公开(公告)号：US20040236168A1

公开(公告)日：2004-11-25

申请号：US10778387

申请日：2004-02-17

Applicant: Marine Desalination Systems, L.L.C.

Inventor： Michael D. Max ,  Sarah A. Holman

IPC: A62D003/00

CPC classification number: A62D3/33 ,  A62D2101/02 ,  A62D2101/22 ,  A62D2101/26 ,  B01D53/68 ,  B01D2257/202 ,  B01D2258/0225

Abstract: Areas in which toxic material has been released, particularly in gaseous form but also in liquid form, are decontaminated by forming gas hydrate of the toxic agent. Smaller-molecule toxic agents form sI or sII type hydrates, whereas larger-molecule toxic agents for sH type hydrates. A nullcompanion gasnull or nullcompanion agentnull is supplied to fill the smaller voids of the sH hydrate, thereby enabling larger-molecule toxic agents to form hydrates by filling the larger voids of the sH hydrate which, but for the presence of the smaller-molecule agent in the smaller voids, would be unstable and not form. Portable as well as fixed, permanently installed apparatus for conducting hydrate-based decontamination is also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 已经释放有毒物质的区域，特别是以气态形式而且以液态形式释放的区域，通过形成有毒剂的气体水合物来净化。 较小分子的毒素形成sI或sII型水合物，而较大分子的毒素为sH型水合物。 提供“伴随气体”或“伴随剂”以填充sH水合物的较小空隙，由此通过填充较大的sH水合物的空隙使得较大分子的毒素形成水合物，但是对于较小的空穴 - 分子剂在较小的空隙中，会不稳定而不形成。 还公开了便携式以及用于进行基于水合物的去污的固定的，永久安装的装置。

公开(公告)号：US20030150483A1

公开(公告)日：2003-08-14

申请号：US10323920

申请日：2002-12-20

Applicant: Marine Desalination Systems, L.L.C.

Inventor： Michael D. Max

IPC: H01L031/00

CPC classification number: B01D5/0042 ,  B01D5/0015 ,  B01D5/0033 ,  E03B3/28 ,  Y02A20/109 ,  Y10S136/291

Abstract: A condensation panel to be used for harvesting water from atmospheric moisture during those times of the diurnal cycle when relative humidity is at or near 100% utilizes very localized cooling to optimize condensation on a surface whose materials promote the condensation and collection of the water. The panel is passive in the sense that it can be deployed and left in an unmaintained condition for considerable periods of time. At least one time each day, almost certainly in the morning, water harvested by the process of assisted condensation can be collected for use.

Abstract translation: 当相对湿度为或接近100％时，用于在昼夜循环期间从大气中收集水分的冷凝面板利用非常局部的冷却来优化在其材料促进水的冷凝和收集的表面上的冷凝。 面板是被动的，因为它可以被部署并在不受保护的条件下保持相当长的一段时间。 每天至少有一次，几乎肯定在早上，通过辅助冷凝过程收获的水可以收集使用。

公开(公告)号：US20040195160A1

公开(公告)日：2004-10-07

申请号：US10833175

申请日：2004-04-28

Applicant: Marine Desalination Systems, L.L.C.

Inventor： Michael D. Max ,  John P. Osegovic

IPC: C02F001/02

CPC classification number: C02F1/22 ,  A23L2/08 ,  B01D53/62 ,  B01D2257/504 ,  C01F11/46 ,  C02F1/20 ,  C02F1/26 ,  C02F1/265 ,  C02F1/5236 ,  C02F2101/101 ,  C02F2101/105 ,  C02F2103/18 ,  C02F2103/32 ,  Y02A20/132 ,  Y02C10/04 ,  Y02P20/152 ,  Y10S210/906

Abstract: Toxic waste waters polluted with high levels of chemical byproducts of various industrial processes (e.g., waste water held in industrial holding ponds) are treated using gas hydrate to extract and remove fresh water from the polluted water, thus reducing the volume of toxic waste water inventories. Extracting fresh water by forming and removing the hydrate raises the concentration of dissolved materials in the residual concentrated brines to levels at which the residual fluid is suitable for use as an industrial feedstock. Furthermore, so raising the concentration of the residual brine will cause certain mineral species to precipitate out of solution, which mineral species are separated from the fluid and may be put to other uses, as appropriate. Food products are also advantageously concentrated by means of gas hydrates.

Abstract translation: 使用天然气水合物处理各种工业过程（如工业池塘中的废水）的高水平化学副产物污染的有毒废水，从污水中提取和清除淡水，从而减少有毒废水库存量 。 通过形成和去除水合物来提取淡水将残留的浓盐水中的溶解物质的浓度提高到残留流体适合用作工业原料的水平。 此外，因此提高残留盐水的浓度将导致某些矿物物质从溶液中沉淀出来，这些矿物物质与流体分离，并且可以适当地投入其他用途。 食品也有利地通过气体水合物浓缩。

公开(公告)号：US20040000165A1

公开(公告)日：2004-01-01

申请号：US10603600

申请日：2003-06-26

Applicant: MARINE DESALINATION SYSTEMS, L.L.C.

Inventor： Michael D. Max

IPC: F25J001/00

CPC classification number: B01D5/0042 ,  E03B3/28 ,  F24F5/0035 ,  F24F2005/0067 ,  Y02A20/109 ,  Y02A30/272 ,  Y02B10/24

Abstract: An atmospheric water harvester extracts water from high relative humidity air. The temperature of the surface of a condensation member is lowered in the presence of moist air to promote condensation of water vapor on its surface, and the water so obtained by condensation is collected. The atmospheric water harvester includes a photovoltaic member that generates electricity to power the refrigeration of the condensation member. At least as much electrical power is produced as is used to condense the water vapor so that no additional sources of electrical power are required. Each atmospheric water harvester (or array of harvesters) is rapidly installed and then operated in an unattended state for considerable periods of time. Arrays of autonomous atmospheric water harvesters can be installed as free-standing units or as roofs on either new or existing buildings.

Abstract translation: 大气水收集器从高相对湿度的空气中提取水。 在潮湿空气的存在下，冷凝构件的表面的温度降低，以促进水蒸汽在其表面上的冷凝，并且收集通过冷凝获得的水。 大气收水机包括发电的光伏部件，为冷凝部件的制冷提供动力。 至少与用于冷凝水蒸汽一样多的电力产生，因此不需要额外的电力来源。 每个大气水收割机（或收割机阵列）都快速安装，然后在无人值守状态下运行相当长的一段时间。 自主大气水收割机的阵列可以作为独立的单位或作为新建或现有建筑物的屋顶安装。

公开(公告)号：US20030029713A1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-13

申请号：US10266259

申请日：2002-10-08

Applicant: Marine Desalination Systems L.L.C.

Inventor： Michael D. Max

IPC: C02F001/04

CPC classification number: C02F1/265 ,  B01D53/62 ,  B01D2257/504 ,  C02F1/20 ,  C02F1/22 ,  C02F1/26 ,  C02F1/5236 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/18 ,  Y02A20/132 ,  Y02C10/04 ,  Y10S203/08 ,  Y10S203/11 ,  Y10S203/18

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for desalination of salt water (and purification of polluted water) are disclosed. Salt (or otherwise polluted) water is pumped to a desalination installation and down to the base of a desalination fractionation column, where it is mixed with hydrate-forming gas to form either positively buoyant or negatively buoyant (assisted buoyancy) hydrate. The hydrate rises or is carried upward and dissociates (melts) into the gas and pure water. In preferred embodiments, residual salt water which is heated by heat given off during formation of the hydrate is removed from the system to create a bias towards overall cooling as the hydrate dissociates endothermically at shallower depths. In preferred embodiments, the input water is passed through regions of dissociation in heat-exchanging relationship therewith so as to be cooled sufficiently for hydrate to form at pressure-depth. The fresh water produced by the system is cold enough that it can be used to provide refrigeration, air conditioning, or other cooling; heat removed from the system with the heated residual water can be used for heating or other applications.

公开(公告)号：US20020003111A1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-10

申请号：US09941545

申请日：2001-08-30

Applicant: MARINE DESALINATION SYSTEMS, L.L.C.

Inventor： Michael D. Max

IPC: B03D001/00

CPC classification number: H04L69/16 ,  B01D53/62 ,  B01D2257/504 ,  C02F1/20 ,  C02F1/22 ,  C02F1/26 ,  C02F1/265 ,  C02F1/5236 ,  C02F2103/08 ,  C02F2103/18 ,  H04L1/1642 ,  H04L1/18 ,  H04L69/22 ,  Y02A20/132 ,  Y02C10/04

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed which allows the hydrate formed in the hydrate formation region of a desalination fractionation apparatus to be cooled as it rises in the apparatus. This has the beneficial effect of increasing its stability at lower pressures and reducing the depth at which the hydrate will begin to dissociate. The present invention provides for more efficient management of the distribution of thermal energy within the apparatus as a whole by controlling the flow of water through the systemnullparticularly residual fluids remaining after hydrate formsnullsuch that it is substantially downward through the fractionation column and out through a lower portion thereof. Hydrate thus separates from the residual fluid at or nearly at the point of formation, which helps keep the hydrate formation region of the apparatus at a temperature suitable for the formation of hydrate and improves efficiency. Hydrate formation may be enhanced, thereby further improving efficiency, by pre-treating the water-to-be-treated so as to dissolve hydrate-forming gas in it, before further hydrate-forming gas is injected into the water-to-be-treated under conditions conducive to the formation of gas hydrate.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种允许在脱盐分馏装置的水合物形成区域中形成的水​​合物在装置中升高时被冷却的装置。 这具有在较低压力下增加其稳定性并降低水合物开始解离的深度的有益效果。 本发明通过控制水通过系统的流量（特别是在水合物形成之后残留的残余流体）使得其在整个装置内的分布更加有效，从而使得其基本向下通过分馏塔和出口 通过其下部。 因此，水合物在形成点处或几乎在形成点处与残留流体分离，这有助于将装置的水合物形成区域保持在适于形成水合物的温度并提高效率。 水合物形成可以提高，从而进一步提高效率，通过预处理待处理的水以便在其中溶解形成水合物的气体，然后将进一步的水合物形成气体注入待水处理的水中， 在有利于天然气水合物形成的条件下进行处理。