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公开(公告)号：US5367584A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-22
申请号：US144119
申请日：1993-10-27
CPC分类号： G02B6/3502 , G02B6/1221 , G02B6/3536 , G02B6/3546 , G02B6/357 , G02B6/3584
摘要： A microelectromechanical photonic switching array comprises a plurality of first waveguides and a plurality of second waveguides. Insulative cladding is situated between the first and second waveguides. Each of the first waveguides is positioned with predetermined first waveguide portions on one side of at least one opening, and each of the second waveguides is positioned with predetermined second waveguide portions substantially parallel to respective ones of the predetermined first waveguide portions on an opposing side of said opening. A selected one of the predetermined second waveguide portions is capable of being moved closer and coupling light to a respective one of the predetermined first waveguide portions in response to either an electrostatic or piezoelectric signal. Alternatively, the first and second waveguides are co-planar and light is coupled from a predetermined first waveguide to a predetermined second waveguide by using a movable waveguide coupler.
摘要翻译： 微机电光子开关阵列包括多个第一波导和多个第二波导。 绝缘包层位于第一和第二波导之间。 每个第一波导在至少一个开口的一侧上被定位成具有预定的第一波导部分，并且每个第二波导位于与预定的第二波导部分基本平行的预定的第二波导部分上， 说开口 所选择的一个预定的第二波导部分能够被移动得更近，并且响应于静电或压电信号将光耦合到相应的一个预定的第一波导部分。 或者，第一和第二波导是共面的，并且光通过使用可移动波导耦合器从预定的第一波导耦合到预定的第二波导。
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公开(公告)号：US5590090A
公开(公告)日：1996-12-31
申请号：US414833
申请日：1995-03-31
CPC分类号： G01H9/002
摘要： An ultrasound/vibration detector array includes an electrically pumped vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array. The cavity length of each laser or pixel of the array is modulated by the acoustic field at the point where the acoustic field contacts the pixels. The resulting laser output is frequency modulated by the acoustic field. This modulation is converted to amplitude modulation at the detector head and then either detected with a charge-coupled-device (CCD) array with the information being electrically communicated to the signal processing assembly or sent directly by optical fiber to the signal processing assembly for processing. This ultrasound/vibration detector array provides high frequency bandwidth detection, fine spatial resolution, and minimal electric cabling.
摘要翻译： 超声/振动检测器阵列包括电泵浦的垂直腔表面发射激光器（VCSEL）阵列。 阵列的每个激光器或像素的空腔长度由声场接触像素的点处的声场调制。 所产生的激光输出由声场进行频率调制。 该调制在检测器头处被转换为幅度调制，然后用电荷耦合器件（CCD）阵列检测，该信息被电传送到信号处理组件，或者由光纤直接发送到信号处理组件进行处理 。 该超声/振动检测器阵列提供高频带宽检测，精细的空间分辨率和最小的电缆布线。
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3.发明授权Method of incorporating vertical cavity surface emitting lasers in an ultrasound detector 失效将垂直腔面发射激光器并入超声波检测器的方法
公开(公告)号：US5532981A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-02
申请号：US414834
申请日：1995-03-31
CPC分类号： G01H9/002
摘要： A method of transmitting the output signal from each pixel of an array of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL's) operatively positioned in an acoustic detector which minimizes the size of interconnects to the different pixels, which uses optical fibers to transport the output signal from each VCSEL pixel to the signal processing assembly. The VCSEL array is fabricated onto an acoustic matching layer which is designed to allow maximum acoustic coupling into the transducer assembly. An acoustic damping layer is employed after the array in order to extinguish the acoustic energy in order to avoid reflections within the transducer. Alternatively, an acoustic reflecting layer can be employed depending on the sensitivity and bandwidth requirements of the application. The frequency modulation of the laser output caused by the acoustic disturbance is then converted into amplitude modulation in a Fabry-Perot cavity array attached to the damping layer. This cavity could also employ a spatial light modulator array or some other tuning element array which would allow feedback to correct for any laser fluctuations at frequencies lower than the acoustic frequency. Finally, an array of fiber optic couplers would couple the amplitude modulated signal to a signal processing assembly.
摘要翻译： 从可操作地定位在声学检测器中的垂直腔表面发射激光器阵列（VCSEL）的阵列的每个像素传输输出信号的方法，其使得不同像素的互连的尺寸最小化，该不同像素使用光纤来传输来自每个 VCSEL像素到信号处理组件。 将VCSEL阵列制造在声匹配层上，该声匹配层被设计成允许将最大声耦合到换能器组件中。 在阵列之后采用声阻尼层以消除声能，以避免换能器内的反射。 或者，可以根据应用的灵敏度和带宽要求采用声反射层。 然后，由声学干扰引起的激光输出的频率调制在与阻尼层相连的法布里 - 珀罗腔阵列中被转换成幅度调制。 该空腔还可以采用空间光调制器阵列或一些其它调谐元件阵列，其将允许反馈校正在低于声频的频率处的任何激光波动。 最后，光纤耦合器阵列将幅度调制信号耦合到信号处理组件。
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公开(公告)号：US06242707B1
公开(公告)日：2001-06-05
申请号：US09386778
申请日：1999-08-31
申请人： Hemant K. Mody , Anil R. Duggal
发明人： Hemant K. Mody , Anil R. Duggal
IPC分类号： H01H930
CPC分类号： H01H9/302
摘要： A current limiting device for protecting electrical circuits has a case and a pair of separable electrodes disposed within the case. Each electrode has a plurality of openings with an ablative member abutting the openings at an outer surface of the electrode. A spring is disposed between each ablative member and the case for urging the electrodes together. When the electrical current exceeds a predetermined setpoint the electrodes separate and an arc is created between the electrodes. The arc heats the ablative member causing expulsion of gasses which further increase the gap resistance and cool the arc to thereby quenching the arc. In a second embodiment of the current limiting device, one of the electrodes is a fixed electrode. The ablative member is disposed about a surface of the moveable electrode with a plurality of legs passing through a plurality of openings of the moveable electrode and in contact with an inner surface of the fixed electrode. A plurality of ablative member springs urges the ablative member against the fixed electrode and a plurality of electrode springs urge the movable electrode against the fixed electrode. In the second embodiment the efficiency of the expulsion of gasses is increased because the legs of the ablative member are positioned within the arc.
摘要翻译： 用于保护电路的限流装置具有设置在壳体内的壳体和一对可分离电极。 每个电极具有多个开口，其中烧蚀构件邻接电极外表面处的开口。 每个烧蚀构件和用于将电极一起推动的壳体之间布置有弹簧。 当电流超过预定的设定点时，电极分离并在电极之间产生电弧。 电弧加热烧蚀构件导致气体排出，这进一步增加间隙电阻并冷却电弧，从而淬火电弧。 在限流装置的第二实施例中，电极之一是固定电极。 烧蚀构件围绕可动电极的表面设置，多个腿穿过可移动电极的多个开口并与固定电极的内表面接触。 多个烧蚀构件弹簧将可消除构件推向固定电极，并且多个电极弹簧将可动电极推向固定电极。 在第二实施例中，由于烧蚀构件的腿位于弧内，所以排出气体的效率增加。
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公开(公告)号：US06357889B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-19
申请号：US09452554
申请日：1999-12-01
IPC分类号： H05B4300
CPC分类号： H05B33/0866 , F21K9/64 , F21V3/061 , F21V3/062 , F21V3/12 , F21V7/22 , F21Y2113/13 , F21Y2113/17 , F21Y2115/10 , F21Y2115/30 , H01L25/0753 , H01L2924/0002 , H05B33/0863 , H01L2924/00
摘要： A color tunable light source (10) includes multiple light emitting components (32, 34, 36), such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) or laser diodes (LDs) with different emission wavelengths, and multiple phosphors (24) with different excitation and emission wavelengths. The emission wavelengths of the different light emitting components are chosen to match the excitation wavelengths of the different phosphors. The light emitting components are powered by an electrical circuit (42, 44, 46), which allows separate control of the optical power output of the different wavelength LEDs/LDs. The light from the light emitting components is arranged to impinge on the combination of phosphors such that the phosphors are excited and emit light at their characteristic wavelengths. By separately adjusting the power to each LED/LD, the amount of light emitted by each phosphor, and hence, through color mixing, the color of the light emitted, is varied.
摘要翻译： 颜色可调谐光源（10）包括多个发光元件（32,34,36），例如具有不同发射波长的发光二极管（LED）或激光二极管（LD）以及具有不同激发的多个荧光体（24） 发射波长。 选择不同发光组件的发射波长以匹配不同荧光体的激发波长。 发光元件由电路（42,44,46）供电，其允许分开控制不同波长LED / LD的光功率输出。 来自发光部件的光被布置成撞击荧光体的组合，使得荧光体被激发并在其特征波长处发光。 通过分别调整每个LED / LD的功率，改变由每个荧光体发射的光，并因此通过颜色混合发射的光的颜色的量。
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公开(公告)号：US6128168A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-03
申请号：US6790
申请日：1998-01-14
CPC分类号： H01H9/42 , H01H2033/163
摘要： A fault current interrupter is provided by the parallel combination of a polymer current limiter and a voltage dependent resistor connected across a pair of separable contacts to permit the interruption of current without the occurrence of arcing between the contacts when the contacts first become separated. The polymer current limiter is selected to have a relatively low resistance at quiescent operating currents and a substantially higher resistance at short circuit overcurrents. This allows the current to transfer away from the contacts through the polymer current limiter until the voltage across the voltage dependent resistor causes the voltage dependent resistor to become conductive and thereby transfer the current away from the polymer current limiter.
摘要翻译： 通过聚合物限流器和连接在一对可分离触点上的电压相关电阻器的并联组合来提供故障电流断流器，以允许当触头首先分离时，不会在触点之间发生电弧而中断电流。 选择聚合物限流器在静态工作电流下具有相对较低的电阻，并且在短路过电流下具有显着更高的电阻。 这允许电流通过聚合物限流器离开触点，直到电压依赖电阻器两端的电压导致电压依赖电阻器变为导通，从而将电流转移离开聚合物限流器。
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7.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07011983B2
公开(公告)日：2006-03-14
申请号：US10324417
申请日：2002-12-20
IPC分类号： H01L51/40
CPC分类号： H01L51/0097 , H01L51/5036 , H01L51/52 , H01L51/5203 , H01L51/5212 , H01L51/524 , H01L51/5256 , H01L2251/5338 , H01L2251/5361 , Y02E10/549 , Y02P70/521
摘要： Large, light-weight organic devices and methods of preparing large, light-weight organic devices. Specifically, flexible and rigid light-weight plastics are implemented. The flexible plastic may be disposed from a reel. A metal grid is fabricated on the flexible plastic to provide current conduction over the large area. A transparent oxide layer is provided over the metal grid to form the bottom electrode of the organic device. A light emitting or light gathering organic layer is disposed on the transparent oxide layer. A second electrode is disposed over the organic layer. Electrodes are coupled to the metal grid and the second electrode to provide electrical current to or from the organic layer. Depending on the type of materials used for the organic layer, the organic device may comprise an area light device or a photovoltaic device.
摘要翻译： 大型，重量轻的有机器件和制备大型轻质有机器件的方法。 具体来说，实现了柔性和刚性轻质塑料。 柔性塑料可以从卷轴设置。 在柔性塑料上制造金属网格以在大面积上提供电流传导。 在金属网格上设置透明氧化物层以形成有机器件的底部电极。 发光或聚光有机层设置在透明氧化物层上。 第二电极设置在有机层上。 电极耦合到金属网格和第二电极以向有机层提供电流或从有机层提供电流。 根据用于有机层的材料的类型，有机器件可以包括区域光器件或光伏器件。
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公开(公告)号：US06653765B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-25
申请号：US09550769
申请日：2000-04-17
IPC分类号： H01J162
CPC分类号： H01L33/507 , F21K9/62 , F21K9/64 , F21V9/06 , F21Y2109/00 , F21Y2115/10 , H01L33/44 , H01L2933/0091
摘要： A light source (10) includes a light emitting component (32), such as a UV/blue light emitting diode or laser diode, a layer (46) of a light scattering material (42), and a layer (48) of a phosphor material (44). The phosphor material converts a portion of the light emitted by the light emitting component to light of a longer wavelength, such as yellow light. The scattering material scatters the light emitted by the light emitting component and/or the light converted by the phosphor to improve the overall uniformity of the angular distribution of the light. When combined, the converted and scattered light has a more uniform angular distribution, that is, it maintains the approximately the same color as the viewing angle is changed.
摘要翻译： 光源（10）包括诸如UV /蓝色发光二极管或激光二极管的发光部件（32），光散射材料（42）的层（46）和 磷光体材料（44）。 荧光体材料将由发光部件发射的光的一部分转换为较长波长的光，例如黄色光。 散射材料散射由发光部件发射的光和/或由荧光体转换的光，以提高光的角度分布的总体均匀性。 当组合时，转换和散射的光具有更均匀的角度分布，即，其保持与视角改变的大致相同的颜色。
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公开(公告)号：US5614881A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-25
申请号：US514076
申请日：1995-08-11
CPC分类号： H01H9/465 , H01C7/027 , H01C7/12 , H02H9/026 , H01H2033/163
摘要： A current limiting device utilizing an electrically conductive composite material and an inhomogeneous distribution of resistance structure is disclosed. The inhomogeneous distribution is typically chosen so that at least one selected thin layer of the current limiting device has much higher resistance than the rest of the current limiting device. In the actual device, pressure is typically exerted on the composite material in a direction normal to the selected thin layer. During a short-circuit, it is believed that adiabatic resistive heating of this selected thin layer is followed by rapid thermal expansion which leads to either a partial or complete physical separation of the current limiting device at the selected thin layer which produces a higher over-all device resistance to electric current flow. Thus the current limiting device limits the flow of current through the short-circuited current path. When the short-circuit is cleared, the current limiting device regains its low resistance state allowing electrical current to flow normally. The current limiting of the present invention is reusable for many such short circuit conditions.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用导电复合材料和电阻结构不均匀分布的限流装置。 通常选择不均匀分布，使得限流装置的至少一个选定的薄层比电流限制装置的其余部分具有高得多的电阻。 在实际的装置中，通常在垂直于所选薄层的方向上对复合材料施加压力。 在短路期间，相信该选择的薄层的绝热电阻加热之后是快速热膨胀，其导致在所选择的薄层处限流器件的部分或完全物理分离，其产生较高的过电压， 所有器件阻抗电流流动。 因此，限流装置限制了通过短路电流路径的电流流动。 当短路被清除时，限流装置恢复其低电阻状态，允许电流正常流动。 本发明的电流限制对于许多这样的短路条件是可重用的。
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10.发明授权Methods for ultrasonic/vibration detection using polarization beating in a microchip laser 失效在微芯片激光器中使用极化拍频的超声/振动检测方法
公开(公告)号：US5602800A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-11
申请号：US415967
申请日：1995-04-03
申请人： Anil R. Duggal
发明人： Anil R. Duggal
摘要： Methods for ultrasonic/vibration detection include using a sensor consisting of a microchip laser or an array of microchip lasers constructed to oscillate at two different laser frequencies corresponding to two orthogonal polarizations is disclosed. The frequency difference between these two different frequencies is chosen to be within the bandwidth of an electrical (as opposed to optical) signal processing system. When the microchip laser or microchip laser array is placed in an acoustic field, its cavity length is modulated which causes a frequency modulation of the frequency difference between the two modes. When the two laser output polarizations are mixed using a polarization scrambling device such as a polarizer at about 45 degrees to the polarization axes and then detected with a photodiode, one for each microchip laser, the resulting electrical signal contains the FM modulated beat frequency between the two polarization modes. This is then demodulated using an electrical signal processing system.
摘要翻译： 用于超声/振动检测的方法包括使用由微芯片激光器组成的传感器或者构造成在对应于两个正交偏振的两个不同激光频率下振荡的微芯片激光器阵列。 这两个不同频率之间的频率差被选择在电（与光）相反的信号处理系统的带宽内。 当微芯片激光器或微芯片激光器阵列放置在声场中时，其腔长被调制，这导致两种模式之间的频率差的频率调制。 当使用诸如偏振器的偏振加扰装置与偏振轴大约45度混合两个激光输出偏振，然后用光电二极管检测时，每个微芯片激光器一个，所得到的电信号包含FM调制拍频 两种偏振模式。 然后使用电信号处理系统对其进行解调。
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