公开(公告)号：US06941032B2

公开(公告)日：2005-09-06

申请号：US09883241

申请日：2001-06-19

申请人： Mario Martinelli ,  Paolo Martelli ,  Angelo Barberis

发明人： Mario Martinelli ,  Paolo Martelli ,  Angelo Barberis

IPC分类号： G02B6/126 ,  G02B6/26 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B27/28 ,  H04B10/135 ,  G02B6/27 ,  G02B6/12

CPC分类号： G02B6/2746 ,  G02B6/126 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02B27/286 ,  H04B10/2572

摘要： In an interferometer configuration, a retarder in the form of a half-wave plate (125) and a phase shifter in the form of a glass plate (120) are arranged in one arm (114). The phase shifter provides an optical path difference between the interferometer arms which needs to be greater than the coherence length of the input light to be polarization stabilized. A polarizer in the form of a linear polarizer (118) aligned at 45° to the half-wave plate is arranged across both interferometer arms (114 & 116). Polarization stabilization action is achieved by the retarder in combination with the polarizer. More specifically, for at least one input polarization state, the polarization states in the two interferometer arms are rendered orthogonal by the retarder, the polarizer being aligned to allow only one of the two orthogonal states to be transmitted, the other being absorbed. The device is expected to find application for WDM networks based on broadband sources, such as superluminescent diodes. The device is also expected to be useful for providing a front-end polarization stabilization of the signal supplied to optical elements that are sensitive to the polarization state of their input. Examples of such elements are semiconductor optical amplifiers, integrated optical splitters and electro-optical switches.

摘要翻译： 在干涉仪配置中，在一个臂（114）中布置了半波片（125）形式的延迟器和玻璃板（120）形式的移相器。 移相器提供干涉仪臂之间的光程差，其需要大于要偏振稳定的输入光的相干长度。 以与半波片成45°的方式对齐的线性偏振器（118）形式的偏振器布置在两个干涉仪臂（114和116）之间。 偏振稳定作用通过缓凝剂与偏振器的组合来实现。 更具体地，对于至少一个输入偏振状态，两个干涉仪臂中的偏振状态由延迟器使其正交，偏振器被对准以允许仅传递两个正交状态中的一个，另一个被吸收。 该设备预计可以应用于基于宽带光源的WDM网络，如超发光二极管。 该装置还可用于提供对其输入的极化状态敏感的提供给光学元件的信号的前端偏振稳定。 这些元件的示例是半导体光放大器，集成光分路器和电光开关。

公开(公告)号：US06181429B2

公开(公告)日：2001-01-30

申请号：US09218297

申请日：1998-12-22

申请人： Angelo Barberis ,  Stefano Caselli ,  Silvia Maria Pietralunga ,  Mario Martinelli

发明人： Angelo Barberis ,  Stefano Caselli ,  Silvia Maria Pietralunga ,  Mario Martinelli

IPC分类号： G01B902

CPC分类号： G01N21/45

摘要： There is provided a method and apparatus for measuring the optical properties of bulk samples. A probe laser beam is fed into the two arms of the apparatus, a reference arm and a measurement arm, both of which contain optical fiber to conduct the laser lights. The measurement arm includes a free space area for mounting a sample to be tested. The probe beam is directed into the sample in free space. The sample also receives light in free space, rather than via the optical fiber, from a second, pump laser. The interaction of the sample and the pump laser affect the optical properties of the sample. This change in optical properties can be detected by comparing the output signals from the measurement and reference arms.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于测量散装样品的光学性质的方法和装置。 探针激光束被馈送到装置的两个臂中，一个参考臂和一个测量臂，它们都包含用于传导激光的光纤。 测量臂包括用于安装待测样品的自由空间区域。 探头光束在自由空间中被引导到样品中。 样品也从第二个泵激光器接收自由空间而不是通过光纤的光。 样品和泵浦激光器的相互作用影响样品的光学性质。 可以通过比较测量和参考臂的输出信号来检测光学特性的这种变化。

公开(公告)号：US20140199066A1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-17

申请号：US14129903

申请日：2012-06-15

申请人： Paolo Martelli ,  Alberto Gatto ,  Mario Martinelli

发明人： Paolo Martelli ,  Alberto Gatto ,  Mario Martinelli

IPC分类号： H04B10/2581 ,  H04J14/04

CPC分类号： H04B10/2581 ,  G02B6/4206 ,  H04J14/04

摘要： An optical communication system is disclosed. The optical communication system comprises an optical transmitter and a substantially circular multi-mode optical fiber. The optical transmitter comprises a generator of at least two free space circular vortices and comprises an optical element configured to receive the at least two free space circular vortices and to couple them to an input facet of the optical fiber. The optical fiber is configured to receive at the input facet the at least two free space circular vortices and is configured to generate therefrom at least two corresponding guided circular vortices having respective propagation constants, wherein the values of the propagation constants at a defined frequency are different each other.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种光通信系统。 光通信系统包括光发射机和基本圆形的多模光纤。 光发射器包括至少两个自由空间圆形涡流的发生器，并且包括被配置为接收至少两个自由空间圆形涡流并将它们耦合到光纤的输入小面的光学元件。 光纤被配置为在输入面处接收至少两个自由空间圆形涡流，并且被配置为由其产生具有相应传播常数的至少两个对应的导向圆形涡流，其中在定义的频率处的传播常数的值是不同的 彼此。

公开(公告)号：US08200087B2

公开(公告)日：2012-06-12

申请号：US13038990

申请日：2011-03-02

申请人： Pierpaolo Boffi ,  Lucia Marazzi ,  Paolo Martelli ,  Mario Martinelli ,  Aldo Righetti ,  Rocco Siano

发明人： Pierpaolo Boffi ,  Lucia Marazzi ,  Paolo Martelli ,  Mario Martinelli ,  Aldo Righetti ,  Rocco Siano

IPC分类号： H04J14/06

CPC分类号： H04J14/06 ,  G02F1/0136 ,  H04J14/02

摘要： A device and method for stabilizing the state of polarization of polarization multiplexed optical radiation including an identified channel is disclosed. The device and method comprise providing to the polarization multiplexed optical radiation a first controllable polarization transformation to generate a first transformed optical radiation; detecting a first state of polarization of a first polarized portion with respect to a first polarization parameter; controlling the first controllable polarization transformation so that the first polarization parameter has a predetermined value independent of a polarization state of the polarization multiplexed optical radiation; providing to the first transformed optical radiation a second controllable polarization transformation to generate a second transformed optical radiation; detecting a second state of polarization of a second polarized portion; and controlling the second controllable polarization transformation so that the second state of polarization has a predefined value.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于稳定包括识别的通道的偏振复用光辐射的偏振状态的装置和方法。 该装置和方法包括向偏振复用光辐射提供第一可控偏振变换以产生第一变换光辐射; 检测相对于第一偏振参数的第一偏振部分的第一极化状态; 控制第一可控偏振变换，使得第一偏振参数具有与偏振复用光辐射的偏振状态无关的预定值; 向所述第一变换光辐射提供第二可控偏振变换以产生第二变换光辐射; 检测第二偏振部分的第二偏振状态; 以及控制所述第二可控偏振变换，使得所述第二极化状态具有预定义的值。

公开(公告)号：US07917031B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-29

申请号：US11665466

申请日：2004-10-22

申请人： Pierpaolo Boffi ,  Lucia Marazzi ,  Paolo Martelli ,  Mario Martinelli ,  Aldo Righetti ,  Rocco Siano

发明人： Pierpaolo Boffi ,  Lucia Marazzi ,  Paolo Martelli ,  Mario Martinelli ,  Aldo Righetti ,  Rocco Siano

IPC分类号： H04J14/06

CPC分类号： H04J14/06 ,  G02F1/0136 ,  H04J14/02

摘要： A device and method for stabilizing the polarization of polarization multiplexed optical radiation includes an identified channel which is provided with a pilot signal. The device and method are based on providing to the polarization multiplexed optical radiation a controllable polarization transformation; measuring the optical power of a polarized portion of the identified channel downstream the polarization transformation; controlling, responsively to the optical power, the controllable polarization transformation so that the identified channel downstream the polarization transformation has a predefined polarization azimuth; providing to the optical radiation downstream the polarization transformation a further controllable polarization transformation; measuring the optical power of a polarized portion of the identified channel downstream the further controllable polarization transformation; and controlling, responsively to the optical power, the further controllable polarization transformation so that the identified channel downstream the further controllable polarization transformation has a predefined state of polarization.

摘要翻译： 用于稳定偏振复用光辐射的偏振的装置和方法包括被提供有导频信号的识别信道。 该装置和方法基于向偏振复用光辐射提供可控偏振变换; 测量在所述偏振变换下游的所识别的通道的极化部分的光功率; 响应于光功率控制可控偏振变换，使得偏振变换下游的识别信道具有预定义的偏振方位; 向偏光变换下游的光辐射提供进一步可控的偏振变换; 测量所识别的通道的偏振部分的光功率在下游的可控偏振变换; 并且响应于光功率控制进一步可控的偏振变换，使得在进一步可控偏振变换下游的识别信道具有预定的偏振状态。

公开(公告)号：US20100277798A1

公开(公告)日：2010-11-04

申请号：US12739840

申请日：2007-12-21

申请人： Paolo Martelli ,  Mario Martinelli ,  Aldo Righetti

发明人： Paolo Martelli ,  Mario Martinelli ,  Aldo Righetti

IPC分类号： G02B5/30

CPC分类号： H04J14/06 ,  G02B5/3083 ,  G02F1/0121 ,  G02F1/0136

摘要： A method of stabilizing the state of polarization of an optical radiation comprises: 1) applying sequentially to the optical radiation a first and a second controllable phase retardation; 2) detecting an optical power of at least a first polarized portion of the optical radiation obtained after step 1; 3) applying sequentially to the optical radiation obtained after step 1 a third and a fourth controllable phase retardation; 4) detecting an optical power of a further polarized portion of the optical radiation obtained after step 3; 5) controlling, responsive to the optical power of said first polarized portion, the second controllable phase retardation so as to maintain the polarization state of the optical radiation obtained after step 1 at a defined great circle r on a Poincare sphere; 6) in case the second controllable phase retardation reaches a first limit value, commuting the first controllable phase retardation between first and second values; 7) controlling, responsive to the optical power of said further polarized portion, the fourth controllable phase retardation so as to maintain the polarization state of the optical radiation obtained after step 3 at a defined state of polarization; 8) in case the fourth controllable phase retardation reaches a second limit value, commuting the third controllable phase retardation between third and fourth values, keeping constant the first controllable phase retardation while the third controllable phase retardation is commuting between said third and fourth values. A polarization stabilizing device based on the method above is also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 稳定光辐射的偏振状态的方法包括：1）顺序地施加到光辐射第一和第二可控相位延迟; 2）检测在步骤1之后获得的光辐射的至少第一极化部分的光功率; 3）顺序地施加到在步骤1之后获得的光辐射，第三和第四可控相位延迟; 4）检测在步骤3之后获得的光辐射的另一极化部分的光功率; 5）响应于所述第一极化部分的光功率控制第二可控相位延迟，以便将在步骤1之后获得的光辐射的极化状态保持在庞加莱球上的确定的大圆圈r; 6）在第二可控相位延迟达到第一极限值的情况下，使第一和第二值之间的第一可控相位延迟相乘; 7）响应于所述另外的偏振部分的光焦度来控制第四可控相位延迟，以便将在步骤3之后获得的光辐射的偏振状态保持在限定的偏振状态; 8）在第四可控相位延迟达到第二极限值的情况下，使第三和第四值之间的第三可控相位延迟通过，在第三可控相位延迟在所述第三和第四值之间通勤时，保持第一可控相位延迟恒定。 还公开了一种基于上述方法的偏振稳定装置。

公开(公告)号：US07307722B2

公开(公告)日：2007-12-11

申请号：US10485221

申请日：2002-07-30

申请人： Mario Martinelli ,  Paolo Martelli ,  Silvia Maria Pietralunga

发明人： Mario Martinelli ,  Paolo Martelli ,  Silvia Maria Pietralunga

IPC分类号： G01J4/00

CPC分类号： G02F1/0136

摘要： A polarization stabilizing device and method based on controlling the phase retardation of a pair of variable phase retarders with a controller such that the first of the variable retarders has its phase retardation switched between first and second values whenever the phase retardation of the second of the variable retarders reaches an upper or a lower limit. The upper and lower limits of the second retarder and the first and second values of the first retarder are chosen so that discontinuities in the power of the output optical signal are avoided when the first variable retarder is switched, thereby providing endless polarization stabilization using phase retarders that themselves have only limited retardation ranges.

摘要翻译： 一种偏振稳定装置和方法，其基于通过控制器控制一对可变相位延迟器的相位延迟，使得第一可变延迟器的第一和第二值之间的相位延迟在第一和第二值之间切换， 缓凝剂达到上限或下限。 选择第二延迟器的上限和下限以及第一延迟器的第一值和第二值，使得当第一可变延迟器被切换时避免输出光信号的功率的不连续性，由此使用相位延迟器提供无限极化稳定 它们本身只有有限的延迟范围。

公开(公告)号：US09571196B2

公开(公告)日：2017-02-14

申请号：US14129903

申请日：2012-06-15

申请人： Paolo Martelli ,  Alberto Gatto ,  Mario Martinelli

发明人： Paolo Martelli ,  Alberto Gatto ,  Mario Martinelli

IPC分类号： H04J14/04 ,  H04B10/2581 ,  G02B6/42

CPC分类号： H04B10/2581 ,  G02B6/4206 ,  H04J14/04

摘要： An optical communication system is disclosed. The optical communication system comprises an optical transmitter and a substantially circular multi-mode optical fiber. The optical transmitter comprises a generator of at least two free space circular vortices and comprises an optical element configured to receive the at least two free space circular vortices and to couple them to an input facet of the optical fiber. The optical fiber is configured to receive at the input facet the at least two free space circular vortices and is configured to generate therefrom at least two corresponding guided circular vortices having respective propagation constants, wherein the values of the propagation constants at a defined frequency are different each other.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种光通信系统。 光通信系统包括光发射机和基本圆形的多模光纤。 光发射器包括至少两个自由空间圆形涡流的发生器，并且包括被配置为接收至少两个自由空间圆形涡流并将它们耦合到光纤的输入小面的光学元件。 光纤被配置为在输入面处接收至少两个自由空间圆形涡流，并且被配置为由其产生具有相应传播常数的至少两个对应的导向圆形涡流，其中在定义的频率处的传播常数的值是不同的 彼此。

公开(公告)号：US08311411B2

公开(公告)日：2012-11-13

申请号：US12739840

申请日：2007-12-21

申请人： Paolo Martelli ,  Mario Martinelli ,  Aldo Righetti

发明人： Paolo Martelli ,  Mario Martinelli ,  Aldo Righetti

IPC分类号： H04B10/00 ,  H04B10/06 ,  H04B10/04 ,  H04J14/06

CPC分类号： H04J14/06 ,  G02B5/3083 ,  G02F1/0121 ,  G02F1/0136

摘要： A method of stabilizing the state of polarization of an optical radiation comprises: 1) applying sequentially to the optical radiation a first and a second controllable phase retardation; 2) detecting an optical power of at least a first polarized portion of the optical radiation obtained after step 1; 3) applying sequentially to the optical radiation obtained after step 1 a third and a fourth controllable phase retardation; 4) detecting an optical power of a further polarized portion of the optical radiation obtained after step 3; 5) controlling, responsive to the optical power of said first polarized portion, the second controllable phase retardation so as to maintain the polarization state of the optical radiation obtained after step 1 at a defined great circle r on a Poincare sphere; 6) in case the second controllable phase retardation reaches a first limit value, commuting the first controllable phase retardation between first and second values; 7) controlling, responsive to the optical power of said further polarized portion, the fourth controllable phase retardation so as to maintain the polarization state of the optical radiation obtained after step 3 at a defined state of polarization; 8) in case the fourth controllable phase retardation reaches a second limit value, commuting the third controllable phase retardation between third and fourth values, keeping constant the first controllable phase retardation while the third controllable phase retardation is commuting between said third and fourth values. A polarization stabilizing device based on the method above is also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 稳定光辐射的偏振状态的方法包括：1）顺序地施加到光辐射第一和第二可控相位延迟; 2）检测在步骤1之后获得的光辐射的至少第一极化部分的光功率; 3）顺序地施加到在步骤1之后获得的光辐射，第三和第四可控相位延迟; 4）检测在步骤3之后获得的光辐射的另一极化部分的光功率; 5）响应于所述第一极化部分的光功率控制第二可控相位延迟，以便将在步骤1之后获得的光辐射的极化状态保持在庞加莱球上的确定的大圆圈r; 6）在第二可控相位延迟达到第一极限值的情况下，使第一和第二值之间的第一可控相位延迟相乘; 7）响应于所述另外的偏振部分的光焦度来控制第四可控相位延迟，以便将在步骤3之后获得的光辐射的偏振状态保持在限定的偏振状态; 8）在第四可控相位延迟达到第二极限值的情况下，使第三和第四值之间的第三可控相位延迟通过，在第三可控相位延迟在所述第三和第四值之间通勤时，保持第一可控相位延迟恒定。 还公开了一种基于上述方法的偏振稳定装置。

公开(公告)号：US20110170870A1

公开(公告)日：2011-07-14

申请号：US13038990

申请日：2011-03-02

申请人： Pierpaolo Boffi ,  Lucia Marazzi ,  Paolo Martelli ,  Mario Martinelli ,  Aldo Righetti ,  Rocco Siano

发明人： Pierpaolo Boffi ,  Lucia Marazzi ,  Paolo Martelli ,  Mario Martinelli ,  Aldo Righetti ,  Rocco Siano

IPC分类号： H04J14/06

CPC分类号： H04J14/06 ,  G02F1/0136 ,  H04J14/02

摘要： A device and method for stabilizing the state of polarization of polarization multiplexed optical radiation including an identified channel is disclosed. The device and method comprise providing to the polarization multiplexed optical radiation a first controllable polarization transformation to generate a first transformed optical radiation; detecting a first state of polarization of a first polarized portion with respect to a first polarization parameter; controlling the first controllable polarization transformation so that the first polarization parameter has a predetermined value independent of a polarization state of the polarization multiplexed optical radiation; providing to the first transformed optical radiation a second controllable polarization transformation to generate a second transformed optical radiation; detecting a second state of polarization of a second polarized portion; and controlling the second controllable polarization transformation so that the second state of polarization has a predefined value.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于稳定包括识别的通道的偏振复用光辐射的偏振状态的装置和方法。 该装置和方法包括向偏振复用光辐射提供第一可控偏振变换以产生第一变换光辐射; 检测相对于第一偏振参数的第一偏振部分的第一极化状态; 控制第一可控偏振变换，使得第一偏振参数具有与偏振复用光辐射的偏振状态无关的预定值; 向所述第一变换光辐射提供第二可控偏振变换以产生第二变换光辐射; 检测第二偏振部分的第二偏振状态; 以及控制所述第二可控偏振变换，使得所述第二极化状态具有预定义的值。