公开(公告)号：US06890619B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-10

申请号：US10010810

申请日：2001-11-13

申请人： Mark Troll

发明人： Mark Troll

IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/35 ,  G02B26/08 ,  G02B6/26 ,  B32B3/30 ,  C07C25/13 ,  C07C43/20 ,  G02B6/42

CPC分类号： G02B6/3538 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3576 ,  Y10S585/92 ,  Y10T428/24479 ,  Y10T428/2457

摘要： Optical systems such as, for example, optical switches, are disclosed comprising a solid component and a refractive index-matching liquid composition interfaced with the solid component. The liquid composition has a refractive-index that is substantially equal to that of the solid component. In one approach the liquid composition is a saturated cyclic compound consisting essentially of carbon and hydrogen and optionally oxygen such as, e.g., cyclic alkanes, alcohols or ketones. In another approach the liquid composition is benzene substituted with one or more electron-donating groups attached directly to the ring and one of more fluoro groups attached to the ring or to the electron-donating groups. In yet another approach the liquid composition is a combination comprising one or more of benzene or substituted benzene and optionally at least one of an alkane or substituted alkane having a boiling point less than about 130° C. Also disclosed are methods for preparing a liquid composition having a predetermined refractive index at a predetermined temperature and methods for transmitting optical signals.

公开(公告)号：US06188815B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-13

申请号：US09348979

申请日：1999-07-07

申请人： Stefano Schiaffino ,  Mark Troll ,  Dale W. Schroeder

发明人： Stefano Schiaffino ,  Mark Troll ,  Dale W. Schroeder

IPC分类号： G02B635

CPC分类号： G02B26/004 ,  G02B6/3538 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3596

摘要： A switching device includes a substrate, a first waveguide segment, a second waveguide segment, a heating device, a liquid, and a pressure controlling mechanism. The substrate is coupled to the first waveguide segment and the second waveguide segment, and the substrate includes a chamber that separates the first waveguide segment from the second waveguide segment. The liquid is disposed in the chamber and is responsive to the heating device. The pressure controlling mechanism controls a pressure in the chamber such that inadvertent bubbles are prevented from forming between the first waveguide segment and the second waveguide segment.

摘要翻译： 开关装置包括基板，第一波导段，第二波导段，加热装置，液体和压力控制机构。 衬底耦合到第一波导段和第二波导段，并且衬底包括将第一波导段与第二波导段分离的腔室。 液体设置在腔室中并响应于加热装置。 压力控制机构控制室内的压力，从而防止在第一波导段和第二波导段之间形成无意的气泡。

公开(公告)号：US20120223245A1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-06

申请号：US13037812

申请日：2011-03-01

申请人： John Bennett ,  Jan P. Bennett ,  Mark Troll

发明人： John Bennett ,  Jan P. Bennett ,  Mark Troll

IPC分类号： G21K1/08 ,  B82Y30/00

CPC分类号： B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  H01J3/021 ,  H01J37/073 ,  H01J37/3177 ,  H01J2203/0244 ,  H01J2237/06333 ,  H01J2237/31779 ,  H01J2237/31784

摘要： An embodiment includes an electron beam source system having a first electron beam source unit with a substrate having a substrate-top end and a substrate-bottom end; and a first lens coupled to the substrate-bottom end defining a first aperture and having a lens-top end and a lens-bottom end. Further embodiments comprise an electron-emission region at the substrate-bottom end and aligned with the first aperture, the electron-emission region being operable to emit one or more electrons due to one or more photons contacting the electron-emission region, which may include passing through the substrate and into the electron-emission region, wherein the electron-emission region comprises a first doped portion of the substrate.

摘要翻译： 一个实施例包括具有第一电子束源单元的电子束源系统，该第一电子束源单元具有衬底，该衬底具有衬底顶端和衬底底端; 以及耦合到所述衬底底端的第一透镜，所述第一透镜限定第一孔并且具有透镜顶端和透镜底端。 另外的实施例包括在衬底底端处并与第一孔对准的电子发射区域，电子发射区域可操作以由于与电子发射区域接触的一个或多个光子而发射一个或多个电子，其可以包括 通过衬底并进入电子发射区域，其中电子发射区域包括衬底的第一掺杂部分。

公开(公告)号：US06487333B2

公开(公告)日：2002-11-26

申请号：US09956468

申请日：2001-09-17

申请人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Mark Troll

发明人： Julie E. Fouquet ,  Mark Troll

IPC分类号： G02B626

CPC分类号： G02B6/3536 ,  G02B6/3522 ,  G02B6/3538 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3574 ,  G02B6/3576 ,  G02B6/3596 ,  G02B26/004

摘要： The optical switch comprises a substrate, a planar waveguide circuit, an index-matching liquid, a working fluid and a displacing device. The planar waveguide circuit is supported by the substrate. The planar waveguide circuit and the substrate collectively define a trench that includes a first trench region and a second trench region adjacent the first trench region. The second trench region has a width greater than the first trench region. The planar waveguide circuit includes a first waveguide and a second waveguide. The waveguides intersect at the first trench region and are positioned such that light traversing the first waveguide enters the second waveguide when an index-matching material is present in the first trench region, and is otherwise reflected by said the first trench region. The index-matching liquid is located in at least part of the first trench region. The working fluid is located in the second trench region. The displacing device is coupled to the second trench region, and is for displacing part of the working fluid into the first trench region to interpose the index-matching liquid between the waveguides.

摘要翻译： 光开关包括基板，平面波导电路，折射率匹配液体，工作流体和位移装置。 平面波导电路由衬底支撑。 平面波导电路和基板共同限定了包括第一沟槽区域和与第一沟槽区域相邻的第二沟槽区域的沟槽。 第二沟槽区具有大于第一沟槽区的宽度。 平面波导电路包括第一波导和第二波导。 波导在第一沟槽区域相交并且被定位使得当折射率匹配材料存在于第一沟槽区域中时，穿过第一波导的光进入第二波导，并且由第一沟槽区域反射。 折射率匹配液体位于第一沟槽区域的至少一部分中。 工作流体位于第二沟槽区域中。 位移装置耦合到第二沟槽区域，并且用于将工作流体的一部分移动到第一沟槽区域中以将折射率匹配液体插入在波导之间。

公开(公告)号：US07695801B2

公开(公告)日：2010-04-13

申请号：US11090551

申请日：2005-03-25

申请人： Mark Troll

发明人： Mark Troll

IPC分类号： G02B6/26 ,  G02B6/42 ,  B32B3/30 ,  B32B3/28

CPC分类号： G02B6/3538 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3576 ,  Y10S585/92 ,  Y10T428/24479 ,  Y10T428/2457

摘要： Optical systems such as, for example, optical switches, are disclosed comprising a solid component and a refractive index-matching liquid composition interfaced with the solid component. The liquid composition has a refractive-index that is substantially equal to that of the solid component. In one approach the liquid composition is a saturated cyclic compound consisting essentially of carbon and hydrogen and optionally oxygen such as, e.g., cyclic alkanes, alcohols or ketones. In another approach the liquid composition is benzene substituted with one or more electron-donating groups attached directly to the ring and one of more fluoro groups attached to the ring or to the electron-donating groups. In yet another approach the liquid composition is a combination comprising one or more of benzene or substituted benzene and optionally at least one of an alkane or substituted alkane having a boiling point less than about 130° C. Also disclosed are methods for preparing a liquid composition having a predetermined refractive index at a predetermined temperature and methods for transmitting optical signals.

摘要翻译： 公开了光学系统，例如光学开关，其包括与固体组分接合的固体组分和折射率匹配液体组合物。 液体组合物的折射率基本上等于固体组分的折射率。 在一种方法中，液体组合物是基本上由碳和氢组成的饱和环状化合物和任选的氧，例如环烷烃，醇或酮。 在另一种方法中，液体组合物被一个或多个直接连接在环上的给电子基团取代的苯和被连接到环上的多个氟基团中的一个或给电子基团。 在另一种方法中，液体组合物是包含一种或多种苯或取代的苯和任选的至少一种沸点小于约130℃的烷烃或取代烷烃的组合。还公开了制备液体组合物的方法 在预定温度下具有预定的折射率和用于传输光信号的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06674933B2

公开(公告)日：2004-01-06

申请号：US09966693

申请日：2001-09-27

申请人： Mark Troll

发明人： Mark Troll

IPC分类号： G02B626

CPC分类号： G02B6/3538 ,  G02B6/3522 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3576 ,  G02B6/3582 ,  G02B6/359 ,  G02B6/3596

摘要： A system for manipulating optical signals in an optical switch utilizes a light-absorbing region. The region efficiently converts light to thermal energy and is in thermal communication with an index-matching fluid disposed within an intersecting gap between a first input optical waveguide and a first output optical waveguide. In one embodiment, exposing the region to optical radiation elevates the temperature of the fluid within the gap, resulting in vaporization of the fluid into gas. Filling the gap with gas creates a refractive index mismatch that causes light from the first input waveguide to be diverted to a second output waveguide. In another embodiment, the manipulation of optical signals is achieved by exposing a light-absorbing fluid to the source radiation.

摘要翻译： 用于在光开关中操纵光信号的系统利用光吸收区域。 该区域有效地将光转换成热能，并且与设置在第一输入光波导和第一输出光波导之间的相交间隙内的折射率匹配流体热连通。 在一个实施例中，将该区域暴露于光辐射将使间隙内的流体的温度升高，导致流体蒸发成气体。 用气体填充间隙产生折射率失配，其使来自第一输入波导的光转向第二输出波导。 在另一个实施例中，通过将光吸收流体暴露于源辐射来实现光信号的操纵。

公开(公告)号：US20050170146A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-04

申请号：US11090551

申请日：2005-03-25

申请人： Mark Troll

发明人： Mark Troll

IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/35 ,  G02B26/08 ,  B32B3/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/3538 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3576 ,  Y10S585/92 ,  Y10T428/24479 ,  Y10T428/2457

摘要： Optical systems such as, for example, optical switches, are disclosed comprising a solid component and a refractive index-matching liquid composition interfaced with the solid component. The liquid composition has a refractive-index that is substantially equal to that of the solid component. In one approach the liquid composition is a saturated cyclic compound consisting essentially of carbon and hydrogen and optionally oxygen such as, e.g., cyclic alkanes, alcohols or ketones. In another approach the liquid composition is benzene substituted with one or more electron-donating groups attached directly to the ring and one of more fluoro groups attached to the ring or to the electron-donating groups. In yet another approach the liquid composition is a combination comprising one or more of benzene or substituted benzene and optionally at least one of an alkane or substituted alkane having a boiling point less than about 130° C. Also disclosed are methods for preparing a liquid composition having a predetermined refractive index at a predetermined temperature and methods for transmitting optical signals.

摘要翻译： 公开了光学系统，例如光学开关，其包括与固体组分接合的固体组分和折射率匹配液体组合物。 液体组合物的折射率基本上等于固体组分的折射率。 在一种方法中，液体组合物是基本上由碳和氢组成的饱和环状化合物和任选的氧，例如环烷烃，醇或酮。 在另一种方法中，液体组合物是被一个或多个直接连接在环上的给电子基团取代的苯和被连接到环上的多个氟基团中的一个或给电子基团。 在另一种方法中，液体组合物是包含一种或多种苯或取代的苯和任选的至少一种沸点小于约130℃的烷烃或取代烷烃的组合。还公开了制备液体组合物的方法 在预定温度下具有预定的折射率和用于传输光信号的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06757459B2

公开(公告)日：2004-06-29

申请号：US10036883

申请日：2001-10-24

申请人： Mark Troll

发明人： Mark Troll

IPC分类号： G02B642

CPC分类号： G02B6/3538 ,  G02B6/3578 ,  G02B26/004

摘要： A system for manipulating optical signals in an optical switch utilizes a piezoelectric membrane. The membrane is selectively enabled to switch among an outward position, an inward position and a relaxed orientation in relation to a sidewall of a trench that is provided as part of the switch. The membrane is in fluidic communication with an intersecting gap of the trench that crosses a first input waveguide and a first output waveguide. Displacing the membrane to a first position causes the gap to be filled with an index-matching liquid such that light from the first input waveguide is transmitted to the first output waveguide. Alternatively, displacing the membrane to a second position causes the gap to be filled with a gaseous bubble, resulting in a refractive index mismatch, such that the light from the first input waveguide is diverted at the gap. In another embodiment, there are two membranes utilized for manipulating optical signals.

摘要翻译： 用于在光开关中操纵光信号的系统利用压电膜。 选择性地使薄膜能够相对于作为开关的一部分提供的沟槽的侧壁在向外位置，向内位置和松弛取向之间切换。 膜与穿过第一输入波导和第一输出波导的沟槽的相交间隙流体连通。 将膜置于第一位置使间隙填充有折射率匹配液体，使得来自第一输入波导的光透射到第一输出波导。 或者，将膜移位到第二位置使得间隙被气泡填充，导致折射率失配，使得来自第一输入波导的光在间隙处被转向。 在另一实施例中，存在用于操纵光信号的两个膜。

公开(公告)号：US06327397B1

公开(公告)日：2001-12-04

申请号：US09510100

申请日：2000-02-22

申请人： Stefano Schiaffino ,  Dale Schroeder ,  Mark Troll

发明人： Stefano Schiaffino ,  Dale Schroeder ,  Mark Troll

IPC分类号： G02B626

CPC分类号： G02B6/3582 ,  G02B6/3538 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3576 ,  G02B6/3596 ,  G02B26/004 ,  G02F1/0147 ,  G02F1/3137 ,  G02F1/315 ,  G02F2203/023

摘要： An optical switching device and a method of providing temperature control for the device utilize compensating thermal energy to maintain a consistent operating temperature. The optical switching device may be a thermally activated optical switch that routes optical signals using bubbles that are strategically created along optical paths within the device. The bubbles are created by thermal energy generated by switching heating elements. The compensating thermal energy may be generated by at least one compensating heating element or by at least one switching heating element that is not currently being used for optical switching, i.e., bubble creation. The compensating thermal energy is varied so that total thermal energy generated by the device is constant, which results in a consistent operating temperature. In a first embodiment, the device includes additional heating elements that are selectively activated to generate the compensating thermal energy. In a second embodiment, the compensating thermal energy is generated by all of the switching heating elements along one or more optical paths that are in a transmission mode. In a third embodiment, the device includes a single additional heating element that is supplied with a variable electrical power to generate the compensating thermal energy.

摘要翻译： 光学开关器件和为器件提供温度控制的方法利用补偿热能来维持一致的工作温度。 光学开关装置可以是热激活的光学开关，其使用沿着装置内的光路策略地创建的气泡来路由光信号。 气泡是由切换加热元件产生的热能产生的。 补偿热能可以由至少一个补偿加热元件或至少一个当前不用于光学切换，即气泡产生的开关加热元件产生。 补偿热能是变化的，使得由设备产生的总热能是恒定的，这导致一致的工作温度。 在第一实施例中，该装置包括附加的加热元件，其被选择性地激活以产生补偿热能。 在第二实施例中，补偿热能由沿传送模式的一个或多个光路的所有开关加热元件产生。 在第三实施例中，该装置包括单个附加加热元件，其被提供有可变电功率以产生补偿热能。