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    Electron tube with transverse cyclotron interaction
    1.
    发明授权
    Electron tube with transverse cyclotron interaction 失效
    具有横向回旋加速器相互作用的电子管

    公开(公告)号：US4513223A

    公开(公告)日：1985-04-23

    申请号：US395417

    申请日：1982-07-06

    Applicant: Marvin Chodorow

    Inventor： Marvin Chodorow

    IPC: H01J23/16 ,  H01J25/00 ,  H01J25/38

    CPC classification number: H01J25/38

    Abstract: An electron-beam tube for generating high microwave power at high frequencies comprises a fast-wave circuit such as a hollow waveguide. The circuit wave has a component of electric field perpendicular to its propagation axis. This field interacts with motions of the electrons transverse to the axis, in particular cyclotron rotation in an axial magnetic field. The above features are common to the well-known "gyrotrons".In the inventive tube the fast-wave circuit has means for locking a linearly polarized transverse-electric mode to the orientation of a circuit member such as the ridge in a ridged waveguide. The member (ridge) rotates spirally with distance along the guide. The added periodicity permits interaction with a space harmonic of the circuit wave. The -1 harmonic has a dispersion characteristic which provides beam-wave interaction over a wider frequency range than is possible in prior-art tubes of the gyrotron type.

    Abstract translation: 用于在高频下产生高微波功率的电子束管包括诸如中空波导的快波电路。 电路波具有垂直于其传播轴的电场分量。 该场与横向于轴的电子的运动相互作用，特别是在轴向磁场中的回旋加速器旋转。 上述特征对于众所周知的“陀螺仪”是常见的。 在本发明的管中，快波电路具有用于将线性偏振横向电模式锁定到诸如脊状波导中的脊的电路构件的取向的装置。 构件（脊）沿着引导件的距离螺旋旋转。 增加的周期允许与电路波的空间谐波相互作用。 -1谐波具有比在陀螺仪类型的现有技术管中可能的更宽的频率范围提供波束相互作用的色散特性。

    Mode suppression means for gyrotron cavities
    3.
    发明授权
    Mode suppression means for gyrotron cavities 失效
    用于陀螺仪腔的模式抑制装置

    公开(公告)号：US4398121A

    公开(公告)日：1983-08-09

    申请号：US232059

    申请日：1981-02-05

    Applicant: Marvin Chodorow ,  Robert S. Symons

    Inventor： Marvin Chodorow ,  Robert S. Symons

    IPC: H01P7/06 ,  H01J25/00 ,  H01J25/02 ,  H01P1/162

    CPC classification number: H01J25/025

    Abstract: In a gyrotron electron tube of the gyro-klystron or gyro-monotron type, having a cavity supporting an electromagnetic mode with circular electric field, spurious resonances can occur in modes having noncircular electric field. These spurious resonances are damped and their frequencies shifted by a circular groove in the cavity parallel to the electric field.

    Abstract translation: 在具有支持具有圆形电场的电磁模式的空腔的陀螺 - 速调管或陀螺 - 单子型的陀螺仪电子管中，可以在具有非圆形电场的模式中发生寄生谐振。 这些寄生谐振被阻尼，并且它们的频率被平行于电场的空腔中的圆形槽移动。

    Stabilized fiber optic sensor
    5.
    发明授权
    Stabilized fiber optic sensor 失效
    稳定光纤传感器

    公开(公告)号：US4530603A

    公开(公告)日：1985-07-23

    申请号：US426887

    申请日：1982-09-29

    Applicant: Herbert J. Shaw ,  Marvin Chodorow ,  Loren F. Stokes

    Inventor： Herbert J. Shaw ,  Marvin Chodorow ,  Loren F. Stokes

    IPC: G02B6/00 ,  G01H9/00 ,  G02B6/26 ,  G02B6/28 ,  G02B26/06 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G02F1/11 ,  G02F1/29 ,  H04R1/44 ,  G01B9/02

    CPC classification number: G01H9/004 ,  G02B26/06 ,  G02F1/0134

    Abstract: A fiber optic sensor comprises a length of optical fiber, forming a loop, and a fiber optic directional coupler for optically closing the loop. The loop and coupler form a resonant cavity for light circulating therethrough. A PZT cylinder, about which the fiber loop is wrapped, is utilized to control the total round trip phase delay of the circulating light, and thus, control the intensity of the optical output signal. The phase delay is adjusted to a point where the optical output signal is at maximum sensitivity to changes in phase. When the fiber loop is exposed to, e.g., acoustic waves, the loop length changes correspondingly, thereby causing the phase delay, and thus, the optical output signal to vary. By detecting variations in output signal intensity, the frequency and intensity of the acoustic waves may be determined. The sensor also includes a feedback system for stabilizing the fiber loop against low frequency thermal drift.

    Abstract translation: 光纤传感器包括长度的光纤，形成环路，以及用于光学闭合环路的光纤定向耦合器。 环路和耦合器形成用于从其中循环的光的谐振腔。 纤维环绕其缠绕的PZT圆柱体用于控制循环光的总往返相位延迟，从而控制光输出信号的强度。 相位延迟被调整到光输出信号对相位变化具有最大灵敏度的点。 当光纤环路暴露于例如声波时，环路长度相应地改变，从而导致相位延迟，从而导致光输出信号变化。 通过检测输出信号强度的变化，可以确定声波的频率和强度。 该传感器还包括一个反馈系统，用于稳定光纤回路以抵抗低频热漂移。

    Fiber optic rotation sensing interferometer
    6.
    发明授权
    Fiber optic rotation sensing interferometer 失效
    光纤旋转感测干涉仪

    公开(公告)号：US4323310A

    公开(公告)日：1982-04-06

    申请号：US100320

    申请日：1979-12-05

    Applicant: Herbert J. Shaw ,  Marvin Chodorow

    Inventor： Herbert J. Shaw ,  Marvin Chodorow

    IPC: G01C19/72 ,  G01P3/36 ,  G01B9/02

    CPC classification number: G01C19/72

    Abstract: A fiber optic rotation sensing interferometer based on the Sagnac effect in which mechanical rotation introduces measurable shifts in the phase of optical signals transversing a closed path. The interferometer includes the closed optical path made up of a multi-turn fiber optic loop, a directional coupler or couplers, and an amplifier. A pulse of electromagnetic radiation is fed into the optical path by means of a pulsed electromagnetic source such as a laser and a beam splitter. The beam splitter splits the pulse into two pulses which undergo multiple circulations about the optical path in opposite directions. The directional couplers non-destructively sample the two pulses after each pass therethrough and send the pair of pulse samples to the beam splitter once each circulation. The beam splitter sends these pulse pair samples to a detector and signal processor once each circulation. The detector measures the instantaneous relative phase shift between the two pulse samples in each of the multiple pulse pairs and outputs phase information once each circulation. This phase information is converted by the signal processor into the angle of rotation or into rotation rate of the interferometer.

    Abstract translation: 基于Sagnac效应的光纤旋转感测干涉仪，其中机械旋转引起横向闭合路径的光信号的相位中的可测量偏移。 干涉仪包括由多匝光纤环路，定向耦合器或耦合器以及放大器组成的封闭光路。 通过脉冲电磁源（例如激光和分束器）将电磁辐射的脉冲馈送到光路中。 分束器将脉冲分成两个脉冲，这两个脉冲在相反的方向上绕光路进行多次循环。 定向耦合器在每次通过之后对两个脉冲进行非破坏性采样，每次循环发送一对脉冲样本到分束器。 每次循环后，分束器将这些脉冲对采样发送到检测器和信号处理器。 检测器测量每个多个脉冲对中的两个脉冲样本之间的瞬时相对相移，并在每次循环之后输出相位信息。 该相位信息由信号处理器转换成旋转角度或干涉仪的旋转速率。

    Fiber optic amplifier
    7.
    发明授权
    Fiber optic amplifier 失效
    光纤放大器

    公开(公告)号：US4546476A

    公开(公告)日：1985-10-08

    申请号：US448707

    申请日：1982-12-10

    Applicant: Herbert J. Shaw ,  Marvin Chodorow

    Inventor： Herbert J. Shaw ,  Marvin Chodorow

    IPC: G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/04 ,  G02B6/28 ,  G02B27/10 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/07 ,  H01S3/091 ,  H01S3/0915 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/23 ,  H01S3/30

    CPC classification number: H01S3/094003 ,  H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/06737 ,  H01S3/094007 ,  H01S3/094019 ,  H01S3/094069

    Abstract: A pair of small diameter optical fibers are arranged in a side-by-side configuration, the first fiber providing a pumping source, and the second fiber doped with a material which will lase at the signal frequency. The signal to be amplified propagates through the second fiber to stimulate emission of coherent light from the lasing material, resulting in amplification of the signal. The refractive index of the first and second fibers are selected such that the signal in the second fiber is well guided, while the pumping light in the first fiber is unguided, yielding low losses in the second fiber but high transfer of the pumping light from the first fiber to the second fiber.

    Abstract translation: 一对小直径光纤以并排配置排列，第一光纤提供泵浦源，第二光纤掺杂有以信号频率变化的材料。 待放大的信号通过第二光纤传播，以刺激来自激光材料的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。 选择第一和第二光纤的折射率使得第二光纤中的信号被良好地引导，而第一光纤中的泵浦光未被引导，在第二光纤中产生低损耗，但来自 第一根光纤到第二条光纤。

    Fiber optic amplifier
    9.
    发明授权
    Fiber optic amplifier 失效
    光纤放大器

    公开(公告)号：US4515431A

    公开(公告)日：1985-05-07

    申请号：US407136

    申请日：1982-08-11

    Applicant: Herbert J. Shaw ,  Marvin Chodorow ,  Michel J. F. Digonnet

    Inventor： Herbert J. Shaw ,  Marvin Chodorow ,  Michel J. F. Digonnet

    IPC: G02B6/00 ,  G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/28 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/35 ,  H01S3/0933 ,  H01S3/094 ,  G02B5/172

    CPC classification number: H01S3/094003 ,  G02B6/2821 ,  G02B6/2826 ,  G02B6/283 ,  H01S3/0933 ,  H01S3/094011

    Abstract: An optical fiber bidirectional amplifier includes a pair of small diameter optical fibers, arranged in a side-by-side configuration, the first fiber providing a pumping source and the second fiber doped with a material which will lase at the frequency of the signal to be amplified. The signal to be amplified propagates through the second fiber to stimulate emission of coherent light from the lasing material, resulting in amplification of the signal. The refractive indexes of the first and second fibers are substantially identical, but the coupling characteristic provided by the geometrical relationship between the pair of fibers yields a wavelength dependent coupling efficiency. Specifically, the coupling efficiency at the wavelength of the pumping source is relatively high, while the coupling efficiency at the wavelength of the signal to be amplified is relatively low. Thus, the pumping illumination is coupled from the first fiber to the second fiber to stimulate the doping material in the second fiber, while the signal to be amplified remains relatively uncoupled, and is amplified by the coherent light emitted by the lasing material.

    Abstract translation: 光纤双向放大器包括一对并排配置的小直径光纤，第一光纤提供泵浦源，第二光纤掺杂有将以信号频率变化的材料 放大 待放大的信号通过第二光纤传播，以刺激来自激光材料的相干光的发射，导致信号的放大。 第一和第二纤维的折射率基本上相同，但由一对纤维之间的几何关系提供的耦合特性产生了与波长相关的耦合效率。 具体地说，在泵浦源的波长处的耦合效率相对较高，而要放大的信号的波长的耦合效率相对较低。 因此，泵浦照明从第一光纤耦合到第二光纤以刺激第二光纤中的掺杂材料，而待放大的信号保持相对不耦合，并且由激光材料发射的相干光放大。

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