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1.发明授权Video imaging system including a digital image sensor and a digital signal processor 有权视频成像系统包括数字图像传感器和数字信号处理器公开(公告)号：US07483058B1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-27
申请号：US10634302
申请日：2003-08-04
申请人： Michael Frank , Ricardo J. Motta , Justin Reyneri , David Xiao Dong Yang , William R. Bidermann , Odutola Oluseye Ewedemi
发明人： Michael Frank , Ricardo J. Motta , Justin Reyneri , David Xiao Dong Yang , William R. Bidermann , Odutola Oluseye Ewedemi
IPC分类号： H04N5/228
CPC分类号： H04N5/3355 , H04N5/232
摘要： A video imaging system includes a digital image sensor for performing image capture operations and a digital image processor for performing image processing operations. The digital image sensor includes a sensor array outputting digital pixel data, an image buffer for storing the pixel data, a first processor and a first interface circuit for transferring the pixel data onto a pixel bus. The digital image processor includes a second interface circuit coupled to receive the pixel data from the pixel bus, a frame buffer coupled to store the pixel data, an image processing pipeline for processing the pixel data stored in the frame buffer into video data, and a second processor. The digital image sensor and the digital image processor transfer control information over a control interface bus and the digital image sensor performs the image capture operations independent of the image processing operations performed by the digital image processor.
摘要翻译： 视频成像系统包括用于执行图像捕获操作的数字图像传感器和用于执行图像处理操作的数字图像处理器。 数字图像传感器包括输出数字像素数据的传感器阵列，用于存储像素数据的图像缓冲器，用于将像素数据传送到像素总线的第一处理器和第一接口电路。 数字图像处理器包括耦合以从像素总线接收像素数据的第二接口电路，耦合以存储像素数据的帧缓冲器，用于将存储在帧缓冲器中的像素数据处理为视频数据的图像处理流水线，以及 第二处理器。 数字图像传感器和数字图像处理器通过控制接口总线和数字图像传感器传送控制信息执行与数字图像处理器执行的图像处理操作无关的图像捕获操作。
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2.发明授权Digital CMOS image sensor incorporating a programmable multi-functional lookup table 有权包含可编程多功能查找表的数字CMOS图像传感器公开(公告)号：US07362355B1
公开(公告)日：2008-04-22
申请号：US10634339
申请日：2003-08-04
申请人： David Xiao Dong Yang , Michael Frank , Odutola Oluseye Ewedemi , William R. Bidermann , Ricardo J. Motta , Justin Reyneri , Hui Tian
发明人： David Xiao Dong Yang , Michael Frank , Odutola Oluseye Ewedemi , William R. Bidermann , Ricardo J. Motta , Justin Reyneri , Hui Tian
IPC分类号： H04N5/235
CPC分类号： H04N5/378 , H04N5/3575 , H04N5/361 , H04N5/367
摘要： A system-on-chip imaging system includes an image sensor of a two-dimensional array of pixel elements providing pixel data representing an image of a scene, a data memory for storing pixel codewords whereby at least some of the pixel codewords are indicative of the pixel data, a programmable lookup table for providing LUT codewords as output data, and a processing unit for receiving LUT codewords from the lookup table and generating output image data. In operation, a first pixel codeword stored in the data memory is used to index the lookup table for causing the lookup table to provide a respective LUT codeword to the processing unit. The processing unit operates to perform one or more image processing functions in response to the LUT codeword. The lookup table can be programmed to perform a variety of image processing functions, including defective pixel correction, CDS subtraction, privacy masking and dark signal subtraction.
摘要翻译： 片上系统成像系统包括提供表示场景图像的像素数据的二维阵列阵列的图像传感器，用于存储像素码字的数据存储器，其中至少一些像素码字指示 像素数据，用于提供LUT码字作为输出数据的可编程查找表，以及用于从查找表接收LUT码字并产生输出图像数据的处理单元。 在操作中，存储在数据存储器中的第一像素码字用于索引查找表，以使查找表向处理单元提供相应的LUT码字。 处理单元操作以响应于LUT码字执行一个或多个图像处理功能。 可以对查找表进行编程，以执行各种图像处理功能，包括缺陷像素校正，CDS减法，隐私掩蔽和暗信号相减。
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3.发明授权Multi-channel bit-serial analog-to-digital converter with reduced channel circuitry 有权具有减少通道电路的多通道位串行模数转换器公开(公告)号：US06693575B1
公开(公告)日：2004-02-17
申请号：US10150553
申请日：2002-05-17
IPC分类号： H03M112
摘要： A multi-channel bit-serial analog-to-digital converter with reduced channel circuitry is described herein in which a one-bit comparator circuit is split between a first part located within an input channel and a second part located outside the input channel. The external part of the comparator and the one-bit latch are shared by a plurality of input channels. In the preferred embodiment, a two-dimensional sensor array of pixel elements is fabricated in a single integrated circuit. Each of the pixel elements is an input channel which comprises a photodetector and the front-end part of the one-bit comparator. The external part of the comparator and the one-bit latch are formed in the periphery of the sensor array and are shared by a group of pixel elements, such as a column of pixel elements. In one embodiment, by connecting the output of an inverter to the control signal terminal of the comparator, the comparator can also be used as a buffer for analog readout. This creates an analog read port for minimum amount of circuitry increase.
摘要翻译： 本文描述了具有减少的信道电路的多通道位串行模数转换器，其中一位比较器电路在位于输入通道内的第一部分和位于输入通道外部的第二部分之间分开。 比较器的外部部分和一位锁存器由多个输入通道共享。 在优选实施例中，在单个集成电路中制造像素元件的二维传感器阵列。 每个像素元件是包括光电检测器和一位比较器的前端部分的输入通道。 比较器的外部部分和一位锁存器形成在传感器阵列的外围，并被一组像素元件共享，诸如像素元件列。 在一个实施例中，通过将反相器的输出连接到比较器的控制信号端，比较器也可以用作模拟读出的缓冲器。 这将创建一个模拟读取端口，以最小化电路数量。
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公开(公告)号：US06310571B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-30
申请号：US09823443
申请日：2001-03-30
IPC分类号： H03M138
摘要： A circuit includes an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter for multiplexing between a number of analog input signals and converting the selected analog input signals to a digital code representation. The A/D converter includes a comparator having a first input terminal connected to receive the first signal having a number of levels, a second input terminal connected to receive a multiple number of analog input signals, and a third input terminal for receiving a multiple number of input select signals. The comparator includes a multiplexer coupling the multiple number of analog input signals to a multiple number of corresponding input signal paths. The multiplexer selects one of the multiple number of input signal paths based on the multiple number of input select signals. In one embodiment, the A/D converter is applied in a digital image sensor for performing pixel-level analog-to-digital conversion using a multi-channel bit serial ADC technique.
摘要翻译： 电路包括用于在多个模拟输入信号之间进行复用并将所选择的模拟输入信号转换为数字码表示的模拟（A / D）转换器。 A / D转换器包括比较器，其具有被连接以接收具有多个电平的第一信号的第一输入端，被连接以接收多个模拟输入信号的第二输入端，以及用于接收多个数的第三输入端 的输入选择信号。 比较器包括将多个模拟输入信号耦合到多个对应的输入信号路径的多路复用器。 多路复用器根据多个输入选择信号选择多个输入信号路径中的一个。 在一个实施例中，A / D转换器应用于数字图像传感器中，用于使用多通道位串行ADC技术进行像素级模数转换。
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公开(公告)号：US06970195B1
公开(公告)日：2005-11-29
申请号：US09909528
申请日：2001-07-20
CPC分类号： H04N1/00307 , H04N5/232 , H04N5/235 , H04N7/142 , H04N2201/0068
摘要： An image sensor includes a sensor array including a two-dimensional array of pixel elements. The array of pixel elements includes a first group of photodetectors having a first sensitivity level and a second group of photodetectors having a second sensitivity level. The sensor array outputs digital signals as pixel data representing an image of a scene. In operation, the first group of photodetectors generates the output signals after a first exposure time and the second group of photodetectors generates the output signals after a second exposure time, where the first exposure time and the second exposure time are within a snapshot of the scene and the first exposure time is different than the second exposure time. When thus operated, the image sensor of the present invention provides improved color reproduction capability and improved signal to noise ratio, especially for the less sensitive photosensitive elements.
摘要翻译： 图像传感器包括包括像素元件的二维阵列的传感器阵列。 像素元件的阵列包括具有第一灵敏度级别的第一组光电检测器和具有第二灵敏度级别的第二组光电检测器。 传感器阵列输出数字信号作为表示场景图像的像素数据。 在操作中，第一组光电检测器在第一曝光时间之后产生输出信号，第二组光电检测器在第二曝光时间之后产生输出信号，其中第一曝光时间和第二曝光时间在场景的快照内 并且第一曝光时间不同于第二曝光时间。 当这样操作时，本发明的图像传感器提供了改善的色彩再现能力和改善的信噪比，特别是对于较不敏感的感光元件。
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公开(公告)号：US06518909B1
公开(公告)日：2003-02-11
申请号：US09965600
申请日：2001-09-25
IPC分类号： H03M138
摘要： A circuit includes an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter for multiplexing between a number of analog input signals and converting the selected analog input signals to a digital code representation. The A/D converter includes a comparator having a first input terminal connected to receive the first signal having a number of levels, a second input terminal connected to receive a multiple number of analog input signals, and a third input terminal for receiving a multiple number of input select signals. The comparator includes a multiplexer coupling the multiple number of analog input signals to a multiple number of corresponding input signal paths. The multiplexer selects one of the multiple number of input signal paths based on the multiple number of input select signals. In one embodiment, the A/D converter is applied in a digital image sensor for performing pixel-level analog-to-digital conversion using a multi-channel bit serial ADC technique.
摘要翻译： 电路包括用于在多个模拟输入信号之间进行复用并将所选择的模拟输入信号转换为数字码表示的模拟（A / D）转换器。 A / D转换器包括比较器，其具有被连接以接收具有多个电平的第一信号的第一输入端，被连接以接收多个模拟输入信号的第二输入端，以及用于接收多个数的第三输入端 的输入选择信号。 比较器包括将多个模拟输入信号耦合到多个对应的输入信号路径的多路复用器。 多路复用器根据多个输入选择信号选择多个输入信号路径中的一个。 在一个实施例中，A / D转换器应用于数字图像传感器中，用于使用多通道位串行ADC技术进行像素级模数转换。
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公开(公告)号：US06737626B1
公开(公告)日：2004-05-18
申请号：US09923274
申请日：2001-08-06
IPC分类号： H01L2700
CPC分类号： H01L27/14609 , H01L27/14623 , H01L27/14627 , H01L27/1463
摘要： An integrated image sensor having a conditioned top silicon oxide layer and/or one or more additional insulating layers/structures to reduce optical and/or electrical noise. The image sensor has an array of one or more pixels, each pixel having a photoelement formed on a substrate and configured to generate an electrical signal in response to incident light, and associated circuitry formed on the substrate and configured to process the electrical signal generated in the photoelement. In one embodiment, a portion of a top insulating layer in the integrated image sensor corresponding to each photoelement has a thickness different from the thickness of a portion of the top insulating layer corresponding to its associated circuitry to inhibit the flow of light between the associated circuitry and the photoelement and/or between the pixel and an adjacent pixel in the array. In another embodiment, the image sensor has one or more insulating structures formed on the substrate and configured to inhibit the flow of electricity between a photoelement and its associated circuitry and/or the pixel and an adjacent pixel in the array. The present invention can reduce optical and/or electrical noise and crosstalk to improve image quality and diminish artifacts in the image sensor's output.
摘要翻译： 具有经调理的顶部氧化硅层和/或一个或多个附加绝缘层/结构的集成图像传感器，以减少光学和/或电气噪声。 图像传感器具有一个或多个像素的阵列，每个像素具有形成在衬底上并被配置为响应于入射光产生电信号的光电元件，以及形成在衬底上的相关电路，并被配置为处理在 光电元件。 在一个实施例中，对应于每个光电元件的集成图像传感器中的顶部绝缘层的一部分具有不同于与其相关电路对应的顶部绝缘层的一部分的厚度的厚度，以抑制相关电路之间的光流 和像素与阵列中的相邻像素之间和/或像素之间。 在另一个实施例中，图像传感器具有形成在衬底上的一个或多个绝缘结构，并且被配置为抑制光电元件及其相关联的电路和/或阵列中的像素和相邻像素之间的电流。 本发明可以减少光学和/或电噪声和串扰，以改善图像质量并减少图像传感器输出中的伪影。
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公开(公告)号：US07973846B2
公开(公告)日：2011-07-05
申请号：US12043897
申请日：2008-03-06
CPC分类号： H04N5/35572 , H04N5/37455
摘要： An image capture method in a digital image sensor implements a continuous sampling technique with a massively parallel thermometer-code analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) technique to generate pixel data having an intrinsic to an ultra-high dynamic range. In one embodiment, the method includes, after an initial exposure period, sampling pixel intensity values at the pixel elements of an image sensor at multiple sampling intervals within a snapshot of a scene; providing an analog reference voltage corresponding to a decrementing digital count value; and comparing the pixel intensity values to the analog reference voltage at each of the multiple sampling intervals. If the pixel intensity value of a first pixel element is less than the analog reference voltage at a first exposure time, an output signal having a first value is generated and the digital count value is recorded as pixel data associated with the first pixel element.
摘要翻译： 数字图像传感器中的图像捕获方法采用大规模并行的温度计代码模数转换（ADC）技术来实现连续采样技术，以生成具有超高动态范围内在的像素数据。 在一个实施例中，该方法包括：在初始曝光周期之后，在场景的快照内以多个采样间隔对图像传感器的像素元素采样像素强度值; 提供对应于递减数字计数值的模拟参考电压; 以及在所述多个采样间隔的每一个处比较所述像素强度值与所述模拟参考电压。 如果第一像素元素的像素强度值在第一曝光时间小于模拟参考电压，则产生具有第一值的输出信号，并将数字计数值记录为与第一像素元素相关联的像素数据。
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公开(公告)号：US20080158400A1
公开(公告)日：2008-07-03
申请号：US12043897
申请日：2008-03-06
IPC分类号： H04N3/14
CPC分类号： H04N5/35572 , H04N5/37455
摘要： An image capture method in a digital image sensor implements a continuous sampling technique with a massively parallel thermometer-code analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) technique to generate pixel data having an intrinsic to an ultra-high dynamic range. In one embodiment, the method includes, after an initial exposure period, sampling pixel intensity values at the pixel elements of an image sensor at multiple sampling intervals within a snapshot of a scene; providing an analog reference voltage corresponding to a decrementing digital count value; and comparing the pixel intensity values to the analog reference voltage at each of the multiple sampling intervals. If the pixel intensity value of a first pixel element is less than the analog reference voltage at a first exposure time, an output signal having a first value is generated and the digital count value is recorded as pixel data associated with the first pixel element.
摘要翻译： 数字图像传感器中的图像捕获方法采用大规模并行的温度计代码模数转换（ADC）技术来实现连续采样技术，以生成具有超高动态范围内在的像素数据。 在一个实施例中，该方法包括：在初始曝光周期之后，在场景的快照内以多个采样间隔对图像传感器的像素元素采样像素强度值; 提供对应于递减数字计数值的模拟参考电压; 以及在所述多个采样间隔的每一个处比较所述像素强度值与所述模拟参考电压。 如果第一像素元素的像素强度值在第一曝光时间小于模拟参考电压，则产生具有第一值的输出信号，并将数字计数值记录为与第一像素元素相关联的像素数据。
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公开(公告)号：US07362365B1
公开(公告)日：2008-04-22
申请号：US10185584
申请日：2002-06-26
CPC分类号： H04N5/35572 , H04N5/37455
摘要： An image capture method in a digital image sensor implements a continuous sampling technique with a massively parallel thermometer-code analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) technique to generate pixel data having an intrinsic to an ultra-high dynamic range. In one embodiment, the method includes, after an initial exposure period, sampling pixel intensity values at the pixel elements of an image sensor at multiple exposure times within a snapshot of a scene; providing an analog reference voltage corresponding to a decrementing digital count value; and comparing the pixel intensity values to the analog reference voltage at each of the multiple exposure times. If the pixel intensity value of a first pixel element is less than the analog reference voltage at a first exposure time, an output signal having a first value is generated and the digital count value is recorded as pixel data associated with the first pixel element.
摘要翻译： 数字图像传感器中的图像捕获方法采用大规模并行的温度计代码模数转换（ADC）技术来实现连续采样技术，以生成具有超高动态范围内在的像素数据。 在一个实施例中，该方法包括：在初始曝光周期之后，在场景快照内的多个曝光时间，对图像传感器的像素元素进行采样像素强度值; 提供对应于递减数字计数值的模拟参考电压; 以及在所述多个曝光时间中的每一个处将所述像素强度值与所述模拟参考电压进行比较。 如果第一像素元素的像素强度值在第一曝光时间小于模拟参考电压，则产生具有第一值的输出信号，并将数字计数值记录为与第一像素元素相关联的像素数据。
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