公开(公告)号：US20050083050A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-21

申请号：US10935037

申请日：2004-09-07

申请人： Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Eric Hill ,  Vladimir Zilberstein

发明人： Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Eric Hill ,  Vladimir Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01M17/02

CPC分类号： G01N27/82

摘要： Pressurized elastic support structures or balloons are used to press flexible sensors against the surface a material under test. Rigid support elements can also be incorporated into the inspection devices to maintain the basic shape of the inspection structure and to facilitate positioning of the sensors near the test material surface. The rigid supports can have the approximate shape of the test material surface or the pressurization of one or more balloons can be used to conform the sensor to the shape of the test material surface.

摘要翻译： 使用加压的弹性支撑结构或气球将柔性传感器压在表面上，以测试被测材料。 也可以将刚性支撑元件结合到检查装置中，以维持检查结构的基本形状并且便于传感器在测试材料表面附近的定位。 刚性支撑件可以具有测试材料表面的近似形状，或者可以使用一个或多个气囊的加压使传感器与测试材料表面的形状相一致。

公开(公告)号：US20070120561A1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-31

申请号：US11522628

申请日：2006-09-18

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Material condition monitoring may be performed by electromagnetic sensors and sensor arrays mounted to the material surface. The sensors typically have a periodic winding or electrode structure that creates a periodic sensing field when driven by an electrical signal. The sensors can be thin and flexible so that they conform to the surface of the test material. They can also be mounted such that they do not significantly modify the environmental exposure conditions for the test material, such as by creating stand-off gaps between the sensor and material surface or by perforating the sensor substrate.

公开(公告)号：US20050007106A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-13

申请号：US10853009

申请日：2004-05-24

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Ian Shay ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Ian Shay ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Root ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  David Grundy ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/72

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046 ,  G01N27/82

摘要： Combined wound and micro-fabricated winding constructs are described for the inspection of materials and the detection and characterization of hidden features or flaws. These constructs can be configured as sensors or sensor arrays that are surface mounted or scanned over conducting and/or magnetizable test materials. The well-defined geometry obtained micro-fabricated windings and from carefully wound coils with known winding positions permits the use of model based inversions of sensed responses into material properties. In a preferred embodiment, the primary winding is a wound coil and the sense elements are etched or printed. The drive or sense windings can also be mounted under fasteners to improve sensitivity to hidden flaws. Ferrites and other means may be used to guide the magnetic flux and enhance the magnetic field in the test material.

摘要翻译： 描述了组合伤口和微制造的缠绕结构，用于材料的检查和隐藏特征或缺陷的检测和表征。 这些结构可以配置为在导电和/或可磁化测试材料上进行表面安装或扫描的传感器或传感器阵列。 精确定义的几何形状获得微制造的绕组和从已知缠绕位置的小心缠绕的线圈允许使用基于模型的感测响应的反演到材料特性中。 在优选实施例中，初级绕组是缠绕线圈，并且感测元件被蚀刻或印刷。 驱动或感测绕组也可以安装在紧固件下，以提高对隐藏缺陷的敏感性。 可以使用铁氧体等手段来引导磁通量并增强测试材料中的磁场。

公开(公告)号：US20070114993A1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-24

申请号：US11292146

申请日：2005-11-30

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Ian Shay ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Ian Shay ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Vladimir Tsukernik

IPC分类号： G01R33/12

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Described are methods for monitoring of stresses and other material properties. These methods use measurements of effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability and electrical conductivity, to infer the state of the test material, such as the stress, temperature, or overload condition. The sensors, which can be single element sensors or sensor arrays, can be used to periodically inspect selected locations, mounted to the test material, or scanned over the test material to generate two-dimensional images of the material properties. Magnetic field or eddy current based inductive and giant magnetoresistive sensors may be used on magnetizable and/or conducting materials, while capacitive sensors can be used for dielectric materials. Methods are also described for the use of state-sensitive layers to determine the state of materials of interest. These methods allow the weight of articles, such as aircraft, to be determined.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于监测应力和其他材料性质的方法。 这些方法使用诸如磁导率和电导率之类的有效电性能的测量来推断测试材料的状态，例如应力，温度或过载条件。 可以使用可以是单元件传感器或传感器阵列的传感器来周期性地检查安装到测试材料上的选定位置，或者在测试材料上扫描以产生材料特性的二维图像。 基于磁场或涡电流的感应和巨磁阻传感器可用于可磁化和/或导电材料，而电容传感器可用于介电材料。 还描述了使用状态敏感层来确定感兴趣的材料的状态的方法。 这些方法允许确定诸如飞机的物品的重量。

公开(公告)号：US20050127908A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-16

申请号：US10963482

申请日：2004-10-12

申请人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay

发明人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  David Grundy ,  Robert Lyons ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Ian Shay

IPC分类号： G01N27/02 ,  G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/023 ,  G01N27/9046

摘要： Methods and apparatus are described for absolute electrical property measurement of materials. This is accomplished with magnetic and electric field based sensors and sensor array geometries that can be modeled accurately and with impedance instrumentation that permits accurate measurements of the in-phase and quadrature phase signal components. A dithering calibration method is also described which allows the measurement to account for background material noise variations. Methods are also described for accounting for noise factors in sensor design and selection of the optimal operating conditions which can minimize the error bounds for material property estimates. Example application of these methods to automated engine disk slot inspection and assessment of the mechanical condition of dielectric materials are presented.

摘要翻译： 对材料的绝对电气性能测量方法和设备进行了描述。 这是通过基于磁场和电场的传感器和传感器阵列几何形状来实现的，其可以被精确地建模并且具有允许精确测量同相和正交相位信号分量的阻抗测量。 还描述了抖动校准方法，其允许测量考虑背景材料噪声变化。 还描述了用于考虑传感器设计中的噪声因子和选择可以最小化材料性能估计的误差界限的最佳操作条件的方法。 介绍了将这些方法应用于自动化引擎盘槽检查和评估介电材料的机械状态。

公开(公告)号：US20050171703A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-04

申请号：US11036780

申请日：2005-01-14

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher Craven ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Karen Walrath ,  Robert Lyons

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Vladimir Zilberstein ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Volker Weiss ,  Christopher Craven ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Karen Walrath ,  Robert Lyons

IPC分类号： G01N27/90 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/9013

摘要： Methods are described for assessing material condition. These methods include the use of multiple source fields for interrogating and loading of a multicomponent test material. Source fields include electric, magnetic, thermal, and acoustic fields. The loading field preferentially changes the material properties of a component of the test material, which allows the properties of the component materials to be separated. Methods are also described for monitoring changes in material state using separate drive and sense electrodes with some of the electrodes positioned on a hidden or even embedded material surface. Statistical characterization of the material condition is performed with sensor arrays that provide multiple responses for the material condition during loading. The responses can be combined into a statistical population that permits tracking with respect to loading history. Methods are also described for measuring the stress in the material by independently estimating effective electrical properties, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, using layered models or predetermined spatial distributions with depth that are then correlated with the stress.

摘要翻译： 描述了评估材料状况的方法。 这些方法包括使用多个源字段来询问和加载多组分测试材料。 源场包括电，磁，热和声场。 加载场优先改变测试材料的组分的材料性质，这允许分离组分材料的性质。 还描述了用于使用单独的驱动和感测电极来监测材料状态的变化的方法，其中一些电极位于隐藏的或甚至嵌入的材料表面上。 使用传感器阵列进行材料状态的统计表征，这些传感器阵列在加载期间为材料状态提供多个响应。 响应可以组合成允许跟踪加载历史的统计数据。 还描述了通过使用分层模型或具有深度的预定空间分布独立地估计有效电特性（例如磁导率或导电性）来测量材料中的应力的方法，然后与应力相关联。

公开(公告)号：US20060082366A1

公开(公告)日：2006-04-20

申请号：US11071051

申请日：2005-03-02

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Zilberstein

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Karen Walrath ,  Volker Weiss ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Vladimir Zilberstein

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/72 ,  G01B7/24 ,  G01B7/34 ,  G01N27/90 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01R33/12

摘要： Inductive sensors measure the near surface properties of conducting and magnetic material. A sensor may have primary windings with parallel extended winding segments to impose a spatially periodic magnetic field in a test material. Those extended portions may be formed by adjacent portions of individual drive coils. Sensing elements provided every other half wavelength may be connected together in series while the sensing elements in adjacent half wavelengths are spatially offset. Certain sensors include circular segments which create a circularly symmetric magnetic field that is periodic in the radial direction. Such sensors are particularly adapted to surround fasteners to detect cracks and can be mounted beneath a fastener head. In another sensor, sensing windings are offset along the length of parallel winding segments to provide material measurements over different locations when the circuit is scanned over the test material. The distance from the sensing elements to the ends of the primary winding may be kept constant as the offset space in between sensing elements is varied. An image of the material properties can be provided as the sensor is scanned across the material.

摘要翻译： 感应传感器测量导电和磁性材料的近表面性质。 传感器可以具有平行延伸的绕组段的初级绕组，以在测试材料中施加空间周期的磁场。 这些延伸部分可以由各个驱动线圈的相邻部分形成。 每隔一半波长提供的感测元件可以串联连接在一起，而相邻半波长中的感测元件在空间上偏移。 某些传感器包括产生在径向周期性的圆形对称磁场的圆形段。 这种传感器特别适于围绕紧固件以检测裂缝并且可以安装在紧固件头部下方。 在另一个传感器中，感测绕组沿着平行绕组段的长度偏移，以便在电路扫描测试材料时，通过不同位置提供材料测量。 当感测元件之间的偏移空间变化时，从感测元件到初级绕组的端部的距离可以保持恒定。 当传感器跨越材料扫描时，可以提供材料特性的图像。

公开(公告)号：US20060244443A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-02

申请号：US11343741

申请日：2006-01-30

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Robert Lyons ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Craven ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  David Grundy

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Yanko Sheiretov ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Robert Lyons ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Christopher Craven ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  David Grundy

IPC分类号： G01N27/72

CPC分类号： G01N27/9046

摘要： Eddy current sensors and sensor arrays are used for process quality and material condition assessment of conducting materials. In an embodiment, changes in spatially registered high resolution images taken before and after cold work processing reflect the quality of the process, such as intensity and coverage. These images also permit the suppression or removal of local outlier variations. Anisotropy in a material property, such as magnetic permeability or electrical conductivity, can be intentionally introduced and used to assess material condition resulting from an operation, such as a cold work or heat treatment. The anisotropy is determined by sensors that provide directional property measurements. The sensor directionality arises from constructs that use a linear conducting drive segment to impose the magnetic field in a test material. Maintaining the orientation of this drive segment, and associated sense elements, relative to a material edge provides enhanced sensitivity for crack detection at edges.

摘要翻译： 涡流传感器和传感器阵列用于导电材料的工艺质量和材料状况评估。 在一个实施例中，在冷加工处理之前和之后拍摄的空间注册的高分辨率图像的变化反映了过程的质量，例如强度和覆盖。 这些图像还允许抑制或去除局部异常值变化。 可以有意地引入材料性质的各向异性，例如磁导率或电导率，以用于评估由诸如冷加工或热处理的操作引起的材料状况。 各向异性由提供定向性质测量的传感器确定。 传感器方向性来自使用线性传导驱动段将磁场施加在测试材料中的结构。 维持该驱动段和相关感测元件相对于材料边缘的方向为边缘处的裂纹检测提供了增强的灵敏度。

公开(公告)号：US20070272042A1

公开(公告)日：2007-11-29

申请号：US11715288

申请日：2007-03-07

申请人： Neil Goldfine ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Todd Dunford ,  Andrew Washabaugh

发明人： Neil Goldfine ,  Mark Windoloski ,  Vladimir Tsukernik ,  Darrell Schlicker ,  Todd Dunford ,  Andrew Washabaugh

IPC分类号： G01M19/00

CPC分类号： G01B7/285

摘要： A set of curved components, such as the dovetail region of engine blades, are inspected by mounting each component into a circular carousel in a vertical orientation and rotating the carousel to move each component toward and away from an inspection site. The inspection site clamps a flexible eddy current sensor array to the curved material surface, scans the array over the surface, records the sensor position. A rigid element having a surface geometry similar to the surface shape of the component can be attached to the component to facilitate scanning of the sensor array over a component edge. The response of each sense element in the array may be converted into an effective material property and sense element proximity to the component material surface to verify the quality of the inspection scan and the presence of a defect such as a crack.

摘要翻译： 通过将垂直方向上的每个部件安装到圆形转盘中并旋转圆盘传送带以使每个部件朝向和离开检查部位移动，来检查一组弯曲部件，例如发动机叶片的燕尾形区域。 检查部位将柔性涡流传感器阵列夹在弯曲的材料表面，扫描阵列在表面上，记录传感器的位置。 具有类似于部件的表面形状的表面几何形状的刚性元件可以附接到部件上以便于在部件边缘上扫描传感器阵列。 阵列中的每个感测元件的响应可以被转换成有效的材料性质和感测元件接近组件材料表面以验证检查扫描的质量和存在诸如裂纹的缺陷。

公开(公告)号：US20060186880A1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-24

申请号：US11408290

申请日：2006-04-20

申请人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Karen Walrath ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski

发明人： Darrell Schlicker ,  Neil Goldfine ,  Andrew Washabaugh ,  Karen Walrath ,  Ian Shay ,  David Grundy ,  Mark Windoloski

IPC分类号： G01N27/82

CPC分类号： G01N27/9033 ,  G01N27/82 ,  G01N27/902 ,  G01N27/904

摘要： An automated drawing tool and a method for drawing a sensor layout. A sensor is drawn by selecting a sensor family, each sensor of the sensor family having at least one drive element to impose a magnetic field in a test material when driven by an electric signal, and at least one sense element for sensing a response of the test material. A set of layout rules are associated with the sensor family and are used in determining a sensor-layout. The automated drawing tool processes input information and the layout rules, for the sensor family, to automatically draw the sensor.

摘要翻译： 自动绘图工具和绘制传感器布局的方法。 通过选择传感器系列来绘制传感器，传感器系列的每个传感器具有至少一个驱动元件，以在由电信号驱动时在测试材料中施加磁场，以及至少一个感测元件，用于感测 测试材料。 一组布局规则与传感器系列相关联，并用于确定传感器布局。 自动绘图工具处理输入信息和传感器系列的布局规则，自动绘制传感器。