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    Polymer dispersed liquid crystal material having an extended wave-length response
    1.
    发明授权
    Polymer dispersed liquid crystal material having an extended wave-length response 失效
    具有延长波长响应的聚合物分散液晶材料

    公开(公告)号：US5211876A

    公开(公告)日：1993-05-18

    申请号：US546290

    申请日：1990-06-29

    申请人： Nuno A. Vaz ,  Thomas H. Van Steenkiste ,  George W. Smith ,  George P. Montgomery, Jr.

    发明人： Nuno A. Vaz ,  Thomas H. Van Steenkiste ,  George W. Smith ,  George P. Montgomery, Jr.

    IPC分类号： C09K19/54 ,  G02F1/1334

    CPC分类号： C09K19/544 ,  G02F1/1334

    摘要： Liquid crystal films are potentially useful for automotive displays and for automotive windows and sunroofs with variable optical transmission. The present invention provides a liquid crystal material having an extended wavelength response and a method for making the same. The size of the liquid crystal microdroplets within the material are controlled such that a polydisperse liquid crystal film is formed. Controlling the curing parameters during the cure of a supersaturated mixture of liquid crystal in polymer precursor allows for the fabrication of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal material containing a multimodal distribution of microdroplet sizes which provides a film acting as both as a visible light shutter and a strong scattered of infrared radiation.

    摘要翻译： 液晶膜对于汽车显示器和具有可变光传输的汽车窗户和天窗来说是潜在的。 本发明提供一种具有延长的波长响应的液晶材料及其制造方法。 控制材料内的液晶微滴的尺寸，使得形成多分散液晶膜。 在固化聚合物前体中的液晶的过饱和混合物期间控制固化参数允许制备聚合物分散的液晶材料，其包含微滴尺寸的多峰分布，其提供作为可见光快门的薄膜和 强散射的红外辐射。

    Polymer dispersed liquid crystal films having improved optical performance
    2.
    发明授权
    Polymer dispersed liquid crystal films having improved optical performance 失效
    具有改善的光学性能的聚合物分散液晶膜

    公开(公告)号：US5225104A

    公开(公告)日：1993-07-06

    申请号：US668010

    申请日：1991-03-12

    申请人： Thomas H. Van Steenkiste ,  Nuno A. Vaz ,  George P. Montgomery, Jr. ,  George W. Smith

    发明人： Thomas H. Van Steenkiste ,  Nuno A. Vaz ,  George P. Montgomery, Jr. ,  George W. Smith

    IPC分类号： C09K19/54 ,  G02F1/1334

    CPC分类号： G02F1/1334 ,  C09K19/544

    摘要： A film of a polymer dispersed liquid crystal material having improved light scattering and solar attenuation properties, which utilizes a significantly reduced amount of the liquid crystal component as compared to conventional polymer dispersed liquid crystal films, is provided. These improved properties are obtained by the addition of preferably up to about three volume percent of an organic photoaccelerator chosen from the group of amines or aminobenzoates, to the liquid crystal-polymer precursor mixture prior to curing of the mixture.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种具有改进的光散射和太阳衰减特性的聚合物分散液晶材料的薄膜，其与传统的聚合物分散液晶膜相比利用显着减少的液晶组分量。 这些改进的性能是通过在固化混合物之前向液晶聚合物前体混合物中加入优选最多约3体积％的选自胺或氨基苯甲酸酯的有机光加速剂获得的。

    Polymer dispersed liquid crystal film devices, and method of forming the same
    3.
    发明授权
    Polymer dispersed liquid crystal film devices, and method of forming the same 失效
    聚合物分散液晶膜器件及其形成方法

    公开(公告)号：US4938568A

    公开(公告)日：1990-07-03

    申请号：US141033

    申请日：1988-01-05

    申请人： John D. Margerum ,  Anna M. Lackner ,  Elena Ramos ,  George W. Smith ,  Nuno A. Vaz ,  James L. Kohler ,  Charles R. Allison

    发明人： John D. Margerum ,  Anna M. Lackner ,  Elena Ramos ,  George W. Smith ,  Nuno A. Vaz ,  James L. Kohler ,  Charles R. Allison

    IPC分类号： C09K19/54 ,  G02F1/1334

    CPC分类号： G02F1/1334 ,  C09K19/544 ,  Y10S359/90

    摘要： A method of forming a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film is disclosed which consists of forming a solution of LC dissolved in a monomer, photopolymerizing the solution to form a film having a dispersion of LC bubbles therein, establishing a correlation between the LC bubble size and selected characteristics of the film, selecting a LC bubble size corresponding to desired film characteristics, and controlling the conditions of photopolymerization to achieve said LC bubble size. The LC bubble size is controlled by means of the UV exposure intensity, exposure temperature, exposure wavelength, LC concentration and/or concentration of polymerization initiator. Correlations are noted between LC bubble size and the resulting film's threshold and operating voltages for optical transmission, contrast ratio, absolute transmissivity and electro-optical response times. Special types of films, including in situ gratings and holograms, are obtained by periodically varying the conditions of polymerization over the film to produce a corresponding periodic spatial variation in the LC bubble size; different processes used to achieve this result are noted. Films with LC bubbles in a new size regime that significantly decreases the operating voltage threshold, and with gradients in the bubble size, are also disclosed.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种形成聚合物分散液晶（PDLC）膜的方法，该方法由形成溶解在单体中的LC溶液组成，使该溶液光聚合以形成其中具有LC气泡分散的膜，从而建立LC气泡之间的相关性 尺寸和选定的特性，选择对应于期望的膜特性的LC气泡尺寸，以及控制光聚合条件以实现所述LC气泡尺寸。 通过UV曝光强度，曝光温度，曝光波长，LC浓度和/或聚合引发剂的浓度来控制LC气泡尺寸。 在LC气泡尺寸和所得膜的阈值和光透射，对比度，绝对透射率和电光响应时间的工作电压之间存在相关性。 特殊类型的膜，包括原位光栅和全息图，通过周期性地改变膜上的聚合条件来获得LC气泡尺寸中相应的周期性空间变化; 注意到用于实现该结果的不同过程。 还公开了具有显着降低工作电压阈值和气泡尺寸梯度的新尺寸方案中的LC气泡的膜。

    Optical device with dielectric heating
    7.
    发明授权
    Optical device with dielectric heating 失效
    带介质加热的光学器件

    公开(公告)号：US4946263A

    公开(公告)日：1990-08-07

    申请号：US274153

    申请日：1988-11-21

    申请人： Nuno A. Vaz ,  Thomas H. VanSteenkiste ,  George W. Smith

    发明人： Nuno A. Vaz ,  Thomas H. VanSteenkiste ,  George W. Smith

    IPC分类号： G02F1/133 ,  G02F1/1334

    CPC分类号： G02F1/133382 ,  G02F1/1334

    摘要： In an optical device containing material which is dielectric wherein the device is switchable between an inactive relatively opaque state and an activated relatively transparent state in response to the application of a driving electric field of sufficiently low frequency, a problem may arise in that the switching time between the inactive-opaque state and the activated-transparent state is increased and/or the light transmissivity in the activated-transparent state is decreased when the device is at a relatively low temperature. This problem is alleviated by applying a heating electric field of sufficiently high frequency as to heat the dielectric material while not switching the device to the activated-transparent state thereby raising the temperature of the device to decrease the switching time between the inactive-opaque state and the activated-transparent state and/or to increase the light transmissivity in the activated-transparent state. The dielectric material may be a polymer film containing dispersed liquid crystal droplets.

    Moisture removal from visual glass surfaces by dielectric heating
    8.
    发明授权
    Moisture removal from visual glass surfaces by dielectric heating 失效
    通过介电加热从视觉玻璃表面去除水分

    公开(公告)号：US4845329A

    公开(公告)日：1989-07-04

    申请号：US274152

    申请日：1988-11-21

    申请人： Nuno A. Vaz ,  Thomas H. VanSteenkiste ,  George W. Smith

    发明人： Nuno A. Vaz ,  Thomas H. VanSteenkiste ,  George W. Smith

    IPC分类号： B60S1/02 ,  H05B6/54 ,  H05B6/62

    CPC分类号： H05B6/54 ,  B60S1/026 ,  H05B6/62 ,  H05B2214/02

    摘要： In an automotive vehicle having a visual glass pane subject to collecting vision obscuring moisture in the form of ice, frost, mist, fog, etc., apparatus is provided for removing the collected moisture. Specifically, the apparatus comprises a transparent layer of dielectric material underlying the glass pane in heat conducting relationship thereto, and means for producing dielectric heating of the dielectric material to thereby heat the glass and remove the collected moisture. Preferably, the layer of dielectric material is a polymer film and the means for producing dielectric heating includes a pair of transparent electrodes extending over the layer of dielectric material. For ease of fabrication, the pair of electrodes may be interdigitated on the same side of the layer of dielectric material.

    摘要翻译： 在具有视觉玻璃窗的机动车辆中，收集视觉遮挡了冰，霜，雾，雾等形式的水分，提供了用于去除收集的水分的装置。 具体地说，该装置包括与导热关系的玻璃板下面的介电材料的透明层，以及用于产生电介质材料的电介质加热从而加热玻璃并除去收集的水分的装置。 优选地，介电材料层是聚合物膜，并且用于产生电介质加热的装置包括在电介质材料层上延伸的一对透明电极。 为了易于制造，该对电极可以在电介质材料层的同一侧上交错。