公开(公告)号：US3856508A

公开(公告)日：1974-12-24

申请号：US35690573

申请日：1973-05-03

Applicant: OTHMER D

Inventor： OTHMER D

IPC: C21B15/00 ,  C22B21/00

CPC classification number: C22B21/0046 ,  C21B15/006 ,  Y02P10/212

Abstract: Aluminum may be separated as a halide from ores or from ore residues hitherto considered unusable for aluminum production through conventional processing. Aluminum in the ore is converted to a volatile tri-halide, while iron, always present in such ores or ore wastes, is removed as substantially pure metal. Ferric halide may be formed in a first halogenation at about 700*C1050*C. This is treated in a blast furnace-like reactor to the solid residue from the first halogenation, along with carbon, at a temperature up to 1600*C or higher, to give vaporous AlCl3 or AlCl overhead and molten iron from the base. A single reactor may combine both reactions in one heating for ore solids. AlCl may be disproportioned to give aluminum metal. Other selected steps produce an aluminum halide or aluminum metal from clays, feldspars, oil shales, red muds from current aluminum production wastes, slimes from phosphate manufacture, slags from iron and manganese blast furnace operations, etc., while producing economically and almost quantitatively the other metal values of the ores or ore wastes.

Abstract translation: 铝可以作为卤化物从矿石或从迄今为止通过常规加工的铝生产无法使用的矿石残渣中分离出来。 将矿石中的铝转化为挥发性三卤化物，而总是存在于这种矿石或矿石废物中的铁作为基本上纯的金属被除去。 在大约700℃-1050℃下，可以在第一次卤化反应中形成卤化铁。在高达1600℃的温度下，将其在高炉状反应器中与来自第一次卤化的固体残余物一起在碳上进行处理。 或更高，以从底部产生气态AlCl 3或AlCl塔顶馏出物和铁水。 单个反应器可以在一次加热中将两种反应合并用于矿石固体。 AlCl可能不成比例地赋予铝金属。 其他选择的步骤从粘土，长石，油页岩，当前铝生产废物的红泥，磷酸盐制造的泥浆，铁和锰高炉炉渣的炉渣等产生铝卤化物或铝金属，同时经济上和几乎定量地生产 矿石或矿石废物的其他金属价值。

公开(公告)号：US3788476A

公开(公告)日：1974-01-29

申请号：US3788476D

申请日：1971-09-23

Applicant: OTHMER D

Inventor： OTHMER D

IPC: C02F1/72 ,  C02F3/12 ,  C02F9/00 ,  C02F11/08 ,  B01D21/06 ,  B01D21/24

CPC classification number: C02F3/1242 ,  C02F1/72 ,  C02F11/08 ,  C02F2201/001 ,  C02F2301/066 ,  Y02W10/15 ,  Y02W10/30

Abstract: A system is described for removing pollutants of waste waters, including domestic and other sewage, by simultaneous oxidation of organic wastes, both soluble and insoluble, and by sedimentation of insoluble particles causing turbidity. This is essentially a conventional solids-liquid contactor clarifier with some additions to provide means for: (a) addition of air or purer oxygen to sewage waters; (b) pressurizing the sewage water up to 10 atmospheres to increase solubility and concentration of oxygen-hence velocity of chemical and/or aerobic reaction; (c) withdrawing and depressurizing the sewage water to atmospheric pressure to allow most of dissolved gases to be released and to be discharged because of lower solubility for gases at atmospheric pressure; (d) recycling the sewage water for from 2 to 50 times through this pressurizing-depressurizing cycle; and, when used aboard ship, (e) means for installation in the ship''s hold to minimize effects of the ship''s movements on the sedimentation operation. It is particularly useful for smaller installations, for use on ships, and other places where waste from not more than several thousand people is to be handled. It also may be used as a sedimentation system alone wherein insoluble solids are settled out to give a clear effluent. The sludge solids produced in an earlier sedimentation, either with or without oxidation, may be oxidized and sedimented in a separate step in the equipment.

Abstract translation: 描述了通过同时氧化可溶性和不溶性的有机废物以及引起浊度的不溶性颗粒的沉淀来描述用于去除包括家用和其他污水在内的废水污染物的系统。 这基本上是一种常规的固体 - 液体接触器澄清器，具有一些添加物，以提供用于：（a）向污水中添加空气或更纯净的氧气的装置; （b）将污水加压至10个大气压，以提高氧气的溶解度和浓度，从而提高化学和/或需氧反应的速度; （c）将污水排出和减压至大气压，以便大部分溶解气体由于在大气压下对气体的溶解度较低而释放并排放; （d）通过该加压 - 减压循环将污水循环2至50次; 并在船上使用时，（e）安装在船舶上的装置，以尽量减少船舶运动对沉淀作业的影响。 对于较小的安装，用于船舶和其他不超过数千人的垃圾处理的地方特别有用。 它也可以用作单独的沉降系统，其中不溶性固体沉淀出来以产生澄清的流出物。 在较早的沉淀中产生的污泥固体，无论是否具有氧化，可能会在设备的单独步骤中被氧化和沉淀。

公开(公告)号：US3772187A

公开(公告)日：1973-11-13

申请号：US3772187D

申请日：1971-07-14

Applicant: OTHMER D

Inventor： OTHMER D

IPC: C02F3/12 ,  C02F3/24 ,  C02F3/26 ,  C02C1/06

CPC classification number: C02F3/1294 ,  C02F3/24 ,  C02F3/26 ,  Y02W10/15 ,  Y10S210/918

Abstract: Domestic sewage and other polluted waters may be treated under a pressure of 1/2 to 5 atmospheres gauge or more with dissolved oxygen, or air, to supply the BOD. The oxygen-containing gas is drawn into the suction of a feed and recycle pump which agitates the liquid-gas mixture, and increases gas solubilization as it is being compressed. Simultaneously, any solids which are present are comminuted in being pumped to the pressure oxidation tank. The higher than atmospheric pressure increases oxygen solubility, concentration, and hence chemical or biochemical reactivity. Thus, a much smaller residence time and vessel is required, the polluted water is withdrawn and depressurized to atmospheric pressure at which pressure some of the dissolved oxygen and other gases are released due to lower solubility, and vented. Most of the liquid after depressurization is recycled to the influent stream for repressurization and additional oxygen dissolution. The recycle may amount to 2 to 50 times, and some sludge obtained may also be recycled. A water turbine may recover some of the mechanical energy used by the pump. The process may be used by itself or as an adjunct to other processes for treating polluted waters, and also for the oxidation of sludge.

Abstract translation: 生活污水和其他受污染的水域可以在1/2至5个大气压或更大的压力下用溶解氧或空气进行处理，以供应BOD。 含氧气体被吸入进料和再循环泵的抽吸器中，其搅拌液体 - 气体混合物，并且在被压缩时增加气体溶解度。 同时，存在的任何固体被粉碎以被泵送到压力氧化罐。 高于大气压力会增加氧气的溶解度，浓度，从而提高化学或生化反应活性。 因此，需要更小的停留时间和容器，将污染的水抽出并降压至大气压，在该压力下，由于较低的溶解度，一些溶解的氧气和其它气体被释放，并排出。 减压后的大部分液体被再循环到流入物流中用于再加压和额外的氧气溶解。 循环使用量可达2〜50倍，一些污泥也可循环使用。 水轮机可以回收泵所使用的一些机械能。 该方法可以单独使用或作为其他处理污水的方法以及污泥氧化的辅助物。

公开(公告)号：US3853541A

公开(公告)日：1974-12-10

申请号：US30805972

申请日：1972-11-20

Applicant: OTHMER D

Inventor： OTHMER D

IPC: C22B21/00

CPC classification number: C22B21/0046

Abstract: Aluminum is separated from aluminous ores, hitherto considered unusable, through tri-halide - sub-halide conversions. Aluminum oxide is halogenated to a volatile tri-halide. This is converted above 1000*C, and preferably at 1500*-1800*C, with additional aluminum from the ore, to give a hot gas stream containing three moles of mono-halide. By cooling this gas stream in not more than 1 to 5 seconds, the mono-halide reverts to one mole of tri-halide and two atoms of pure metallic aluminum. The flash cooling uses direct contact with a liquid halide of aluminum or a liquid solution of a halide of aluminum and a volatile or a relatively non-volatile halide of a metal above aluminum in the halide affinity series.

Abstract translation: 迄今为止，通过三卤化物 - 次卤化物转化，铝与铝矿石分离，迄今被认为是不可用的。 氧化铝被卤化成挥发性三卤化物。 在1000℃以上，优选在1500〜1800℃，从矿石中加入另外的铝，得到含有3摩尔单卤化物的热气流。 通过将该气流冷却不超过1至5秒钟，单卤化物还原为1摩尔三卤化物和2个纯金属铝原子。 闪光冷却使用与卤化物亲和性系列中的铝的液体卤化物或铝的卤化物的液体溶液与铝的挥发性或相对不挥发的金属以上的金属卤化物直接接触。

公开(公告)号：US3793003A

公开(公告)日：1974-02-19

申请号：US3793003D

申请日：1971-01-04

Applicant: OTHMER D

Inventor： OTHMER D

IPC: C22B21/00

CPC classification number: C22B21/0046

Abstract: Aluminum may be separated from iron oxide containing ores hitherto unusable through conventional processing by conversion to a volatile tri-halide. This, at 1,000*-1,200*C converts, with additional aluminum from the ore, to three moles of mono-halide, which, on cooling below 1,000*C, reverts to one mole of trihalide and two atoms of pure metallic aluminum. The aluminum trihalide, without cooling, unites with the iron oxide in imcoming ore to give volatile ferric chloride, which is removed from the system, and aluminum oxide which continues with the balance of the ore to form the subhalide. Different processes with other selected steps produce aluminum from clays, feldspars, oil shales, red muds from current aluminum production wastes, slimes from phosphate manufacture, etc., while producing economically and almost quantitatively the other metal values.

Abstract translation: 铝可以通过转化成挥发性三卤化物通过常规加工而与迄今不能使用的含氧化铁的矿石分离。 这在1,000°-1,200℃下，将来自矿石的另外的铝转化成三摩尔的单卤化物，其在低于1000℃的冷却下还原成1摩尔三卤化物和两个纯金属铝原子 。 不冷却的三卤化铝与成矿矿石中的氧化铁相结合，得到从系统中除去的挥发性氯化铁，以及继续与矿石平衡形成次卤化物的氧化铝。 与其他选择的步骤不同的工艺，从粘土，长石，油页岩，当前铝生产废物的红泥，磷酸盐制造的泥浆等产生铝，同时经济地和几乎定量地生产其他金属值。

公开(公告)号：US3777117A

公开(公告)日：1973-12-04

申请号：US3777117D

申请日：1971-01-18

Applicant: OTHMER D

Inventor： OTHMER D

IPC: F24H1/12 ,  F24H9/00 ,  H01B7/16 ,  H05B6/10 ,  H05B7/109 ,  H05B3/00

CPC classification number: H05B6/108 ,  F24H1/121 ,  F24H9/0047 ,  H01B7/16 ,  H05B7/109 ,  Y10T137/6606

Abstract: When an insulated conductor wire inside a steel tube carries alternating current as one leg of a circuit, and the tube itself carries the A.C. for the return leg, induction and magnetic effects develop which cause the A.C. flow to concentrate on the inner surface or skin of the tube, thus greatly increasing the resistance and the heat produced. No current is carried in the outer wall of tube; thus, there is no loss to ground or other surroundings. The heat-tube may be attached to or constructed so as to become an integral part of the wall of a pipe carrying a fluid, thus heating the pipe and the fluid. It may be the transport pipe itself, or it may heat an unenclosed body of fluid using heat supplied by direct contact of the fluid with both the conductor wire and the tube. The heat-tube may supply A.C. to other circuits either related or independent of the heating effect which may be quite unimportant in some of these cases.

Abstract translation: 当钢管内部的绝缘导体线作为电路的一条腿进行交流电流，并且管本身携带用于返回支路的AC时，产生感应和磁力效应，这导致AC流集中在内表面或皮肤上 管，从而大大增加了电阻和产生的热量。 管外壁不带电流; 因此，没有地面或其他环境的损失。 热管可以附接到或构造成成为承载流体的管道的壁的整体部分，从而加热管道和流体。 它可以是输送管本身，或者可以使用通过流体与导线和管直接接触提供的热量来加热未封闭体的流体。 热管可以将交流电源提供给与其相关或不依赖于加热效应的其它电路，这在某些情况下可能是不重要的。