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公开(公告)号：US4842376A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-27
申请号：US758917
申请日：1985-07-25
申请人： Paul O. Braatz , Uzi Efron
发明人： Paul O. Braatz , Uzi Efron
IPC分类号： G02F1/135 , G02F1/136 , G02F1/1365 , H01L31/108 , H01L31/14
CPC分类号： G02F1/1354
摘要： A double Schottky diode light valve (5) includes a liquid crystal (80) for locally modulating a beam (120) by polarization rotation to produce a modulated beam (121), and a photoconductor (40) located adjacent the liquid crystal (80) for receiving and absorbing a second beam (110). The photoconductor (40) controls the polarization responsively to the optical content of the second beam (110). The photoconductor (46) includes a semiconductor substrate and a pair of Schottky diodes (60/40, 30/40) disposed on opposing sides of the substrate. The absorption of the second beam (110) by the substrate (40) produces photogenerated majority carriers. The pair of Schottky diodes (60/40, 30/40) maintain the substrate (40) substantially depleted of such carriers and also reflects the modulated beam back through the liquid crystal.
摘要翻译： 双肖特基二极管光阀（5）包括用于通过偏振旋转来局部调制光束（120）以产生调制光束（121）的液晶（80）和位于液晶（80）附近的光电导体（40） 用于接收和吸收第二光束（110）。 光电导体（40）响应于第二光束（110）的光学内容来控制极化。 光电导体（46）包括半导体衬底和设置在衬底的相对侧上的一对肖特基二极管（60/40,30/40）。 基板（40）对第二光束（110）的吸收产生光生多数载流子。 这对肖特基二极管（60/40,30/40）保持了基本上耗尽这种载流子的衬底（40），并且还将经调制的光束反射回液晶。
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公开(公告)号：US4881110A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US194352
申请日：1988-05-16
申请人： Paul O. Braatz , Uzi Efron
发明人： Paul O. Braatz , Uzi Efron
CPC分类号： G02F1/1354 , G02F1/015 , G02F1/17
摘要： A double Schottky diode light valve (5) includes a liquid crystal (80) for locally modulating a beam (120) by polarization rotation to produce a modulated beam (121), and a photoconductor (40) located adjacent the liquid crystal (80) for receiving and absorbing a second beam (110). The photoconductor (40) controls the polarization responsively to the optical content of the second beam (110). The photoconductor (46) includes a semiconductor substrate and a pair of Schottky diodes (60/40, 30/40) disposed on opposing sides of the substrate. The absorption of the second beam (110) by the substrate (40) produces photogenerated carriers. The pair of Schottky diodes (60/40, 30/40) maintain the substrate (40) substantially depleted of such carriers and also reflects the modulated beam back through the liquid crystal.
摘要翻译： 双肖特基二极管光阀（5）包括用于通过偏振旋转局部调制光束（120）以产生调制光束（121）的液晶（80）和位于液晶（80）附近的光电导体（40） 用于接收和吸收第二光束（110）。 光电导体（40）响应于第二光束（110）的光学内容来控制极化。 光电导体（46）包括半导体衬底和设置在衬底的相对侧上的一对肖特基二极管（60/40,30/40）。 基板（40）对第二光束（110）的吸收产生光生载流子。 这对肖特基二极管（60/40,30/40）保持了基本上耗尽这种载流子的衬底（40），并且还将经调制的光束反射回液晶。
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公开(公告)号：US5389788A
公开(公告)日：1995-02-14
申请号：US166790
申请日：1993-12-13
申请人： Jan Grinberg , Raymond Balcerak , Chiung-Sheng Wu , Uzi Efron , Paul O. Braatz
发明人： Jan Grinberg , Raymond Balcerak , Chiung-Sheng Wu , Uzi Efron , Paul O. Braatz
IPC分类号： G01J5/04 , G01J5/20 , G02F1/135 , H01L27/146 , G02F1/136
CPC分类号： H01L27/146 , G02B23/125 , G02F1/1354 , H04N5/3651 , H04N5/33
摘要： An infrared (IR) radiation transducer integrates an IR detector array with a liquid crystal (LC) readout. The IR detector is preferably a pixelized bolometer array, but other detectors such as pyroelectric materials are possible. To modulate the LC in response to detected IR radiation, a modulating section is provided that includes a charge injection structure which injects electrical charge in response to the detected IR radiation, and a charge transfer structure that transfers the injected charge to the LC readout section. During its active phase the charge transfer layer is depleted of majority charge carriers, and the charge injection and transfer mechanism operates in a manner analogous to a bipolar transistor. A visible readout is obtained by directing readout light through the LC, where it is modulated in accordance with the detected IR image. The transducers are small and light weight enough to be incorporated into a pair of goggles, for which no separate cooling is required.
摘要翻译： 红外（IR）辐射传感器将IR检测器阵列与液晶（LC）读数器集成。 IR检测器优选地是像素化的测辐射热计阵列，但是其他检测器如热电材料也是可能的。 为了响应于检测到的IR辐射来调制LC，提供了调制部分，其包括响应于检测到的IR辐射而注入电荷的电荷注入结构，以及将注入的电荷传送到LC读出部分的电荷转移结构。 在其活性阶段期间，电荷转移层耗尽多数电荷载流子，并且电荷注入和转移机制以类似于双极晶体管的方式工作。 通过将读出光引导通过LC获得可见读出，其中根据检测到的IR图像进行调制。 传感器体积小巧，重量轻，可以并入一副护目镜，不需要单独的冷却。
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公开(公告)号：USH840H
公开(公告)日：1990-11-06
申请号：US294611
申请日：1989-01-09
申请人： Uzi Efron , Paul O. Braatz , Jan Grinberg
发明人： Uzi Efron , Paul O. Braatz , Jan Grinberg
IPC分类号： G02F1/135
CPC分类号： G02F1/135
摘要： A single-Schottky liquid crystal is disclosed in which a series of Schottky contacts are made on one side of a photoconductor substrate by a metal matrix mirror, with a doped semiconductor back contact electrode on the other side of the substrate. The light valve offers several operational advantages over MOS devices, and is easier to fabricate than double-Schottky light valves. It can be operated either in an AC mode or, by doping the liquid crystal ions, in a DC mode.
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公开(公告)号：US4826300A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-02
申请号：US79607
申请日：1987-07-30
CPC分类号： G02F1/1354
摘要： An LCLV is formed with a sapphire substrate base, a highly doped, thin silicon epitaxial layer forming an ohmic back contact on a smooth surface of the sapphire substrate, and a lightly doped, high resistivity silicon epitaxial layer in the range of about 20-60 microns thick on the back contact. The use of a sapphire substrate provides a better surface quality and higher resolution than previously available with the semiconductor substrates. Lattice defects in the thin back contact are reduced by the formation of a buried amorphous layer adjacent the sapphire substrate, and subsequent recrystallization thereof using the unamorphized portions of the back contact as recrystallization seeds. The application of the invention to both MOS and Schottky diode LCLVs is discussed.
摘要翻译： LCLV由在蓝宝石衬底的光滑表面上形成欧姆背接触的蓝宝石衬底基底，高度掺杂的薄硅外延层和轻掺杂的高电阻率硅外延层形成，其范围为约20-60 背面接触微米厚。 使用蓝宝石衬底提供比以前可用的半导体衬底更好的表面质量和更高的分辨率。 通过在蓝宝石衬底附近形成埋置的非晶层，减少薄背接触中的晶格缺陷，随后使用后接触的未变质部分再结晶作为再结晶种子。 讨论了将本发明应用于MOS和肖特基二极管LCLV。
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公开(公告)号：US4807976A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-28
申请号：US33319
申请日：1987-04-01
申请人： Michael J. Little , Uzi Efron , Paul O. Braatz , Robert N. Schwartz , Yuri Owechko , Murray S. Welkowsky
发明人： Michael J. Little , Uzi Efron , Paul O. Braatz , Robert N. Schwartz , Yuri Owechko , Murray S. Welkowsky
CPC分类号： G02F1/133348 , G02F1/135
摘要： A pulsed readout technique is described for liquid crystal light valves which eliminates the problem of readout beam leakage through the light valve mirror. The readout beam is pulsed on only when the light valve's semiconductor layer is out of a depletion state. This can occur during an accumulation state or, in certain applications, during a specially inserted quiescent period in the light valve voltage cycle. The invention is applicable to light valves with various types of modulating inputs, and can be used with either dielectric or metal matrix mirrors.
摘要翻译： 对于液晶光阀描述了脉冲读出技术，其消除了通过光阀镜的读出光束泄漏的问题。 只有当光阀的半导体层处于耗尽状态时，读出光束才被脉冲。 这可能在累积状态期间或在某些应用中，在光阀电压循环中的特别插入的静止期间发生。 本发明适用于具有各种调制输入的光阀，可用于电介质或金属矩阵镜。
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公开(公告)号：US4443064A
公开(公告)日：1984-04-17
申请号：US214930
申请日：1980-12-10
IPC分类号： G02F1/135 , G02F1/1362 , G02F1/13
CPC分类号： G02F1/1354 , G02F1/136277
摘要： There is disclosed a single crystal silicon charge storage apparatus suitable for use in an alternating current driven liquid crystal light valve having therein a moderately doped microchannel stop grid. The charge storage medium is made of a high resistivity substrate on which an MOS capacitor is formed having fast photoelectric transient response and capable of operating over a wide frequency range. A doped microgrid structure is formed in one side of the substrate to prevent charge carrier spreading at the silicon-silicon dioxide interface and to provide a focusing electric field for the charge carriers. The signal from the substrate is electrically coupled through high-reflectivity mirrors and light blocking layers to the liquid crystal.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种适用于具有适度掺杂的微通道停止栅格的交流驱动液晶光阀的单晶硅电荷存储装置。 电荷存储介质由高电阻率基板制成，其上形成具有快速光电瞬态响应并能够在宽频率范围内工作的MOS电容器。 在衬底的一侧形成掺杂的微电网结构，以防止电荷载体在硅 - 二氧化硅界面处扩散，并为电荷载体提供聚焦电场。 来自基板的信号通过高反射镜和阻光层电耦合到液晶。
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公开(公告)号：US4191454A
公开(公告)日：1980-03-04
申请号：US949840
申请日：1978-10-10
IPC分类号： G02F1/135 , G02F1/1362 , G02F1/13
CPC分类号： G02F1/136277 , G02F1/1354
摘要： There is disclosed a single crystal silicon charge storage apparatus suitable for use in an alternating current driven liquid crystal light valve. The charge storage medium is made of a high resistivity and photosensitive under AC excitation substrate on which an MOS capacitor is formed having fast photoelectric transient response and capable of operating over a wide frequency range. The AC activation provides to a liquid crystal light valve a greatly improved electrochemical stability. Electrically coupled high-reflectivity mirrors and light blocking layers can be used to couple the liquid crystal to the MOS capacitor.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种适用于交流驱动液晶光阀的单晶硅电荷存储装置。 电荷存储介质由交流激励基板上的高电阻率和感光性构成，其上形成具有快速光电瞬变响应且能够在较宽频率范围内工作的MOS电容器。 AC激活为液晶光阀提供了极大改善的电化学稳定性。 可以使用电耦合的高反射镜和遮光层来将液晶耦合到MOS电容器。
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公开(公告)号：US4093357A
公开(公告)日：1978-06-06
申请号：US784894
申请日：1977-04-05
CPC分类号： G02F1/135 , G02F1/1533 , G02F2001/1351
摘要： There is disclosed an anisotropically conductive interface comprising a plurality of cermet and dielectric layers for use in electro-optical devices to separate a substrate driver from an electro-optical display medium to prevent display light from affecting the driver. The substrate may be a photosensor, a charge coupled device or other matrix addressing circuitry arrangement. In general the substrate is one which can provide spatially modulated voltage and/or current patterns. The display medium may be a liquid crystal, an electro-chromic, an electro-luminescent material or the like. The interface provides direct current conductivity through the interface, insulative maintenance of the spatial modulation of the signal across the interface, light reflectivity, and high attenuation of transmitted light.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种各向异性导电界面，其包括用于电光装置的多个金属陶瓷和电介质层，以将基板驱动器与电光显示介质分离，以防止显示光影响驱动器。 衬底可以是光电传感器，电荷耦合器件或其他矩阵寻址电路装置。 通常，衬底是可以提供空间调制的电压和/或电流图案的衬底。 显示介质可以是液晶，电致铬，电致发光材料等。 该接口通过接口提供直流电导率，绝缘维持跨越接口的信号的空间调制，光反射率和透射光的高衰减。
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10.发明授权LCLV having photoconductive pedestals each having a cross-sectional area no greater than 5 percent of the area of its respective reflective pad 失效具有感光基座的LCLV各自具有不大于其相应反射板的面积的5％的横截面积
公开(公告)号：US5612800A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-18
申请号：US333533
申请日：1994-11-02
申请人： Paul O. Braatz , Chiung-Sheng Wu
发明人： Paul O. Braatz , Chiung-Sheng Wu
IPC分类号： G02B26/08 , G02F1/1335 , G02F1/1343 , G02F1/135 , H04N5/74
CPC分类号： G02F1/1354 , G02F1/133526
摘要： A liquid crystal light valve is provided with an array of photoconductive pedestals surrounded by a dielectric matrix material. Metal mirror pads are formed on top of each pedestal to form a high resolution metal matrix mirror, with each pedestal/mirror combination servicing one image pixel. The dielectric matrix forms a potential barrier between the individual photoconductive pedestals which prevents lateral charge migration between pedestals. The metal matrix mirror also shields the underlying photoconductive pedestal from photoactivation by the readout beam. The dielectric matrix material has a lower dielectric constant than the photoconductive pedestals, allowing the impedance of the photoconductive pedestals to match the impedance of the liquid crystal layer with a much thinner layer of photoconductive material than in prior LCLVs using a continuous photoconductive layer. The thinner photoconductive layer results in higher electric fields which improve the LCLV's response time, photodegradation rate, spatial resolution and spectral response.
摘要翻译： 液晶光阀设置有由电介质基质材料包围的感光基座的阵列。 金属镜垫形成在每个基座的顶部，以形成高分辨率金属矩阵镜，每个基座/镜组合服务于一个图像像素。 电介质矩阵在各个感光基座之间形成一个势垒，防止基座之间的横向电荷迁移。 金属矩阵镜还屏蔽下面的光导基座，使其不受光读出光束的影响。 介质矩阵材料的介电常数低于光导基座，使得光电基座的阻抗与使用连续光电导层的现有LCLV相比，液晶层的阻抗与光电导材料的厚度相比更薄。 较薄的光电导层导致更高的电场，这提高了LCLV的响应时间，光降解速率，空间分辨率和光谱响应。
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