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公开(公告)号：US4807976A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-28
申请号：US33319
申请日：1987-04-01
申请人： Michael J. Little , Uzi Efron , Paul O. Braatz , Robert N. Schwartz , Yuri Owechko , Murray S. Welkowsky
发明人： Michael J. Little , Uzi Efron , Paul O. Braatz , Robert N. Schwartz , Yuri Owechko , Murray S. Welkowsky
CPC分类号： G02F1/133348 , G02F1/135
摘要： A pulsed readout technique is described for liquid crystal light valves which eliminates the problem of readout beam leakage through the light valve mirror. The readout beam is pulsed on only when the light valve's semiconductor layer is out of a depletion state. This can occur during an accumulation state or, in certain applications, during a specially inserted quiescent period in the light valve voltage cycle. The invention is applicable to light valves with various types of modulating inputs, and can be used with either dielectric or metal matrix mirrors.
摘要翻译： 对于液晶光阀描述了脉冲读出技术，其消除了通过光阀镜的读出光束泄漏的问题。 只有当光阀的半导体层处于耗尽状态时，读出光束才被脉冲。 这可能在累积状态期间或在某些应用中，在光阀电压循环中的特别插入的静止期间发生。 本发明适用于具有各种调制输入的光阀，可用于电介质或金属矩阵镜。
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2.发明授权Liquid crystal light valve with grooved microgrid and method of forming the same 失效液晶光阀带槽式微格栅及其形成方法
公开(公告)号：US4913531A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-03
申请号：US241680
申请日：1988-09-07
IPC分类号： G02F1/135
CPC分类号： G02F1/1354 , Y10S359/90
摘要： A liquid crystal light valve is provided with a microgrid of grooves in the photoconductor surface to divide the photoconductor into high resolution pixels. The liquid crystals fill the grooves to seal them and contribute to a potential barrier at the grooves that prevents lateral charge migration between pixels. In a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) embodiment an oxide layer extends over the pixels and partially overhangs the grooves. A metal matrix mirror is formed over the insulative layer, and extends into a portion of the grooves to shield the underlying silicon from photoactivation while maintaining an electrical isolation between pixels.
摘要翻译： 液晶光阀在光电导体表面设置有微电网槽，以将感光体分成高分辨率像素。 液晶填充沟槽以密封它们并且有助于凹槽处的势垒，从而防止像素之间的横向电荷迁移。 在金属氧化物半导体（MOS）实施例中，氧化物层在像素上延伸并且部分地突出于凹槽。 金属矩阵反射镜形成在绝缘层之上，并且延伸到凹槽的一部分中以屏蔽下面的硅免受光激活，同时保持像素之间的电隔离。
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公开(公告)号：US5010251A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-23
申请号：US463563
申请日：1990-01-11
摘要： An infrared (IR) simulator is disclosed in which an array of pixels is defined on an insulative substrate by resistor bridges which contact the substrate at spaced locations and are separated from the substrate, and thereby thermally insulated therefrom, between the contact locations. Semiconductor drive circuits on the substrate enable desired current flows through the resistor bridges in response to input control signals, thereby establishing the appropriate IR radiation from each of the pixels. The drive circuits and also at least some of the electrical lead lines are preferably located under the resistor bridges. A thermal reflector below each bridge shields the drive circuit and reflects radiation to enhance the IR output. The drive circuits employ sample and hold circuits which produce a substantially flicker-free operation, with the resistor bridges being impedance matched with their respective drive circuits. The resistor bridges may be formed by coating insulative base bridges with a resistive layer having the desired properties, and overcoating the resistive layers with a thermally emissive material. The array is preferably formed on a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) wafer. Arrays of electromagnetic radiation bridge detectors may also be formed, with the bridges having either resistor, thermocouple or Schottky junction constructions.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种红外（IR）模拟器，其中像素阵列通过电阻器桥限定在绝缘衬底上，电阻器桥在间隔开的位置处接触衬底，并且在接触位置之间与衬底分离，从而与衬底隔离。 衬底上的半导体驱动电路响应于输入控制信号使期望的电流流过电阻器桥，从而从每个像素建立适当的红外辐射。 驱动电路以及至少一些电引线优选位于电阻桥下。 每个桥下的热反射器屏蔽驱动电路并反射辐射以增强IR输出。 驱动电路采用产生基本上无闪烁操作的采样和保持电路，其中电阻器桥与它们各自的驱动电路阻抗匹配。 可以通过用具有期望特性的电阻层涂覆绝缘基桥来形成电阻器桥，并用热发射材料覆盖电阻层。 阵列优选形成在蓝宝石（SOS）硅晶片上。 也可以形成电磁辐射桥接检测器阵列，其中桥具有电阻器，热电偶或肖特基结结构。
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公开(公告)号：US4943709A
公开(公告)日：1990-07-24
申请号：US350353
申请日：1989-05-11
IPC分类号： G01J9/02
CPC分类号： G01J9/02
摘要： An adaptive optics system is disclosed which has a phase detector to detect phase distortions acquired by an input beam, and a separate phase adjustor which predistorts a transmission beam so that it is restored to its proper phase during transmission back through the same medium travelled by the input beam. The phase adjustor consists of a liquid crystal mechanism with an area substantially greater than that of the phase detector, thereby permitting high power operation. Liquid crystal pixels in the phase adjustor have dual transistor signal storage circuits which apply operating signals to the pixels without significant decay or flicker. The phase adjustor can be constructed in either a reflective or transmissive mode. Two phase adjustors may be placed in series to enhance response time and/or process an unpolarized beam. A data processor interfaces between the phase detector and phase adjustor. The data processor may include a capability for providing phase adjustment information for a plurality of transmission wavelengths based upon the detected distortion of an input beam at only one of the wavelengths.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种自适应光学系统，其具有用于检测由输入光束获取的相位失真的相位检测器，以及单独的相位调节器，其预发射发射光束，使得在透射期间通过相同介质返回到其适当的相位 输入光束。 相位调节器由具有比相位检测器的面积大得多的面积的液晶机构构成，由此允许高功率运转。 相位调节器中的液晶像素具有双晶体管信号存储电路，其对像素施加操作信号而没有显着的衰减或闪烁。 相位调节器可以以反射或透射模式构成。 两个相位调节器可以串联放置以增强响应时间和/或处理非偏振光束。 相位检测器和相位调节器之间的数据处理器接口。 数据处理器可以包括基于在仅一个波长处的检测到的输入波束的失真来提供多个发射波长的相位调整信息的能力。
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公开(公告)号：US3953618A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-27
申请号：US507677
申请日：1974-09-20
申请人： Eric P. Muntz , Murray S. Welkowsky
发明人： Eric P. Muntz , Murray S. Welkowsky
CPC分类号： G03G15/0803
摘要： An electrostatic image developer of the powder cloud type incorporating an image field screen or plate adjacent the receptor sheet carrying the electrostatic image, and including means for varying the image field plate potential and spacing during the developing cycle for improved contrast in the resultant visual picture. A method of developing including varying the image field screen potential and spacing during the developing cycle.
摘要翻译： 一种粉末云型的静电图像显影剂，其包含邻近承载静电图像的接收片的图像场屏幕或板，并且包括用于在显影周期期间改变图像场板电位和间隔的装置，以改善所得到的视觉图像中的对比度。 一种开发方法，包括在开发周期中改变图像场屏幕电位和间距。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4826293A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-02
申请号：US21381
申请日：1987-03-03
申请人： Jan Grinberg , Nubuo J. Koda , Philip G. Reif , William P. Bleha , Murray S. Welkowsky , Arno G. Ledebuhr
发明人： Jan Grinberg , Nubuo J. Koda , Philip G. Reif , William P. Bleha , Murray S. Welkowsky , Arno G. Ledebuhr
IPC分类号： G02F1/135 , G02F1/13 , G02F1/133 , G02F1/1333
CPC分类号： G02F1/133348
摘要： An electron beam addressed liquid crystal light valve (LCLV) produces an AC voltage across a liquid crystal layer from a single polarity electron beam, and exhibits very high resolution. A thin layer of partially conductive material is deposited on a support membrane on the electron beam side of the liquid crystal. A conductive, electron beam permeable sheet is formed on the back of the partially conductive layer. Electrons from the beam are absorbed by the partially conductive layer, and then flow back out to the conductive sheet to produce an AC voltage prior to the next electron beam scan. The conductive sheet is connected in circuit with a transparent electrode which provides a voltage reference on the readout side of the liquid crystal. The device is designed with electrical parameters that produce a discharge rate from the partially conductive layer fast enough to complete an AC cycle between successive electron beam scans, but slow enough for the liquid crystal to respond and produce an image. A separate mirror can be provided to reflect the readout beam back through the liquid crystal, or the conductive sheet can itself serve as a mirror.
摘要翻译： 电子束寻址液晶光阀（LCLV）从单极性电子束产生跨液晶层的交流电压，表现出非常高的分辨率。 部分导电材料的薄层沉积在液晶的电子束侧的支撑膜上。 在部分导电层的背面形成导电的电子束透过片。 来自光束的电子被部分导电层吸收，然后在下一个电子束扫描之前流回导电片以产生交流电压。 导电片与在液晶的读出侧提供电压基准的透明电极连接。 该器件设计有电参数，其从部分导电层产生放电速率足够快以在连续的电子束扫描之间完成AC循环，但是足够慢以使液晶响应并产生图像。 可以提供单独的反射镜以将读出的光束反射回液晶，或者导电片本身可以用作反射镜。
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公开(公告)号：US3939345A
公开(公告)日：1976-02-17
申请号：US536922
申请日：1974-12-23
IPC分类号： G01T1/29 , G02F1/13 , G02F1/135 , G03G15/054 , G03B41/16
CPC分类号： G02F1/135 , G01T1/2921 , G02F1/1313 , G03G15/0545
摘要： An electronradiography imaging chamber providing a visual image at the chamber suitable for direct viewing and/or copying. An imaging chamber with a first electrode on the x-ray source side, an x-ray absorber in a gap between the first electrode and an anisotropic plate, and a liquid crystal material in a second gap between the plate and a second transparent electrode, with incoming x-radiation providing a charge image on the plate at the absorber gap, with the plate transferring the charge image to the liquid crystal side and modulating the liquid crystal material to produce a visual image of the charge image, which visual image is viewable through the second electrode.
摘要翻译： 电子放射成像室，在室内提供适于直接观察和/或复印的视觉图像。 在X射线源侧具有第一电极的成像室，在第一电极和各向异性板之间的间隙中的x射线吸收体，以及板与第二透明电极之间的第二间隙中的液晶材料， 进入的x辐射在吸收器间隙处在板上提供电荷图像，其中板将电荷图像转印到液晶侧并调制液晶材料以产生电荷图像的视觉图像，该视觉图像是可见的 通过第二电极。
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公开(公告)号：US5160560A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-03
申请号：US201809
申请日：1988-06-02
IPC分类号： B23Q3/15 , H01L21/302 , H01L21/304 , H01L21/306 , H01L21/683
CPC分类号： H01L21/6833 , H01L21/302 , Y10S148/012 , Y10S148/135
摘要： A method for producing optically flat thin semiconductor wafers (12) bonded to a substrate (16). The wafer (12) is bonded without touching the top surface of the wafer (12). Also, the bond is created without the use of pressure. Electrostatic bonding, or contact bonding or both may be employed. After the wafer (12) is bonded, it is then polished to a desired thickness and flatness. After contact bonding and polishing the wafer (12) may then be removed for further processing. The wafer may then be contact bonded to a final substrate (b 34) or electrostatically bonded to a final substrate (42). The contact bonding technique may also be employed as a means for holding the wafer (12) during precise photolithography. The optical flatness achieved permits improved yields over conventional means for securing wafers during photolithography. The electrostatic bonding technique permits extremely thin optically flat silicon wafers to be produced.
摘要翻译： 一种用于制造结合到基板（16）的光学平坦的薄的半导体晶片（12）的方法。 接合晶片（12）而不接触晶片（12）的顶表面。 此外，债券是在不使用压力的情况下创建的。 可以使用静电粘合或接触粘合或两者。 在晶片（12）接合之后，然后将其抛光至期望的厚度和平坦度。 接触结合和抛光之后，可以移除晶片（12）以便进一步处理。 然后可以将晶片与最终的基板（b 34）接触或静电地结合到最终的基板（42）上。 接触接合技术也可以用作在精确光刻期间保持晶片（12）的手段。 所获得的光学平整度允许相对于用于在光刻期间固定晶片的常规手段提高的产量。 静电接合技术允许制造极薄的光学平坦硅晶片。
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公开(公告)号：US4922116A
公开(公告)日：1990-05-01
申请号：US370109
申请日：1989-06-21
申请人： Jan Grinberg , Murray S. Welkowsky
发明人： Jan Grinberg , Murray S. Welkowsky
IPC分类号： G01J1/02 , G01J5/02 , G01J5/10 , G01J5/12 , G01J5/20 , G01J5/22 , G01J5/28 , G01J5/52 , H01L27/14 , H01L27/146 , H01L31/10 , H01L31/16 , H01L33/00 , H01L35/28
CPC分类号： G01J5/10 , G01J5/20 , G01J5/22 , G01J5/522 , H01L27/1465
摘要： An infrared (IR) simulator is disclosed in which an array of pixels is defined on an insulative substrate by resistor bridges which contact the substrate at spaced locations and are separated from the substrate, and thereby thermally insulated therefrom, between the contact locations. Semiconductor drive circuits on the substrate enable desired current flows through the resistor bridges in response to input control signals, thereby establishing the appropriate IR radiation from each of the pixels. The drive circuits and also at least some of the electrical lead lines are preferably located under the resistor bridges. A thermal reflector below each bridge shields the drive circuit and reflects radiation to enhance the IR output. The drive circuits employ sample and hold circuits which produce a substantially flicker-free operation, with the resistor bridges being impedance matched with their respective drive circuits. The resistor bridges may be formed by coating insulative base bridges with a resistive layer having the desired properties, and overcoating the resistive layers with a thermally emissive material. The array is preferably formed on a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) wafer. Arrays of electromagnetic radiation bridge detectors may also be formed, with the bridges having either resistor, thermocouple or Schottky junction constructions.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种红外（IR）模拟器，其中像素阵列通过电阻器桥限定在绝缘衬底上，电阻器桥在间隔开的位置处接触衬底，并且在接触位置之间与衬底分离，从而与衬底隔离。 衬底上的半导体驱动电路响应于输入控制信号使期望的电流流过电阻器桥，从而从每个像素建立适当的红外辐射。 驱动电路以及至少一些电引线优选位于电阻桥下。 每个桥下的热反射器屏蔽驱动电路并反射辐射以增强IR输出。 驱动电路采用产生基本上无闪烁操作的采样和保持电路，其中电阻器桥与它们各自的驱动电路阻抗匹配。 可以通过用具有期望特性的电阻层涂覆绝缘基桥来形成电阻器桥，并用热发射材料覆盖电阻层。 阵列优选形成在蓝宝石（SOS）硅晶片上。 也可以形成电磁辐射桥接检测器阵列，其中桥具有电阻器，热电偶或肖特基结结构。
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公开(公告)号：US4104520A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-01
申请号：US800025
申请日：1977-05-24
IPC分类号： G03G15/00 , G03G15/054 , G03B41/16
CPC分类号： G03G15/0545
摘要： An electrostatic imaging chamber providing a real time visual image. An imaging chamber with electrophoretic particles in the electrode gap, with the particles being selectively moved to a transparent electrode as a result of the electrostatic charge image formed by incoming radiation. An imaging chamber which can be cyclicly operated at a relatively high repetition rate, typically 10 to 20 images per second, thereby providing real time viewing of the object. A conductivity control layer at the gap for discharging the electrostatic charge image each cycle after viewing.
摘要翻译： 提供实时视觉图像的静电成像室。 在电极间隙中具有电泳颗粒的成像室，由于由入射辐射形成的静电荷图像，颗粒被选择性地移动到透明电极。 可以以相对高的重复频率循环操作的成像室，通常每秒钟为10到20个图像，从而提供物体的实时观察。 在间隙处的电导率控制层，用于在观看后每个周期放电静电荷图像。
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