摘要:
A process for producing carboxylic acid esters by the following steps:a) preparation of a reaction mixture containing an alcohol and a carboxylic acid and/or a carboxylic anhydride and/or a carboxylic acid ester and or a partially esterified carboxylic acid,b) heating of this mixture to the suitable reaction temperature in the presence of a solid polysiloxane insoluble in the reaction medium and having sulphonic acid groups with intensive thorough mixing accompanied by continuous separation of the reaction water which forms, wherein the polysiloxane used as the catalyst in modified by treatment with a soluble aluminum, titanium or zirconium compound, and the spherical particles thereof have a diameter of 0.01 to 3 mm, a specific surface of 0.1 to 1200 m.sup.2 /g, a specific pore volume of 0.01 to 6.0 ml/g and a bulk density of 50 to 1000 g/l.
摘要:
Disclosed are aqueous solutions of polymeric organosiloxane-ammonium compounds which possess ion exchange properties and a method for manufacture from solid organopolysiloxanes. The solutions are used in the hydrophobing treatment of inorganic materials and building materials.
摘要:
Organosiloxane copolycondensates are disclosed and which are optionally cross-linked by means of cross-linking agents containing Si, Ti, Zr and/or Al and contain the units ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 -R.sup.5 are ##STR2## wherein R.sup.6 is alkylene with C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 bound directly to N or X, cycloalkylene with C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 or ##STR3## X is >N--H, >N--CH.sub.3, >N--C.sub.2 H.sub.5, --S--, --S.sub.2 --, --S.sub.3 --, --S.sub.4 --, ##STR4## wherein R" is H or alkyl with C.sub.1 -C.sub.5. These products are in the form of spherical particles with a diameter of 0.01 to 3.0 mm, a specific surface of up to 1000 m.sup.2 /g, a specific pore volume of up to 6.0 ml/g and a bulk density of 50 to 1000 g/l. Different methods of preparing the formed copolycondensates are disclosed as well as use of certain compositions for removing metals from solutions and/or for the adsorption of gaseous organic compounds and/or of water vapor.
摘要:
Shaped organosiloxane amine copolycondensates are described which contain Pd, Pt, Ru and/or Rh, as well as optional promotors and/or moderators. The shaped copolycondensate function as a carrier for metals and are made up of units of: ##STR1## and/or units of Y--R.sup.6. R.sup.2 to R.sup.6 are a group represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.7 is a group bound to N, X, or Y (for example, an alkylene group) and R.sup.1 is R.sup.7 --SiO.sub.3/2, H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, or C.sub.3 H.sub.7. X stands for a double-bonded group such as --S--, --S.sub.2 --, --S.sub.3 --, --S.sub.4 --, --HN--CS--NH-- and Y stands for a monovalent groups such as --CN, --SCN, --SH, --S--CH.sub.3, --NH.sub.2, --NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --NH.sub.2. The carrier substance may be cross-linked with cross-linking agents containing Si, Ti, Zr or Al. The metal-containing product is spherical in form and is defined by the parameters of sphere diameter, specific surface and pore volume as well as bulk density. Methods of production and use of the copolycondensates are also described.
摘要:
Disclosed are shaped organosiloxane polycondensates in the form of macroscopic spherical particles with a diameter of 0.01 to 2.5 mm, a specific surface area of 0.01 to 1000 m.sup.2 /g, a specific pore volume of 0.01 to 5 ml/g, and a bulk density of 50 to 1000 g/l, consisting of units of the formula (I):X--R.sup.1 (I)and/or the formula (II):R.sup.2 --Y--R.sup.3 (II)and the formula (III): ##STR1## as well as optionally, in addition, units of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are identical or different and represent a group of the formula (V): ##STR3## R.sup.4 being bonded directly to the X or Y group and representing a linear or branched, fully saturated or unsaturated alkylene group, a cycloalkylene group, a phenylene group or a unit of the formula ##STR4## and M corresponding to a Si, Ti or Zr atom. Also disclosed are a process for preparation and use.
摘要:
Shaped organosiloxane amine copolycondensates are described which contain Pd, Pt, Ru and/or Rh, as well as optional promotors and/or moderators. The shaped copolycondensate function as a carrier for metals and are made up of units of: ##STR1## and/or units of Y--R.sup.6. R.sup.2 to R.sup.6 are a group represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.7 is a group bound to N, X, or Y (for example, an alkylene group) and R.sup.1 is R.sup.7 --SiO.sub.3/2, H, CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, or C.sub.3 H.sub.7. X stands for a double-bonded group such as --S--, --S.sub.2 --, --S.sub.3 --, --S.sub.4 --, --HN--CS--NH-- and Y stands for a monovalent groups such as --CN, --SCN, --SH, --S--CH.sub.3, --NH.sub.2, --NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --NH.sub.2. The carrier substance may be cross-linked with cross-linking agents containing Si, Ti, Zr or Al. The metal-containing product is spherical in form and is defined by the parameters of sphere diameter, specific surface and pore volume as well as bulk density. Methods of production and use of the copolycondensates are also described.
摘要:
The invention relates to polymeric organosiloxane ammonium salts having a silica-like skeleton and including units of Formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and signify a group of Formula (II): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.5 is an alkylene group and the oxygen atoms are saturated by silicon atoms of additional groups corresponding to Formula (II), optionally with the insertion of cross-linking agents; R.sup.3 represents groups corresponding to R.sup.1 or R.sup.2, or hydrogen or an alkyl group; R.sup.4 represents hydrogen or an alkyl group; x is the charge number of an oxo anion of a monooxo-, isopolyoxo- or heteropolyoxo acid of the elements vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten; and oxo groups of the X anion also may be replaced by peroxo groups. The invention also includes methods of preparing the salts of Formula (I) from salts of the type (R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 N.sup.+).sub.y Y wherein Y is different from X. The invention further includes the use of the salts of Formula (I) as catalyst for oxidation reactions using peroxo compounds as an oxidation agent.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及具有二氧化硅样骨架并包括式(I)的单元的聚合有机硅氧烷铵盐:(*化学结构*)(I)其中R1和R2相同或不同并且表示式(II)的基团: (*化学结构*)(II)其中R5是亚烷基并且氧原子被对应于式(II)的另外的基团的硅原子饱和,任选地插入交联剂; R3表示对应于R1或R2的基团,或氢或烷基; R4表示氢或烷基; x是元素钒,铌,钽,钼或钨元素的单氧,异羟基或杂多酸的氧阴离子的电荷数; X阴离子的氧基也可以被过氧基取代。 本发明还包括从其中Y不同于X的类型(R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N +)y Y的盐制备式(I)的盐的方法。本发明还包括使用式(I)的盐作为氧化反应的催化剂,其使用 过氧化合物作为氧化剂。
摘要:
A process is disclosed for continuously hydrogenating unsaturated fats, fatty acids or fatty acid esters on a shaped catalyst in a solid bed. The reactants flow over the catalyst in the presence of a medium or solvent mixture in supercritical conditions. This leads to considerably improved activity and selectivity of the hydrogenation reaction compared with conventional trickle bed hydrogenation processes.
摘要:
A process for the impregnating and priming treatment of mineral building materials of synthetic or natural origin using aqueous suspensions or solutions which contain at least one silicon-containing ion exchanger of the formula �(YO).sub.3 Si(CH.sub.2).sub.x !.sub.n EX (I) or an oligomer of this compound, wherein x signifies an integer of 1 to 12, n signifies an integer of 1 to 3, depending on E Y signifies H, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ba E signifies a cation-exchanging or anion-exchanging group, and X signifies H.sup.+ or an alkali cation or alkaline earth cation or OH.sup.- or an anion, in a quantity of from 0.1 to 70% by weight, particularly from 10 to 30% by weight, based on the total quantity of the solution or suspension, with the treatment being carried out in a single stage or in multiple stages, optionally combined with a treatment with aqueous or organic emulsions or solutions containing hydrolyzable silanes and/or siloxanes.