公开(公告)号：US08938118B1

公开(公告)日：2015-01-20

申请号：US13694853

申请日：2012-12-12

申请人： Rajiv Jain ,  David C. Smith

发明人： Rajiv Jain ,  David C. Smith

IPC分类号： G06K9/62

CPC分类号： G06K9/4642 ,  G06K9/6255 ,  G06K9/6857 ,  G06K2209/01

摘要： Single-image super-resolution (SISR) is the problem of generating a high resolution image from a single low resolution image. The SISR technique known as neighbor embedding utilizes a training ensemble of pairs of low and high resolution image patches, where the patches in a given pair represent the same image region. The present invention improves upon prior neighbor embedding algorithms by offering a practical, computationally efficient method of neighbor embedding for generating a high resolution version of a low resolution image. The technique may also be applied to generate high resolution versions of low resolution text images for subsequent input into OCR engines. OCR character error rates found on the high resolution images are drastically lower than those found when OCR is applied to the original low resolution text images.

摘要翻译： 单图像超分辨率（SISR）是从单个低分辨率图像生成高分辨率图像的问题。 被称为相邻嵌入的SISR技术利用低分辨率和高分辨率图像补丁对的训练集合，其中给定对中的补丁代表相同的图像区域。 本发明通过提供用于生成低分辨率图像的高分辨率版本的相邻嵌入的实用的，计算上有效的方法来改进先前的相邻嵌入算法。 该技术还可以应用于生成用于随后输入到OCR引擎的低分辨率文本图像的高分辨率版本。 在高分辨率图像上发现的OCR字符错误率大大低于将OCR应用于原始低分辨率文本图像时发现的错误率。

公开(公告)号：US07076417B2

公开(公告)日：2006-07-11

申请号：US09947250

申请日：2001-09-05

申请人： Rajiv Jain ,  Alan Peisheng Su ,  Chaitali Biswas

发明人： Rajiv Jain ,  Alan Peisheng Su ,  Chaitali Biswas

IPC分类号： G06F9/45

CPC分类号： G06F8/10 ,  G06F17/5022 ,  G06F17/5045

摘要： A method is disclosed for modeling and processing an asynchronous functional specification to provide an input to an architecture synthesis engine. The method includes the step of generating an initial task graph from the specification, the task graph having a number of executable tasks. Selected data and control connections are established between respective tasks in accordance with a specified set of rules to define some of the tasks to be deterministic, and other of the tasks to be non-deterministic. Each of the control connections is then marked, to provide an annotated task graph for use as an input to the architecture synthesis engine, the annotated task graph enabling the engine to employ specified scheduling techniques.

公开(公告)号：US6154054A

公开(公告)日：2000-11-28

申请号：US309165

申请日：1999-05-10

申请人： Mehul D. Shroff ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Andre Stolmeijer ,  Kathryn E. Gordon

发明人： Mehul D. Shroff ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Andre Stolmeijer ,  Kathryn E. Gordon

IPC分类号： H01L23/525 ,  H03K19/177

CPC分类号： H01L23/5252 ,  H01L23/525 ,  H01L2924/0002

摘要： A field programmable gate array has antifuses disposed over logic modules. Each of these antifuses includes a conductive plug and an overlaying region of programmable material (for example, amorphous silicon). To program one of these antifuses, an electric connection is formed through the programmable material to couple the conductive plug to a metal conductor that overlays the region of programmable material. The metal conductor includes a layer of a barrier metal to separate another metal of the conductor (for example, aluminum from an aluminum layer) from migrating into the programmable material when the antifuse is unprogrammed. In some embodiments, less than three percent of all antifuses of the field programmable gate array has a corner (from the top-down perspective) of the region of programmable material that is disposed (within lateral distance DIS of the conductive plug) underneath the metal conductor of that antifuse. In some embodiments, less than seventy-five percent of all antifuses of the field programmable gate array have an edge of the region of programmable material disposed (within lateral distance DIS of the conductive plug) underneath the metal conductor of that antifuse. Other antifuse structures and methods are also disclosed for preventing programmable material corners and/or edges from compromising yield and/or reliability of programmable devices.

摘要翻译： 现场可编程门阵列具有置于逻辑模块上的反熔丝。 这些反熔丝中的每一个包括导电插塞和可编程材料（例如，非晶硅）的覆盖区域。 为了编程这些反熔丝之一，通过可编程材料形成电连接，以将导电插塞耦合到覆盖可编程材料区域的金属导体。 当反熔丝未编程时，金属导体包括隔离金属层，以将导体的另一金属（例如铝从铝层分离）迁移到可编程材料中。 在一些实施例中，现场可编程门阵列的所有反熔丝的小于3％具有可编程材料区域（在导电插塞的横向距离DIS内）（在金属的下侧视角内）的拐角（在导电插塞的横向距离DIS内） 该反熔丝的导体。 在一些实施例中，现场可编程门阵列的所有反熔丝的小于百分之七十五的边缘都是在该反熔丝的金属导体之下设置（在导电插塞的横向距离DIS内）的可编程材料区域的边缘。 还公开了其他反熔丝结构和方法，用于防止可编程材料拐角和/或边缘损害可编程器件的产量和/或可靠性。

公开(公告)号：US5941945A

公开(公告)日：1999-08-24

申请号：US878442

申请日：1997-06-18

申请人： Radhakrishna Aditham ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Muralidharan Srinivasan

发明人： Radhakrishna Aditham ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Muralidharan Srinivasan

IPC分类号： H04L29/06 ,  H04L29/08 ,  G06F15/163

CPC分类号： H04L67/26 ,  G06F9/542 ,  H04L67/2814 ,  G06F2209/544 ,  H04L69/329

摘要： In a colloboration system which allows a plurality of programs to interact, each program registers an "interest" in messages with a session object. The session object, which represents the colloboration session and acts as a collaboration manager, receives all messages but broadcasts a received message only to those programs which have registered an interest in the message. In one embodiment, a colloborative application framework is used to build both the session object and the application programs. The framework includes class code information which is incorporated into each application program by subclassing and which allows each program to communicate with the session object through a predetermined protocol.

摘要翻译： 在允许多个程序进行交互的分支系统中，每个程序在与会话对象的消息中注册“兴趣”。 表示聚合会话并充当协作管理器的会话对象接收所有消息，但仅向已经注册了该消息的兴趣的节目广播所接收的消息。 在一个实施例中，使用colloborative应用程序框架来构建会话对象和应用程序。 框架包括通过子类化并入每个应用程序中的类代码信息，并且允许每个程序通过预定的协议与会话对象进行通信。

公开(公告)号：US5877768A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-02

申请号：US665940

申请日：1996-06-19

申请人： Rajiv Jain

发明人： Rajiv Jain

IPC分类号： G06T15/20 ,  G06T15/40 ,  G06T19/20 ,  G06F15/00

CPC分类号： G06T15/20 ,  G06T15/205 ,  G06T15/405 ,  G06T19/20 ,  G06T2219/2016

摘要： A method for rendering two-dimensional shapes and two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional shapes on a projection plane uses a sorting table to determine which shapes overlap other shapes. For each two-dimensional shape, the shorting table includes an order attribute specifying the front to back ordering of the two-dimensional shapes on the projection plane. For each three-dimensional shape the sorting table includes a Z-value specifying a position along a coordinate perpendicular to the projection plane. The position specified is dependent on whether the three-dimensional shape is perceived to be in front of the projection plane or behind the projection plane. The values in the sorting table are sorted to produce a composite ordering of the shapes and a drawing is created by sequentially rendering each shape in the composite order of the sorting table to depict an overlapped appearance of the shapes.

摘要翻译： 用于在投影平面上渲染三维形状的二维形状和二维投影的方法使用分类表来确定哪些形状与其他形状重叠。 对于每个二维形状，短路表包括指定投影平面上二维形状的前后排序的顺序属性。 对于每个三维形状，分类表包括指定垂直于投影平面的坐标的位置的Z值。 指定的位置取决于三维形状是否被感知在投影平面之前或投影平面之后。 排序表中的值被排序以产生形状的复合排序，并且通过以分类表的复合顺序顺序呈现每个形状来描绘形状的重叠外观来创建绘图。

公开(公告)号：US5455599A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-03

申请号：US416949

申请日：1995-04-04

申请人： Arthur W. Cabral ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Maire L. Howard ,  John Peterson ,  Richard D. Webb ,  Robert Seidl

发明人： Arthur W. Cabral ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Maire L. Howard ,  John Peterson ,  Richard D. Webb ,  Robert Seidl

IPC分类号： G06T1/00 ,  G06T11/00 ,  G06T17/00 ,  G09G5/00

CPC分类号： G06T17/00

摘要： An object-oriented graphic system is disclosed including a processor with an attached display, storage and object-oriented operating system. The graphic system builds a component object in the storage of the processor for managing graphic processing. The processor includes an object for connecting one or more graphic devices to various objects responsible for tasks such as graphic accelerators, frame buffers, page description languages and vector engines. The system is fully extensible and includes polymorphic processing built into each of the support objects.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种面向对象的图形系统，包括具有附接的显示，存储和面向对象的操作系统的处理器。 图形系统在用于管理图形处理的处理器的存储中构建组件对象。 处理器包括用于将一个或多个图形设备连接到负责诸如图形加速器，帧缓冲器，页面描述语言和向量引擎等任务的各种对象的对象。 该系统是完全可扩展的，并且包括内置在每个支持对象中的多态处理。

公开(公告)号：US20100223824A1

公开(公告)日：2010-09-09

申请号：US12774836

申请日：2010-05-06

申请人： Josef A. Mandelbaum ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Allison Marsh ,  Kimberly Bikowski ,  Cathy Tasse ,  David Mayer ,  Eliza DeVogel ,  Katalina Speck ,  Mary McClain ,  Sharon Bogdanski ,  Mindy Leeders ,  Catherine Gruntman

发明人： Josef A. Mandelbaum ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Allison Marsh ,  Kimberly Bikowski ,  Cathy Tasse ,  David Mayer ,  Eliza DeVogel ,  Katalina Speck ,  Mary McClain ,  Sharon Bogdanski ,  Mindy Leeders ,  Catherine Gruntman

IPC分类号： G09F9/00

CPC分类号： B42D15/022 ,  B42D15/042 ,  B42D15/045 ,  B42P2241/12 ,  G09F1/06 ,  G09F27/00

摘要： Electronic greeting cards include a greeting card with two or more interconnected panels in combination with a digital multimedia player device which includes an electronic display and an audio output, and circuitry which is operative to receive, store and play digital multimedia files and content. The various greeting card structures cover and encapsulate or otherwise house and adorn the digital multimedia player. Digital files are loaded on to the digital multimedia player by a connection to a network, or directly from a data storage device such as an SD card or USB connection or compact flash which interfaces with a port in the digital multimedia player. Pre-recorded digital multimedia greeting card content is either pre-loaded on a portable data storage device, or selected for purchase and downloaded or transferred for replay by the digital multimedia player of the electronic greeting card.

摘要翻译： 电子贺卡包括与包括电子显示器和音频输出的数字多媒体播放器设备组合的两个或多个互连面板的贺卡，以及可操作以接收，存储和播放数字多媒体文件和内容的电路。 各种贺卡结构覆盖并封装或以其他方式容纳和装饰数字多媒体播放器。 数字文件通过与网络的连接，或者直接从与数字多媒体播放器中的端口接口的诸如SD卡或USB连接或紧凑闪存的数据存储设备加载到数字多媒体播放器。 预先录制的数字多媒体贺卡内容被预加载在便携式数据存储设备上，或被选择用于购买并被电子贺卡的数字多媒体播放器下载或传送以进行重放。

公开(公告)号：US07187228B1

公开(公告)日：2007-03-06

申请号：US09887834

申请日：2001-06-22

申请人： Rajiv Jain ,  Richard J. Wong

发明人： Rajiv Jain ,  Richard J. Wong

IPC分类号： H01H37/76

CPC分类号： G11C17/18 ,  H01L23/5252 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： An antifuse, which has a programmable material disposed between two conductive elements, is programmed using multiple current pulses of opposite polarity. The first pulse has a current that is insufficient to fully program the antifuse, i.e., produce a desired level of resistance. In one embodiment the first pulse is current limited. The first pulse advantageously drives a conductive filament from one conductive element through the antifuse material, which may be, e.g., amorphous silicon. The conductive filament from the first pulse, however, has a limited cross sectional area. A programming pulse having the same voltage with opposite polarity and a current with increased magnitude is used to drive material from the other conductive element into the antifuse material, which increases the cross sectional area of the conductive filament thereby reducing resistance. Additional programming pulses, as well as current limited pulses, may be used if desired. Programming an antifuse in accordance with the present invention results in an antifuse structure with a conductive filament that is in good contact with both conductive elements, which reduces resistance in the antifuse and increases yield. A programming circuitry is provided that includes a current source and a voltage clamp to program antifuses according the described method.

摘要翻译： 设置在两个导电元件之间的可编程材料的反熔丝使用相反极性的多个电流脉冲进行编程。 第一脉冲具有不足以完全编程反熔丝的电流，即产生期望的电阻水平。 在一个实施例中，第一脉冲是电流限制的。 第一脉冲有利地通过反熔丝材料从一个导电元件驱动导电细丝，反熔丝材料可以是例如非晶硅。 然而，来自第一脉冲的导电细丝具有有限的横截面积。 使用具有相反极性的相同电压和具有增加幅度的电流的编程脉冲将材料从另一导电元件驱动到反熔丝材料中，这增加了导电细丝的横截面积，从而降低了电阻。 如果需要，可以使用额外的编程脉冲以及电流限制脉冲。 根据本发明编写反熔丝导致具有与两个导电元件良好接触的导电细丝的反熔丝结构，这降低了反熔丝中的电阻并提高了产量。 提供了一种编程电路，其包括电流源和用于根据所描述的方法编程反熔丝的电压钳。

公开(公告)号：US06627969B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-30

申请号：US09563091

申请日：2000-05-01

申请人： Rajiv Jain ,  Andre Stolmeijer ,  Mehul D. Shroff

发明人： Rajiv Jain ,  Andre Stolmeijer ,  Mehul D. Shroff

IPC分类号： H01L2900

CPC分类号： H01L23/5252 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A metal-to-metal conductive plug-type antifuse has a conductive plug disposed in an opening in an insulating layer. A programmable material feature (for example, amorphous silicon) overlies the conductive plug. A conductor involving a metal (for example, aluminum or copper) that migrates in the programmable material overlies the programmable material. To prevent migration of metal from the conductor into the programmable material when the antifuse is not programmed, the conductor has a layer of barrier metal between the metal that migrates and the programmable material. In some embodiments, there are two layers of barrier metal. An airbreak after formation of the first barrier metal layer improves the ability of the barrier metal to prevent diffusion between the programmable material and the overlying conductor. The airbreak may stuff grain boundaries in the upper surface of the first barrier metal and/or may cause the first barrier metal layer to have different grains and/or a different grain orientation than the overlaying second barrier metal layer. In some embodiments, a capping layer over the top surface of the programmable material protects the underlying programmable material during an ashing step when a mask used to etch the programmable material is removed. The capping layer and the programmable material form a capping layer/programmable material layer stack within the antifuse underneath the two barrier metal layers. The capping layer may also be made of a barrier metal and constitute an additional barrier.

摘要翻译： 金属对金属导电塞型反熔丝具有设置在绝缘层的开口中的导电插塞。 可编程材料特征（例如，非晶硅）覆盖在导电插塞上。 涉及在可编程材料中迁移的金属（例如铝或铜）的导体覆盖在可编程材料上。 为了防止当反熔丝未编程时金属从导体迁移到可编程材料中，导体在迁移的金属和可编程材料之间具有一层阻挡金属。 在一些实施例中，存在两层屏障金属。 在形成第一阻挡金属层之后的空气破裂提高了阻挡金属防止可编程材料与上覆导体之间的扩散的能力。 所述防风剂可以在第一阻挡金属的上表面填充晶界，和/或可使第一阻挡金属层与覆盖的第二阻挡金属层具有不同的晶粒和/或不同的晶粒取向。 在一些实施例中，当可去除用于蚀刻可编程材料的掩模时，可编程材料顶表面上的覆盖层在灰化步骤期间保护底层可编程材料。 封盖层和可编程材料在两个阻挡金属层下面的反熔丝内形成覆盖层/可编程材料层堆叠。 封盖层也可以由阻挡金属制成并构成另外的屏障。

公开(公告)号：US06169550A

公开(公告)日：2001-01-02

申请号：US09256744

申请日：1999-02-24

申请人： Rajiv Jain

发明人： Rajiv Jain

IPC分类号： G06T1540

CPC分类号： G06T15/20 ,  G06T15/205 ,  G06T15/405 ,  G06T19/20 ,  G06T2219/2016

摘要： A computer method draws overlapped two-dimensional shapes and two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional shapes onto a projection plane in a system of world coordinates X,Y,Z. The method instantiates a plurality of two-dimensional geometry class objects, each of which includes an order attribute specifying an overlapped position for depicting a corresponding two-dimensional shape on a projection plane positioned orthogonally to the Z coordinate of the world coordinate system. The method instantiates a three-dimensional geometry class object including a Z-value for a position along the Z world coordinate of the three-dimensional shape. The method sorts the plurality of two-dimensional geometry class objects by their respective order attributes in a sorting table in the memory. The method sorts the three-dimensional geometry class object by its Z-value in the sorting table and orders it in a composite order with the two-dimensional class objects in the sorting table. The method then draws the two-dimensional shapes and two-dimensional projections of the three-dimensional shapes onto the projection plane in the composite order of the sorting table, to depict an overlapped appearance of the shapes.

摘要翻译： 计算机方法将三维形状的重叠二维形状和二维投影绘制到世界坐标系X，Y，Z的系统中的投影平面上。 该方法实例化多个二维几何类对象，每个二维几何类对象包括指定用于在与世界坐标系的Z坐标正交定位的投影平面上描绘相应的二维形状的重叠位置的顺序属性。 该方法实例化三维几何类对象，其包括沿着三维形状的Z世界坐标的位置的Z值。 该方法通过其在存储器中的分类表中的各自的顺序属性对多个二维几何类对象进行排序。 该方法通过排序表中的Z值对三维几何类对象进行排序，并以排序表中的二维类对象的复合顺序进行排序。 该方法然后以分类表的复合顺序将三维形状的二维形状和二维投影绘制到投影平面上，以描绘形状的重叠外观。