公开(公告)号：US08938118B1

公开(公告)日：2015-01-20

申请号：US13694853

申请日：2012-12-12

申请人： Rajiv Jain ,  David C. Smith

发明人： Rajiv Jain ,  David C. Smith

IPC分类号： G06K9/62

CPC分类号： G06K9/4642 ,  G06K9/6255 ,  G06K9/6857 ,  G06K2209/01

摘要： Single-image super-resolution (SISR) is the problem of generating a high resolution image from a single low resolution image. The SISR technique known as neighbor embedding utilizes a training ensemble of pairs of low and high resolution image patches, where the patches in a given pair represent the same image region. The present invention improves upon prior neighbor embedding algorithms by offering a practical, computationally efficient method of neighbor embedding for generating a high resolution version of a low resolution image. The technique may also be applied to generate high resolution versions of low resolution text images for subsequent input into OCR engines. OCR character error rates found on the high resolution images are drastically lower than those found when OCR is applied to the original low resolution text images.

摘要翻译： 单图像超分辨率（SISR）是从单个低分辨率图像生成高分辨率图像的问题。 被称为相邻嵌入的SISR技术利用低分辨率和高分辨率图像补丁对的训练集合，其中给定对中的补丁代表相同的图像区域。 本发明通过提供用于生成低分辨率图像的高分辨率版本的相邻嵌入的实用的，计算上有效的方法来改进先前的相邻嵌入算法。 该技术还可以应用于生成用于随后输入到OCR引擎的低分辨率文本图像的高分辨率版本。 在高分辨率图像上发现的OCR字符错误率大大低于将OCR应用于原始低分辨率文本图像时发现的错误率。

公开(公告)号：US06515343B1

公开(公告)日：2003-02-04

申请号：US09196946

申请日：1998-11-19

申请人： Mehul D. Shroff ,  Rajiv Jain

发明人： Mehul D. Shroff ,  Rajiv Jain

IPC分类号： H01L2900

CPC分类号： H01L23/564 ,  H01L21/7681 ,  H01L23/5252 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： An antifuse is disposed between a first and second conductor. An insulating diffusion barrier (for example, silicon nitride) covers the sidewalls of the antifuse to inhibit contaminants (for example, copper, chlorine, fluorine, sodium, potassium, and moisture) from diffusing laterally into the antifuse from the interlayer dielectric, where a damascene copper conductor and/or a low-k dielectric is used. In a damascene antifuse structure, the insulating diffusion barrier layer covers an upper surface of the damascene conductor that is not covered by the antifuse. This insulating diffusion barrier layer inhibits copper from diffusing up into an interlayer dielectric and then diffusing laterally into the antifuse.

摘要翻译： 反熔丝设置在第一和第二导体之间。 绝缘扩散阻挡层（例如，氮化硅）覆盖反熔丝的侧壁以阻止污染物（例如铜，氯，氟，钠，钾和水分）从层间电介质横向扩散到反熔丝中，其中 镶嵌铜导体和/或低k电介质。 在镶嵌反熔丝结构中，绝缘扩散阻挡层覆盖未被反熔丝覆盖的镶嵌导体的上表面。 该绝缘扩散阻挡层抑制铜扩散到层间电介质中，然后横向扩散到反熔丝中。

公开(公告)号：US06192419B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-20

申请号：US08878194

申请日：1997-06-18

申请人： Radhakrishna Aditham ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Muralidharan Srinivasan

发明人： Radhakrishna Aditham ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Muralidharan Srinivasan

IPC分类号： G06F1516

CPC分类号： G06F9/54

摘要： A collaborative application framework is used to build application programs which communicate with a central collaboration manager by means of a predetermined protocol. The predetermined protocol allows converters to be located at the collaboration manager site so that the programs neither include, nor require, preconfigured converters. Accordingly, new programs may easily and inexpensively be added to the system. The framework includes class code information which is incorporated into each application program by subclassing and which allows the program to communicate with the central manager by passing messages. The framework further includes class code for creating in the central manager a session object which receives a first message from a first program, converts the information in the first message into an information format utilized by a second program and forward a second messages to the second program containing information in the appropriate format. Since the converting mechanism is a part of a session object, it is not incorporated into first and second programs.

摘要翻译： 协作应用程序框架用于构建通过预定协议与中央协作管理器进行通信的应用程序。 预定协议允许转换器位于协作管理器站点，使得程序既不包括也不需要预配置的转换器。 因此，可以容易且廉价地将新程序添加到系统中。 该框架包括通过子类化合并到每个应用程序中的类代码信息，并且允许程序通过传递消息与中央管理器通信。 框架还包括用于在中央管理器中创建从第一程序接收第一消息的会话对象的类代码，将第一消息中的信息转换成由第二程序使用的信息格式并将第二消息转发到第二程序 包含适当格式的信息。 由于转换机制是会话对象的一部分，因此并不包含在第一和第二程序中。

公开(公告)号：US06107165A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-22

申请号：US133998

申请日：1998-08-13

申请人： Rajiv Jain ,  Andre Stolmeijer ,  Mehul D. Shroff

发明人： Rajiv Jain ,  Andre Stolmeijer ,  Mehul D. Shroff

IPC分类号： H01L23/525 ,  H01L29/00

CPC分类号： H01L23/5252 ,  H01L2924/0002

摘要： A metal-to-metal conductive plug-type antifuise has a conductive plug disposed in an opening in an insulating layer. A programmable material feature (for example, amorphous silicon) overlies the conductive plug. A conductor involving a metal (for example, aluminum or copper) that migrates in the programmable material overlies the programmable material. To prevent migration of metal from the conductor into the programmable material when the antifuse is not programmed, the conductor has a layer of barrier metal between the metal that migrates and the programmable material. In some embodiments, there are two layers of barrier metal. An airbreak after formation of the first barrier metal layer improves the ability of the barrier metal to prevent diffusion between the programmable material and the overlying conductor. The airbreak may stuff grain boundaries in the upper surface of the first barrier metal and/or may cause the first barrier metal layer to have different grains and/or a different grain orientation than the overlaying second barrier metal layer. In some embodiments, a capping layer over the top surface of the programmable material protects the underlying programmable material during an ashing step when a mask used to etch the programmable material is removed. The capping layer and the programmable material form a capping layer/programmable material layer stack within the antifuse underneath the two barrier metal layers. The capping layer may also be made of a barrier metal and constitute an additional barrier.

摘要翻译： 金属对金属导电插塞型防腐剂具有设置在绝缘层的开口中的导电插塞。 可编程材料特征（例如，非晶硅）覆盖在导电插塞上。 涉及在可编程材料中迁移的金属（例如铝或铜）的导体覆盖在可编程材料上。 为了防止当反熔丝未编程时金属从导体迁移到可编程材料中，导体在迁移的金属和可编程材料之间具有一层阻挡金属。 在一些实施例中，存在两层屏障金属。 在形成第一阻挡金属层之后的空气破裂提高了阻挡金属防止可编程材料与上覆导体之间的扩散的能力。 所述防风剂可以在第一阻挡金属的上表面填充晶界，和/或可使第一阻挡金属层与覆盖的第二阻挡金属层具有不同的晶粒和/或不同的晶粒取向。 在一些实施例中，当可去除用于蚀刻可编程材料的掩模时，可编程材料顶表面上的覆盖层在灰化步骤期间保护底层可编程材料。 封盖层和可编程材料在两个阻挡金属层下面的反熔丝内形成覆盖层/可编程材料层堆叠。 封盖层也可以由阻挡金属制成并构成另外的屏障。

公开(公告)号：US5479589A

公开(公告)日：1995-12-26

申请号：US102079

申请日：1993-08-04

申请人： John Peterson ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Robert Seidl

发明人： John Peterson ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Robert Seidl

IPC分类号： G06F3/048 ,  G06F3/033 ,  G06F3/038 ,  G06F3/14 ,  G06T11/00

CPC分类号： G06F3/04842

摘要： A method and apparatus for defining customizable pick, hit or find detection criteria for geometric types and using the results of the search as a basis for determining whether to perform an action. According to the inventive method, a search protocol is defined for geometric types. The search criteria is compared with graphic objects to determine whether the object matches the criteria. Based on the results of the comparison, an output is produced. In addition to allowing customized hit criteria for primitive geometric types, the hit object framework allows hit criteria to be specified for geometric types created by the application developer.

摘要翻译： 一种用于定义几何类型的可定制的拾取，命中或查找检测标准并使用搜索结果作为确定是否执行动作的基础的方法和装置。 根据本发明的方法，为几何类型定义搜索协议。 将搜索条件与图形对象进行比较，以确定对象是否与标准匹配。 根据比较结果，生成输出。 除了允许用于原始几何类型的定制命中标准之外，命中对象框架允许为应用程序开发人员创建的几何类型指定命中标准。

公开(公告)号：US07076417B2

公开(公告)日：2006-07-11

申请号：US09947250

申请日：2001-09-05

申请人： Rajiv Jain ,  Alan Peisheng Su ,  Chaitali Biswas

发明人： Rajiv Jain ,  Alan Peisheng Su ,  Chaitali Biswas

IPC分类号： G06F9/45

CPC分类号： G06F8/10 ,  G06F17/5022 ,  G06F17/5045

摘要： A method is disclosed for modeling and processing an asynchronous functional specification to provide an input to an architecture synthesis engine. The method includes the step of generating an initial task graph from the specification, the task graph having a number of executable tasks. Selected data and control connections are established between respective tasks in accordance with a specified set of rules to define some of the tasks to be deterministic, and other of the tasks to be non-deterministic. Each of the control connections is then marked, to provide an annotated task graph for use as an input to the architecture synthesis engine, the annotated task graph enabling the engine to employ specified scheduling techniques.

公开(公告)号：US6154054A

公开(公告)日：2000-11-28

申请号：US309165

申请日：1999-05-10

申请人： Mehul D. Shroff ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Andre Stolmeijer ,  Kathryn E. Gordon

发明人： Mehul D. Shroff ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Andre Stolmeijer ,  Kathryn E. Gordon

IPC分类号： H01L23/525 ,  H03K19/177

CPC分类号： H01L23/5252 ,  H01L23/525 ,  H01L2924/0002

摘要： A field programmable gate array has antifuses disposed over logic modules. Each of these antifuses includes a conductive plug and an overlaying region of programmable material (for example, amorphous silicon). To program one of these antifuses, an electric connection is formed through the programmable material to couple the conductive plug to a metal conductor that overlays the region of programmable material. The metal conductor includes a layer of a barrier metal to separate another metal of the conductor (for example, aluminum from an aluminum layer) from migrating into the programmable material when the antifuse is unprogrammed. In some embodiments, less than three percent of all antifuses of the field programmable gate array has a corner (from the top-down perspective) of the region of programmable material that is disposed (within lateral distance DIS of the conductive plug) underneath the metal conductor of that antifuse. In some embodiments, less than seventy-five percent of all antifuses of the field programmable gate array have an edge of the region of programmable material disposed (within lateral distance DIS of the conductive plug) underneath the metal conductor of that antifuse. Other antifuse structures and methods are also disclosed for preventing programmable material corners and/or edges from compromising yield and/or reliability of programmable devices.

摘要翻译： 现场可编程门阵列具有置于逻辑模块上的反熔丝。 这些反熔丝中的每一个包括导电插塞和可编程材料（例如，非晶硅）的覆盖区域。 为了编程这些反熔丝之一，通过可编程材料形成电连接，以将导电插塞耦合到覆盖可编程材料区域的金属导体。 当反熔丝未编程时，金属导体包括隔离金属层，以将导体的另一金属（例如铝从铝层分离）迁移到可编程材料中。 在一些实施例中，现场可编程门阵列的所有反熔丝的小于3％具有可编程材料区域（在导电插塞的横向距离DIS内）（在金属的下侧视角内）的拐角（在导电插塞的横向距离DIS内） 该反熔丝的导体。 在一些实施例中，现场可编程门阵列的所有反熔丝的小于百分之七十五的边缘都是在该反熔丝的金属导体之下设置（在导电插塞的横向距离DIS内）的可编程材料区域的边缘。 还公开了其他反熔丝结构和方法，用于防止可编程材料拐角和/或边缘损害可编程器件的产量和/或可靠性。

公开(公告)号：US5941945A

公开(公告)日：1999-08-24

申请号：US878442

申请日：1997-06-18

申请人： Radhakrishna Aditham ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Muralidharan Srinivasan

发明人： Radhakrishna Aditham ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Muralidharan Srinivasan

IPC分类号： H04L29/06 ,  H04L29/08 ,  G06F15/163

CPC分类号： H04L67/26 ,  G06F9/542 ,  H04L67/2814 ,  G06F2209/544 ,  H04L69/329

摘要： In a colloboration system which allows a plurality of programs to interact, each program registers an "interest" in messages with a session object. The session object, which represents the colloboration session and acts as a collaboration manager, receives all messages but broadcasts a received message only to those programs which have registered an interest in the message. In one embodiment, a colloborative application framework is used to build both the session object and the application programs. The framework includes class code information which is incorporated into each application program by subclassing and which allows each program to communicate with the session object through a predetermined protocol.

摘要翻译： 在允许多个程序进行交互的分支系统中，每个程序在与会话对象的消息中注册“兴趣”。 表示聚合会话并充当协作管理器的会话对象接收所有消息，但仅向已经注册了该消息的兴趣的节目广播所接收的消息。 在一个实施例中，使用colloborative应用程序框架来构建会话对象和应用程序。 框架包括通过子类化并入每个应用程序中的类代码信息，并且允许每个程序通过预定的协议与会话对象进行通信。

公开(公告)号：US5877768A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-02

申请号：US665940

申请日：1996-06-19

申请人： Rajiv Jain

发明人： Rajiv Jain

IPC分类号： G06T15/20 ,  G06T15/40 ,  G06T19/20 ,  G06F15/00

CPC分类号： G06T15/20 ,  G06T15/205 ,  G06T15/405 ,  G06T19/20 ,  G06T2219/2016

摘要： A method for rendering two-dimensional shapes and two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional shapes on a projection plane uses a sorting table to determine which shapes overlap other shapes. For each two-dimensional shape, the shorting table includes an order attribute specifying the front to back ordering of the two-dimensional shapes on the projection plane. For each three-dimensional shape the sorting table includes a Z-value specifying a position along a coordinate perpendicular to the projection plane. The position specified is dependent on whether the three-dimensional shape is perceived to be in front of the projection plane or behind the projection plane. The values in the sorting table are sorted to produce a composite ordering of the shapes and a drawing is created by sequentially rendering each shape in the composite order of the sorting table to depict an overlapped appearance of the shapes.

摘要翻译： 用于在投影平面上渲染三维形状的二维形状和二维投影的方法使用分类表来确定哪些形状与其他形状重叠。 对于每个二维形状，短路表包括指定投影平面上二维形状的前后排序的顺序属性。 对于每个三维形状，分类表包括指定垂直于投影平面的坐标的位置的Z值。 指定的位置取决于三维形状是否被感知在投影平面之前或投影平面之后。 排序表中的值被排序以产生形状的复合排序，并且通过以分类表的复合顺序顺序呈现每个形状来描绘形状的重叠外观来创建绘图。

公开(公告)号：US5455599A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-03

申请号：US416949

申请日：1995-04-04

申请人： Arthur W. Cabral ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Maire L. Howard ,  John Peterson ,  Richard D. Webb ,  Robert Seidl

发明人： Arthur W. Cabral ,  Rajiv Jain ,  Maire L. Howard ,  John Peterson ,  Richard D. Webb ,  Robert Seidl

IPC分类号： G06T1/00 ,  G06T11/00 ,  G06T17/00 ,  G09G5/00

CPC分类号： G06T17/00

摘要： An object-oriented graphic system is disclosed including a processor with an attached display, storage and object-oriented operating system. The graphic system builds a component object in the storage of the processor for managing graphic processing. The processor includes an object for connecting one or more graphic devices to various objects responsible for tasks such as graphic accelerators, frame buffers, page description languages and vector engines. The system is fully extensible and includes polymorphic processing built into each of the support objects.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种面向对象的图形系统，包括具有附接的显示，存储和面向对象的操作系统的处理器。 图形系统在用于管理图形处理的处理器的存储中构建组件对象。 处理器包括用于将一个或多个图形设备连接到负责诸如图形加速器，帧缓冲器，页面描述语言和向量引擎等任务的各种对象的对象。 该系统是完全可扩展的，并且包括内置在每个支持对象中的多态处理。