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公开(公告)号：US4830085A
公开(公告)日：1989-05-16
申请号：US160729
申请日：1988-02-26
CPC分类号： F02F7/00 , B22C9/046 , B22D18/06 , F02F2200/08
摘要： A lost foam casting system (2) is provided with vacuum lift of molten metal (16) to an evaporative foam pattern assembly (8) surrounded by unbonded particulate media such as sand (6) in a flask (4). A gas permeable member (34, 70) or passage (72, 74) is provided between the sand and a vertical fill passage (20) to apply vacuum from the sand to the fill passage such that molten metal is vacuum lifted through the fill passage to the foam pattern assembly, such that the foam material vaporizes as the molten metal advances upward and is replaced by the metal in the shape of the pattern assembly.
摘要翻译： 一个失去泡沫的铸造系统（2）被提供有熔融金属（16）的真空升降到由烧瓶（4）中的未结合的颗粒介质如砂（6）包围的蒸发泡沫图案组件（8）。 透气构件（34,70）或通道（72,74）设置在沙子和垂直填充通道（20）之间，以从沙子向填充通道施加真空，使得熔融金属通过填充通道被真空提升 到泡沫图案组件，使得当熔融金属向上前进时，泡沫材料气化，并被图案组件形状的金属代替。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5165464A
公开(公告)日：1992-11-24
申请号：US767260
申请日：1991-09-27
CPC分类号： B22D17/24 , B22D21/007 , B22D29/002
摘要： A method of high pressure casting of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloys using a salt core to form wear resistant articles, such as engine blocks. To produce an engine block, one or more solid salt cores are positioned within a metal mold with the space between the cores and the mold defining a die cavity. A molten hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy containing more than 12% silicon is fed into the die cavity and on solidification of the molten alloy, precipitated silicon crystals are formed, which are distributed throughout the wall thickness of the cast part and also on the surface bordering the salt cores which constitute the cylinder bores in the cast block. The salt cores are subsequently removed from the cast block by contact with a solvent such as water.
摘要翻译： 使用盐芯高过渡共晶铝硅合金的高压铸造方法来形成诸如发动机块的耐磨制品。 为了产生发动机缸体，一个或多个固体盐芯位于金属模具内，其中芯和模具之间的空间限定模腔。 将含有12％以上硅的熔融过共晶铝硅合金进料到模腔中，并在熔融合金凝固时形成析出的硅晶体，其分布在铸件的壁厚以及边界面 构成缸体的盐芯在铸块中钻孔。 盐芯随后通过与溶剂如水接触而从铸块中除去。
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公开(公告)号：US4787434A
公开(公告)日：1988-11-29
申请号：US946812
申请日：1986-12-29
CPC分类号： F02F7/00 , B22C9/046 , B22D18/06 , F02F2200/08
摘要： A lost foam casting system (2) is provided with vacuum lift of molten metal (16) to an evaporative foam pattern assembly (8) surrounded by unbonded particulate media such as sand (6) in a flask (4). A gas permeable member (34, 70) or passage (72, 74) is provided between the sand and a vertical fill passage (20) to apply vacuum from the sand to the fill passage such that molten metal is vacuum lifted through the fill passage to the foam pattern assembly, such that the foam material vaporizes as the molten metal advances upward and is replaced by the metal in the shape of the pattern assembly.
摘要翻译： 一个失去泡沫的铸造系统（2）被提供有熔融金属（16）的真空升降到由烧瓶（4）中的未结合的颗粒介质如砂（6）包围的蒸发泡沫图案组件（8）。 透气构件（34,70）或通道（72,74）设置在沙子和垂直填充通道（20）之间，以从沙子向填充通道施加真空，使得熔融金属通过填充通道被真空提升 到泡沫图案组件，使得当熔融金属向上前进时，泡沫材料气化，并被图案组件形状的金属代替。
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公开(公告)号：US5303682A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-19
申请号：US778012
申请日：1991-10-17
IPC分类号： F02F7/00
CPC分类号： B22D13/04 , B22D13/102 , F02F7/0085 , F05C2201/021 , F05C2203/06
摘要： A hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy cylinder bore liner is produced by feeding the molten alloy into a metal mold having an inner shell sand cup, while rotating the mold at a speed in excess of 1,000 rpm, to cause the molten alloy to be thrown outwardly by centrifugal force to form a cylindrical liner. On solidification of the alloy, discrete silicon particles are precipitated and the use of the sand shell increases the fluid life of the alloy to enable the lighter weight silicon particles to migrate inwardly under the centrifugal force of rotation, to produce a solidified liner having a greater volume fraction of silicon particles in the inner portion of the liner where greater wear resistance is desired.
摘要翻译： 通过将熔融合金进料到具有内壳砂杯的金属模具中，同时以超过1,000rpm的速度旋转模具，使熔融合金向外抛出，从而产生过共晶铝硅合金缸内衬 离心力形成圆柱形衬套。 在合金固化时，离散的硅颗粒被沉淀，并且使用砂壳增加合金的流体寿命，以使得较轻重量的硅颗粒在离心旋转力下向内迁移，以产生具有较大的 衬垫内部的硅颗粒的体积分数需要较大的耐磨性。
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公开(公告)号：US5009260A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-23
申请号：US351599
申请日：1989-07-20
CPC分类号： B22D18/06 , F02F7/00 , F02F2200/08
摘要： A lost foam casting system (2) is provided with vacuum lift of molten metal (16) to an evaporative foam pattern assembly (8) surrounded by unbonded particulate media such as sand (6) in a flask (4). A gas permeable member (34, 70) formed of randomly oriented ceramic fibers is provided between the sand and a vertical fill passage (20) to apply vacuum from the sand to the fill passage such that molten metal is vacuum lifted through the fill passage to the foam pattern assembly. The foam material is vaporized by the heat of the molten metal as the metal advances upward and is replaced by the metal in the shape of the pattern assembly.
摘要翻译： 一个失去泡沫的铸造系统（2）被提供有熔融金属（16）的真空升降到由烧瓶（4）中的未结合的颗粒介质如砂（6）包围的蒸发泡沫图案组件（8）。 在随机取向的陶瓷纤维之间形成的可透气构件（34,70）设置在砂和垂直填充通道（20）之间，以将沙子的真空施加到填充通道，使得熔融金属通过填充通道被真空提升至 泡沫图案组件。 当金属向上移动时，泡沫材料被熔融金属的热量蒸发，并被图案组件形状的金属代替。
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6.发明授权Evaporable foam casting system utilizing an aluminum-silicon alloy containing a high magnesium content 失效使用含有高镁含量的铝硅合金的可蒸发泡沫浇注系统
公开(公告)号：US5290373A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-01
申请号：US52170
申请日：1993-04-23
摘要： A method of evaporable foam casting of metal articles, such as engine blocks for internal combustion engines. An evaporable foam pattern having a configuration proportionally identical to the article to be cast is positioned in a mold and a finely divided flowable material, such as sand, surrounds the pattern and fills the internal cavities of the pattern. A molten hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy containing 16% to 19.5% by weight of silicon and containing a magnesium content in excess of the magnesium solid solubility limit, is fed into the mold and into contact with the pattern. The heat of the molten metal vaporizes the pattern, with the vapor being trapped within the sand and the molten metal filling the void created by vaporization of the pattern to provide a cast article. The high magnesium content in the alloy produces in the solid state a Mg.sub.2 Si phase in the eutectic and in the molten state an insulating magnesium oxide surface film which decreases the chilling of the molten metal front and prevents the liquid styrene defects resulting from degradation of the polymeric material.
摘要翻译： 一种用于内燃机的发动机缸体的金属制品的可蒸发泡沫铸造的方法。 具有与要铸造的制品成比例地相同的构造的可蒸发泡沫图案位于模具中，并且细碎的可流动材料（例如砂）围绕图案并填充图案的内部空腔。 将含有16重量％至19.5重量％硅并含有镁含量超过镁固溶度极限的熔融过共晶铝硅合金进料到模具中并与图案接触。 熔融金属的热量蒸发图案，其中蒸汽被捕获在砂中，并且熔融金属填充由图案的蒸发产生的空隙以提供铸造制品。 合金中的高镁含量在固态中产生在共晶中和在熔融状态下的Mg2Si相，其中绝缘的氧化镁表面膜减少了熔融金属前沿的冷却，并且防止由聚合物降解引起的液体苯乙烯缺陷 材料。
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7.发明授权Method of expendable pattern casting using sand with specific thermal properties 失效使用具有特定热性能的沙子的消耗模式铸造方法
公开(公告)号：US5355931A
公开(公告)日：1994-10-18
申请号：US119035
申请日：1993-09-09
摘要： A method of producing dimensionally predictable metal castings utilizing an expendable polymeric foam pattern along with unbonded sand having specific thermal properties. The pattern, formed of a material such as polystyrene, has a configuration corresponding to that of the article to be cast. The pattern is placed with an outer flask and unbonded sand surrounds the pattern as well as filling the cavities in the pattern. The sand has a linear expansion of less than 1% from 0.degree. C. to 1600.degree. C., a heat diffusivity greater than 1500 J/m.sup.2 /.degree.K/S1/2, an AFS grain fineness number of 25 to 33, and an AFS base permeability number of 450 to 500. A molten metal, such as an aluminum alloy or a ferrous alloy, is fed into the mold in contact with the pattern causing the pattern to vaporize with the vapor being entrapped within the interstices of the sand while the molten metal fills the space initially occupied by the foam pattern to produce a cast article. The physical properties of the sand enable articles to be cast having more precise and predictable tolerances.
摘要翻译： 使用消耗性聚合物泡沫图案以及具有特定热特性的未粘合砂制造尺寸可预测的金属铸件的方法。 由诸如聚苯乙烯的材料形成的图案具有对应于待铸造制品的构型。 将图案放置在外部烧瓶中，并且未粘合的砂围绕图案以及以图案填充空腔。 砂从0℃到1600℃的线膨胀小于1％，热扩散系数大于1500J / m 2 /°K / S1 / 2，AFS颗粒细度为25〜33， AFS基础渗透性数值为450至500.将诸如铝合金或铁合金的熔融金属与图案接触地进料到模具中，导致图案蒸发，蒸汽被捕获在砂的空隙内 而熔融金属填充最初由泡沫图案占据的空间以产生铸造制品。 砂的物理性能使得能够铸造的制品具有更精确和可预测的公差。
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公开(公告)号：US4875985A
公开(公告)日：1989-10-24
申请号：US258035
申请日：1988-10-14
CPC分类号： C22B34/1263 , C22B4/005 , C22B9/226
摘要： A method of producing titanium. A quantity of titanium is heated in a crucible to provide a melt, and a layer of slag, containing an ionizable titanium compound, such as titanium dioxide, along with ionizable slag constituents, is disposed on the top of the melt. The slag is then heated to a molten state by direct current plasma arc heating with the melt being anodic. After the slag is molten, the polarity of the plasma arc heating is reversed so that the melt is cathodic, causing the slag to act as an electron transfer layer so that the titanium dioxide of the slag is reduced to titanium and any dissolved oxygen in the melt is converted to an ionic species of oxygen at the interface between the slag and the melt. The resulting liquid titanium is combined with the melt, while the ionic species of oxygen is carried upwardly through the slag and released from the slag layer by an oxidation process. Additional quantities of titanium dioxide can be added to the slag to continually convert the titanium dioxide to titanium under the reverse polarity plasma arc heating.
摘要翻译： 钛的制造方法。 在坩埚中加热一定数量的钛以提供熔体，并且在熔体的顶部设置包含可电离的钛化合物（例如二氧化钛）以及可离子化的炉渣成分的炉渣层。 然后通过直接等离子体电弧加热将炉渣加热至熔融状态，熔体是阳极的。 炉渣熔化后，等离子体电弧加热的极性反转，使得熔体呈阴极，从而使炉渣作为电子转移层，从而将炉渣的二氧化钛还原为钛，并将其中的溶解氧 熔体在炉渣和熔体之间的界面转化为氧离子。 所得到的液体钛与熔体结合，而氧的离子物质向上运送通过炉渣并通过氧化过程从渣层释放。 可以向渣中加入额外量的二氧化钛，以在反极性等离子体电弧加热下将二氧化钛连续地转化为钛。
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公开(公告)号：US5038847A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-13
申请号：US438936
申请日：1989-11-16
CPC分类号： B22C9/046 , B22C7/023 , Y10T74/2173
摘要： A pattern for use in casting a rotatable shaft, such as a crankshaft for an internal combustion engine. The pattern includes an evaporable foam pattern section composed of a material such as polystyrene and having a configuration conforming to the crankshaft to be cast. The evaporable foam pattern section includes a plurality of cranks connected by bearing areas, and tubular metal inserts formed of bearing quality steel are disposed around each bearing area and around the pin areas of the cranks. In the casting process, the pattern is placed in a mold and surrounded with a finely divided material such as sand. When molten ferrous metal is fed into contact with the pattern, the pattern will vaporize with the vapor passing into the interstices of the sand while the molten ferrous metal will occupy the void created by the vaporized foam to produce a cast crankshaft having bearing quality steel inserts at the bearing and pin areas.
摘要翻译： 用于铸造可旋转轴的图案，例如用于内燃机的曲轴。 图案包括由诸如聚苯乙烯的材料构成的具有符合要铸造的曲轴的构造的可蒸发泡沫图案部分。 可蒸发泡沫图形部分包括多个通过轴承区域连接的曲柄，并且由轴承质量钢形成的管状金属镶嵌物设置在每个轴承区域和曲柄的销区周围。 在铸造过程中，将图案放置在模具中并用诸如砂的细碎材料包围。 当熔融的黑色金属与图案接触时，图案将随着进入砂的间隙的蒸气而蒸发，而熔融的黑色金属将占据由汽化的泡沫产生的空隙，以产生具有轴承质量钢插件的铸造曲轴 在轴承和销区域。
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公开(公告)号：US4969428A
公开(公告)日：1990-11-13
申请号：US339052
申请日：1989-04-14
IPC分类号： C22C21/02
CPC分类号： C22C21/02
摘要： A hypereutectic aluminum silicon alloy having an improved distribution of primary silicon in the microstructure. The alloy is composed by weight of 20% to 30% silicon, 0.4% to 1.6% magnesium, up to 1.4% iron, up to 0.3% manganese, 0.25% copper maximum and the balance aluminum. With this composition the aluminum silicon alloy system exhibits near zero shrinkage on solidification, a similarity of the liquid aluminum-silicon alloy and the primary silicon during the early stages of primary silicon precipitation, and thereby minimizes floatation of the precipitated primary silicon and to provide a more uniform distribution of the primary silicon in the microstructure and increase the wear resistant characteristics of the alloy.
摘要翻译： 一种过共晶铝硅合金，其具有改善微观结构中初级硅的分布。 该合金由20％至30％的硅，0.4％至1.6％的镁，至多1.4％的铁，至多0.3％的锰，0.25％的铜最大值和余量的铝组成。 利用该组合物，铝硅合金体系在一次硅沉淀的早期阶段在凝固时表现出接近零收缩，液态铝 - 硅合金和初级硅的相似性，从而使沉淀的一次硅的浮选最小化，并提供 一次硅在微结构中的分布更均匀，增加了合金的耐磨性能。
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