公开(公告)号：US06754739B1

公开(公告)日：2004-06-22

申请号：US09651945

申请日：2000-08-31

申请人： Richard E. Kessler ,  Michael S. Bertone ,  Gregg A. Bouchard ,  Maurice B. Steinman

发明人： Richard E. Kessler ,  Michael S. Bertone ,  Gregg A. Bouchard ,  Maurice B. Steinman

IPC分类号： G06F1300

CPC分类号： G06F9/544

摘要： A method and architecture for improved system resource management and allocation for the processing of request and response messages in a computer system. The resource management scheme provides for dynamically sharing system resources, such as data buffers, between request and response messages or transactions. In particular, instead of simply dedicating a portion of the system resources to requests and the remaining portion to responses, a minimum amount of resources are reserved for responses and a minimum amount for requests, while the remaining resources are dynamically shared between both types of messages. The method and architecture of the present invention allows for more efficient use of system resources, while avoiding deadlock conditions and ensuring a minimum service rate for requests.

摘要翻译： 一种用于改进系统资源管理和分配以在计算机系统中处理请求和响应消息的方法和架构。 资源管理方案提供在请求和响应消息或事务之间动态共享系统资源，例如数据缓冲器。 特别地，不是简单地将系统资源的一部分专用于请求，而将余下的部分用于响应，而是为响应保留最小量的资源和用于请求的最小量，而剩余的资源在两种类型的消息之间动态共享 。 本发明的方法和体系结构允许更有效地利用系统资源，同时避免死锁状况并确保请求的最低服务速率。

公开(公告)号：US06662265B1

公开(公告)日：2003-12-09

申请号：US09652704

申请日：2000-08-31

申请人： Richard E. Kessler ,  Maurice B. Steinman ,  Michael S. Bertone ,  Peter J. Bannon ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

发明人： Richard E. Kessler ,  Maurice B. Steinman ,  Michael S. Bertone ,  Peter J. Bannon ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

IPC分类号： G06F1200

CPC分类号： G06F12/0215 ,  G06F13/1631

摘要： A system and method is disclosed to track a large number of open pages in a computer memory system. The computer system contains one or more processors each including a memory controller containing a page table, the page table organized into a plurality of rows with each row able to store an address of an open memory page. A RIMM module containing RDRAM devices is coupled to each processor, each RDRAM containing a plurality of memory banks. The page table increases system memory performance by tracking a large number of open memory pages. Associated with the page table is a bank active table that indicates the memory banks in each RDRAM device having open memory pages. The page table enqueues accesses to the RIMM module in a precharge queue resulting from a page miss caused by the address of an open memory page occupying the same row of the page table as the address of the system memory access resulting in the page miss. The page table also enqueues accesses to system memory in a Row-address-select (“RAS”) queue resulting from a page miss caused by a row of the page table not containing any open memory page address. The page table enqueues accesses to system memory resulting in page hits to open memory pages in a Column-address-select (“CAS”) queue. An entry in the precharge queue is then enqueued into the RAS queue. An entry in the RAS queue after completion is enqueued into the CAS Read or CAS Write queue.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种在计算机存储器系统中跟踪大量打开页面的系统和方法。 计算机系统包含一个或多个处理器，每个处理器包括包含页表的存储器控​​制器，所述页表被组织成多行，每行能够存储打开存储器页的地址。 包含RDRAM设备的RIMM模块耦合到每个处理器，每个RDRAM包含多个存储器组。 页面表通过跟踪大量的开放内存页面来增加系统内存性能。 与页表相关联的是一个存储区活动表，指示每个具有打开存储器页的RDRAM设备中的存储体。 页表格排队访问预充电队列中的RIMM模块，这是由于打开的内存页面的地址与页表的同一行的地址导致的页错误导致的系统内存访问的地址导致页错过。 页表还对由行页地址选择（“RAS”）队列访问系统内存进行排队，这是由于不包含任何打开的内存页地址的页表的行引起的页错误导致的。 页面表格对对系统内存的访问进行排队，导致页面命中，以打开列地址选择（“CAS”）队列中的内存页面。 然后将预充电队列中的条目排入RAS队列。 完成后RAS队列中的条目排入CAS读取或CAS写入队列。

公开(公告)号：US06622225B1

公开(公告)日：2003-09-16

申请号：US09652325

申请日：2000-08-31

申请人： Richard E. Kessler ,  Michael S. Bertone ,  Michael C. Braganza ,  Gregg A. Bouchard ,  Maurice B. Steinman

发明人： Richard E. Kessler ,  Michael S. Bertone ,  Michael C. Braganza ,  Gregg A. Bouchard ,  Maurice B. Steinman

IPC分类号： G06F1200

CPC分类号： G06F13/1642

摘要： A computer system includes a memory controller interfacing the processor to a memory system. The memory controller supports a memory system with a plurality of memory devices, with multiple memory banks in each memory device. The memory controller supports simultaneous memory accesses to different memory banks. Memory bank conflicts are avoided by examining each transaction before it is loaded in the memory transaction queue. On a first clock cycle, the new pending memory request is transferred from a pending request queue to a memory mapper. On the subsequent clock cycle, the memory mapper formats the pending memory request into separate signals identifying the DEVICE, BANK, ROW and COLUMN to be accessed by the pending transaction. In the next clock cycle, the DEVICE and BANK signals are compared with every entry in the memory transaction queue to determine if a bank conflict exists. If so, the new memory request is rejected and recycled to the pending request queue.

摘要翻译： 计算机系统包括将处理器与存储器系统接口的存储器控​​制器。 存储器控制器支持具有多个存储器设备的存储器系统，每个存储器设备中具有多个存储体。 存储器控制器支持对不同存储体的同时存储器访问。 通过在每个事务加载到内存事务队列中之前检查每个事务来避免存储器组冲突。 在第一个时钟周期中，新的挂起的存储器请求从挂起的请求队列传送到存储器映射器。 在随后的时钟周期中，存储器映射器将待处理的存储器请求格式化成单独的信号，标识要由待处理事务访问的DEVICE，BANK，ROW和COLUMN。 在下一个时钟周期中，将DEVICE和BANK信号与存储器事务队列中的每个条目进行比较，以确定是否存在存储库冲突。 如果是这样，新的内存请求被拒绝并被回收到挂起的请求队列。

公开(公告)号：US07024533B2

公开(公告)日：2006-04-04

申请号：US10441451

申请日：2003-05-20

申请人： Richard E. Kessler ,  Peter J. Bannon ,  Maurice B. Steinman ,  Scott E. Breach ,  Allen J. Baum ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

发明人： Richard E. Kessler ,  Peter J. Bannon ,  Maurice B. Steinman ,  Scott E. Breach ,  Allen J. Baum ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

IPC分类号： G06F12/00

CPC分类号： G06F13/1689

摘要： A computer system has a memory controller that includes read buffers coupled to a plurality of memory channels. The memory controller advantageously eliminates the inter-channel skew caused by memory modules being located at different distances from the memory controller. The memory controller preferably includes a channel interface and synchronization logic circuit for each memory channel. This circuit includes read and write buffers and load and unload pointers for the read buffer. Unload pointer logic generates the unload pointer and load pointer logic generates the load pointer. The pointers preferably are free-running pointers that increment in accordance with two different clock signals. The load pointer increments in accordance with a clock generated by the memory controller but that has been routed out to and back from the memory modules. The unload pointer increments in accordance with a clock generated by the computer system itself Because the trace length of each memory channel may differ, the time that it takes for a memory module to provide read data back to the memory controller may differ for each channel. The “skew” is defined as the difference in time between when the data arrives on the earliest channel and when data arrives on the latest channel. During system initialization, the pointers are synchronized. After initialization, the pointers are used to load and unload the read buffers in such a way that the effects of inner-channel skew is eliminated.

公开(公告)号：US06636955B1

公开(公告)日：2003-10-21

申请号：US09652480

申请日：2000-08-31

申请人： Richard E. Kessler ,  Peter J. Bannon ,  Maurice B. Steinman ,  Scott E. Breach ,  Allen J. Baum ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

发明人： Richard E. Kessler ,  Peter J. Bannon ,  Maurice B. Steinman ,  Scott E. Breach ,  Allen J. Baum ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

IPC分类号： G06F1200

CPC分类号： G06F13/1689

摘要： A computer system has a memory controller that includes read buffers coupled to a plurality of memory channels. The memory controller advantageously eliminates the inter-channel skew caused by memory modules being located at different distances from the memory controller. The memory controller preferably includes a channel interface and synchronization logic circuit for each memory channel. This circuit includes read and write buffers and load and unload pointers for the read buffer. Unload pointer logic generates the unload pointer and load pointer logic generates the load pointer. The pointers preferably are free-running pointers that increment in accordance with two different clock signals. The load pointer increments in accordance with a clock generated by the memory controller but that has been routed out to and back from the memory modules. The unload pointer increments in accordance with a clock generated by the computer system itself. Because the trace length of each memory channel may differ, the time that it takes for a memory module to provide read data back to the memory controller may differ for each channel. The “skew” is defined as the difference in time between when the data arrives on the earliest channel and when data arrives on the latest channel. During system initialization, the pointers are synchronized. After initialization, the pointers are used to load and unload the read buffers in such a way that the effects of inner-channel skew is eliminated.

摘要翻译： 计算机系统具有存储器控制器，其包括耦合到多个存储器通道的读取缓冲器。 存储器控制器有利地消除由存储器模块位于与存储器控制器不同的距离处引起的通道间偏移。 存储器控制器优选地包括用于每个存储器通道的通道接口和同步逻辑电路。 该电路包括读取和写入缓冲区，读取缓冲区的加载和卸载指针。 卸载指针逻辑生成卸载指针，加载指针逻辑生成加载指针。 指针优选地是根据两个不同的时钟信号递增的自由运行指针。 负载指针根据由存储器控制器产生的时钟增加，但是已经被引出到存储器模块和从存储器模块返回。 卸载指针根据计算机系统本身产生的时钟增加。 因为每个存储器通道的迹线长度可能不同，所以存储器模块将读数据提供给存储器控制器所花费的时间可能对于每个通道而言可能不同。 “偏斜”被定义为数据到达最早通道时和数据到达最新通道之间的时间差。 在系统初始化期间，指针是同步的。 初始化之后，这些指针用于加载和卸载读取缓冲区，从而消除内部信道偏移的影响。

公开(公告)号：US06704817B1

公开(公告)日：2004-03-09

申请号：US09652323

申请日：2000-08-31

申请人： Maurice B. Steinman ,  Richard E. Kessler ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

发明人： Maurice B. Steinman ,  Richard E. Kessler ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

IPC分类号： G06F1300

CPC分类号： G06F13/4059

摘要： An efficient system and method for managing reads and writes on a bi-directional bus to optimize bus performance while avoiding bus contention and avoiding read/write starvation. In particular by intelligently managing reads and writes on a bi-directional bus, bus latency can be reduced while still ensuring no bus contention or read/write starvation. This is accomplished by utilizing bus streaming control logic, separate queues for reads and writes, and a simple 2 to 1 mux.

摘要翻译： 一种有效的系统和方法，用于管理双向总线上的读取和写入，以优化总线性能，同时避免总线争用并避免读取/写入饥饿。 特别是通过智能地管理双向总线上的读写操作，可以减少总线延迟，同时确保没有总线争用或读/写饥饿。 这是通过利用总线流控制逻辑，单独的队列读取和写入以及简单的2到1多路复用来实现的。

公开(公告)号：US06546453B1

公开(公告)日：2003-04-08

申请号：US09653093

申请日：2000-08-31

申请人： Richard E. Kessler ,  Maurice B. Steinman ,  Peter J. Bannon ,  Michael C. Braganza ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

发明人： Richard E. Kessler ,  Maurice B. Steinman ,  Peter J. Bannon ,  Michael C. Braganza ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

IPC分类号： G06F1200

CPC分类号： G06F12/0882 ,  G06F12/0215 ,  G06F12/0607

摘要： A computer system contains a processor that includes a software programmable memory mapper. The memory mapper maps an address generated by the processor into a device address for accessing physical main memory. The processor also includes a cache controller that maps the processor address into a cache address. The cache address places a block of data from main memory into a memory cache using an index subfield. The physical main memory contains RDRAM devices, each of the RDRAM devices containing a number of memory banks that store rows and columns of data. The memory mapper maps processor addresses to device addresses to increases memory system performance. The mapping minimizes memory access conflicts between the memory banks. Conflicts between memory banks are reduced by placing a number of bits corresponding to the bank subfield above the most significant boundary bit of the index subfield. This diminishes page misses caused by replacement of data blocks from the cache memory because the read of the new data block and write of the victim data block are not to the same memory bank. Adjacent memory bank conflicts are reduced for sequential accesses to memory banks by reversing the bit order of a bank number subfield within the bank subfield of the device address.

摘要翻译： 计算机系统包含包括软件可编程存储器映射器的处理器。 存储器映射器将由处理器生成的地址映射到用于访问物理主存储器的设备地址。 处理器还包括将处理器地址映射到高速缓存地址的高速缓存控制器。 高速缓存地址使用索引子字段将主存储器的数据块放入存储器高速缓存。 物理主存储器包含RDRAM设备，每个RDRAM设备包含存储行和数据列的多个存储器组。 内存映射器将处理器地址映射到设备地址，以提高内存系统性能。 该映射最小化了存储体之间的存储器访问冲突。 通过将对应于银行子字段的多个位放置在索引子字段的最高有效边界位之上来减少存储体之间的冲突。 由于新数据块的读取和受害者数据块的写入不是同一个存储体，这会减少由高速缓冲存储器替换数据块所造成的页面错误。 通过反转设备地址的银行子字段内的库号子字段的位顺序，减少了对存储体的顺序访问的相邻存储体冲突。

公开(公告)号：US06920512B2

公开(公告)日：2005-07-19

申请号：US10780395

申请日：2004-02-17

申请人： Maurice B. Steinman ,  Richard E. Kessler ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

发明人： Maurice B. Steinman ,  Richard E. Kessler ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

IPC分类号： G06F13/40 ,  G06F13/00

CPC分类号： G06F13/4059

摘要： An efficient system and method for managing reads and writes on a bi-directional bus to optimize bus performance while avoiding bus contention and avoiding read/write starvation. In particular, by intelligently managing reads and writes on a bi-directional bus, bus latency can be reduced while still ensuring no bus contention or read/write starvation. This is accomplished by utilizing bus streaming control logic, separate queues for reads and writes, and a simple 2 to 1 mux.

摘要翻译： 一种有效的系统和方法，用于管理双向总线上的读取和写入，以优化总线性能，同时避免总线争用并避免读取/写入饥饿。 特别地，通过智能地管理双向总线上的读取和写入，可以减少总线延迟，同时仍然确保没有总线争用或读取/写入饥饿。 这是通过利用总线流控制逻辑，单独的队列读取和写入以及简单的2到1多路复用来实现的。

公开(公告)号：US06591349B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-08

申请号：US09653094

申请日：2000-08-31

申请人： Maurice B. Steinman ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

发明人： Maurice B. Steinman ,  Gregg A. Bouchard

IPC分类号： G06F1200

CPC分类号： G06F13/1642 ,  G06F13/1631

摘要： A system and method is disclosed to increase computer memory system performance by reducing lost clock cycles caused by bus turnarounds. The computer system contains one or more processors each including a memory controller containing a page table, the page table organized into a plurality of rows with each row able to store an address of an open memory page. The memory controller also contains a precharge queue, a Row-address-select (“RAS”) queue, a Column-address-select (“CAS”) Read queue, and a CAS Write queue. The CAS Read queue and CAS Write queue outputs are connected to a 2-to-1 multiplexer. The 2-to-1 multiplexer streams groups of read requests and groups of write requests to main memory resulting in fewer lost clock cycles caused by bus turnarounds. The memory controller places system memory read requests into the CAS Read queue and system memory write requests into the CAS Write queue.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种通过减少由总线周转引起的丢失的时钟周期来增加计算机存储器系统性能的系统和方法。 计算机系统包含一个或多个处理器，每个处理器包括包含页表的存储器控​​制器，所述页表被组织成多行，每行能够存储打开存储器页的地址。 存储器控制器还包含预充电队列，行地址选择（“RAS”）队列，列地址选择（“CAS”）读队列和CAS写队列。 CAS读队列和CAS写队列输出连接到2对1多路复用器。 2对1多路复用器将读请求组和写请求组传送到主存储器，导致由总线周转引起的丢失时钟周期更少。 内存控制器将系统内存读取请求放入CAS读取队列和系统内存写入请求到CAS写队列中。

公开(公告)号：US09417679B2

公开(公告)日：2016-08-16

申请号：US13674476

申请日：2012-11-12

申请人： Greg Sadowski ,  Alexander J. Branover ,  Maurice B. Steinman

发明人： Greg Sadowski ,  Alexander J. Branover ,  Maurice B. Steinman

IPC分类号： G06F1/32

CPC分类号： G06F1/3212 ,  G06F1/3287 ,  Y02D10/171 ,  Y02D10/174

摘要： Various computing devices and methods of managing the power consumption thereby are disclosed. In one aspect, a method of managing power consumption of a computing device that has a battery is provided. The method includes cycling the computing device between a connected standby active state and a connected standby idle state. The duration of the connected standby idle state is set based at least in part on a charge level of the battery.

摘要翻译： 公开了各种计算设备和管理功耗的方法。 一方面，提供一种管理具有电池的计算装置的功耗的方法。 该方法包括在连接的待机活动状态和连接的待机空闲状态之间循环计算设备。 连接的待机空闲状态的持续时间至少部分地基于电池的充电水平来设定。