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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5273102A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-28
申请号：US988362
申请日：1992-12-09
摘要： A method and apparatus for casting a molten metallic material in ingot form are provided wherein the molten metallic material is transported to the ingot mold and an upper surface temperature and temperature distribution of the molten metal pool in the casting mold are measured by an imaging radiometer which is disposed external to a vacuum chamber enclosing the ingot mold, and is disposed to view the ingot pool surface through a sight port. At least one electron beam gun is employed to direct a stream of electrons at the ingot pool surface, the intensity of which is selectively modulated and the impingement of the stream of electrons is simultaneously selectively positioned in order to maintain a desired preselected mold pool surface temperature and temperature distribution thereby yielding a preselected metallurgical structure in the solidified ingot. The imaging radiometer may provide a video signal as an output, and may be connected to a video analyzer and video monitor which are used to provide an image of the surface temperature and temperature distribution, enabling an operator to control the electron beam gun in performing the ingot casting method.
摘要翻译： 提供一种用于铸造锭状熔融金属材料的方法和装置，其中熔融的金属材料被输送到锭铸模，并且通过成像辐射计测量铸模中的熔融金属池的上表面温度和温度分布， 设置在包围铸锭模具的真空室的外部，并且设置成通过视口观察铸锭池表面。 使用至少一个电子束枪来引导晶锭池表面的电子流，其强度被选择性地调制并且电子流的冲击同时被选择性地定位，以便保持期望的预选模具池表面温度 和温度分布，从而在固化锭中产生预选的冶金结构。 成像辐射计可以提供视频信号作为输出，并且可以连接到用于提供表面温度和温度分布的图像的视频分析仪和视频监视器，使得操作者能够控制电子束枪执行 锭铸造方法。
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2.发明授权Method and apparatus for casting an arc melted metallic material in ingot form 失效铸锭铸造电弧熔化金属材料的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5273101A
公开(公告)日：1993-12-28
申请号：US710616
申请日：1991-06-05
IPC分类号： B22D9/00 , B22D11/04 , B22D11/041 , B22D11/11 , B22D23/00 , B22D23/06 , C22B9/20 , C22F3/00 , B22D11/16 , B22D27/02
摘要： A method and apparatus for casting a molten metallic material in ingot form are provided wherein the molten metallic material is transported to the ingot mold and an upper surface temperature and temperature distribution of the molten metal pool in the casting mold are measured by an imaging radiometer which is disposed external to an inert gas filled chamber enclosing the ingot mold, and is disposed to view the ingot pool surface through a sight port. At least one plasma arc torch is employed to direct an arc at the ingot pool surface, the intensity of which is selectively modulated and the impingement of the arc is simultaneously selectively positioned in order to maintain a desired preselected mold pool surface temperature and temperature distribution thereby yielding a preselected metallurgical structure in the solidified ingot. The imaging radiometer may provide a video signal as an output, and may be connected to a video analyzer and video monitor which are used to provide an image of the surface temperature and temperature distribution, enabling an operator to control the plasma arc torch in performing the ingot casting method.
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3.发明授权Infrared sensor for the control of plasma-jet spray coating and electric are heating processes 失效用于等离子体喷涂和电气控制的红外传感器是加热过程
公开(公告)号：US4656331A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-07
申请号：US710765
申请日：1985-03-11
CPC分类号： B23K9/0956 , B05B12/082 , B05B7/226 , B22D11/001 , B22D11/113 , B22D21/02 , C23C4/134 , H05H1/0043
摘要： A multi-purpose optical sensor operates in the medium-to-far infrared wavelength spectral region to sense the surface temperature of plasma-jet spray coating materials. This plasma itself emits little or no radiation in this region and, accordingly, the output signal from the sensor is used to adjust the electrical input and other variables associated with the plasma spray torch to insure that particles arriving at the substrate surface to be coated are, in fact, in a molten state. The sensor employs infrared filters and, additionally, the sensor is used to monitor not only coating and temperature but also plasma beam divergence and particle seeding density to provide other control functions.In another embodiment, the sensor is used to measure the temperature and size of a molten metal pool in the presence of an electric arc, as in the case of the melting and pouring of metal to form ingots, and to control the electric arc and other melting parameters so as to control the size and temperature of the molten pool. It may also be used to locate the position of foreign matter on the surface of the molten pool and to manipulate the arc so as to move the foreign matter away from the pouring region, thereby restricting the amount of such foreign matter which enters the poured metal stream, thus producing cleaner ingots having improved freedom from inclusions.
摘要翻译： 多用途光学传感器在中至远红外波长光谱区域中工作，以感测等离子喷涂喷涂材料的表面温度。 该等离子体本身在该区域中发射很少或没有辐射，因此来自传感器的输出信号用于调整电输入和与等离子体喷枪相关联的其他变量，以确保到达待涂覆的基板表面的颗粒为 事实上，在熔融状态。 该传感器采用红外线过滤器，此外，该传感器不仅用于监测涂层和温度，还用于监测等离子体束发散和颗粒播种密度，以提供其他控制功能。 在另一个实施例中，传感器用于在存在电弧的情况下测量熔融金属池的温度和尺寸，如熔融和浇注金属以形成锭的情况，并且控制电弧等 熔融参数以控制熔池的尺寸和温度。 也可以用于定位熔池表面上的异物位置并操纵电弧，以将异物移离浇注区域，从而限制进入浇注金属的异物量 从而产生具有改善的与夹杂物的自由度的更清洁的锭料。
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公开(公告)号：US5106012A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-21
申请号：US225907
申请日：1988-07-29
申请人： John M. Hyzak , Timothy E. Howson , Wilford H. Couts, Jr. , Steven H. Reichman , Hugo E. Delgado , Daniel D. Kruger , Michael E. Sauby , Sulekh C. Jain , Bruce P. Bardes , Richard G. Menzies , Swami Ganesh
发明人： John M. Hyzak , Timothy E. Howson , Wilford H. Couts, Jr. , Steven H. Reichman , Hugo E. Delgado , Daniel D. Kruger , Michael E. Sauby , Sulekh C. Jain , Bruce P. Bardes , Richard G. Menzies , Swami Ganesh
CPC分类号： B21K1/32 , B21J5/00 , F01D5/02 , Y10S72/70 , Y10T29/49316 , Y10T29/4932
摘要： Two pieces of metal are bonded together at a surface by placing the two pieces into contact at the surface and forging the two pieces in a die which causes substantial displacement of the metal originally at the surface in a direction parallel to and outwardly from the edges of the surface. In this way, many of the defects which are potentially present at the original surface are displaced with moving metal away from the original contact between the two pieces of metal into sacrificial ribs and the remaining defects are exposed to significant strain. A portion of the displaced metal which contains many of the defects and which forms the sacrificial ribs is removed from the resulting bonded work piece as the sacrificial ribs are removed from the work piece. The result is a bond with superior properties and with a bond surface which can be located very precisely. This system is particularly appropriate for forming dual-alloy high-pressure turbine disks for gas turbines in which an annular peripheral ring of a second super-alloy is bonded to a central core of a first super-alloy. The system is particularly effective if, prior to forging, surfaces to be bonded are closely shape-conforming, are very clean, and are diffusion-bonded using hot isostatic pressing while the surfaces are gas-free. The sacrificial ribs are formed by vents in the impression of the forging dies. The vents are adjacent to the outer edges of the bond surface. The system may be accomplished by using one or more strikes of the same dies, or may include multiple strikes in which only one side of the bond is vented during each strike.
摘要翻译： 两块金属在表面上通过将两个部件在表面上接触并且将两个部件锻造在模具中而在一个表面上结合在一起，该模具使原来在表面处的金属在平行于和向外从 表面。 以这种方式，可能存在于原始表面的许多缺陷被移动的金属从两块金属之间的原始接触件移开到牺牲肋中，并且剩余的缺陷暴露于显着的应变。 当牺牲肋从工件上移除时，包含许多缺陷并形成牺牲肋的位移金属的一部分从所得到的粘合工件中被去除。 结果是具有优异性能和可以非常精确地定位的粘结表面的粘结。 该系统特别适用于形成用于燃气轮机的双合金高压涡轮盘，其中第二超合金的环形外围环结合到第一超级合金的中心芯。 如果在锻造之前，要结合的表面紧密形状，非常干净，并且在表面无气体时使用热等静压进行扩散粘合，该系统是特别有效的。 牺牲肋由锻造模具的印模形成。 通风口与接合表面的外边缘相邻。 该系统可以通过使用相同模具的一个或多个冲击来实现，或者可以包括多次冲击，其中在每次冲击期间仅释放粘结件的一侧。
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公开(公告)号：US20090276074A1
公开(公告)日：2009-11-05
申请号：US12114435
申请日：2008-05-02
申请人： John Pfeiffer , Paul A. Domas , Richard G. Menzies , Joseph C. Kulesa , James A. Worachek , Walter Douglas Howard
发明人： John Pfeiffer , Paul A. Domas , Richard G. Menzies , Joseph C. Kulesa , James A. Worachek , Walter Douglas Howard
IPC分类号： G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G05B19/40937 , G05B2219/35172 , G05B2219/36307 , Y02P80/40 , Y02P90/265
摘要： A method and system for controlling machining processes are provided. The system includes a computer system communicatively coupled to a database. The computer system is configured to receive data relating to manufactured part processes, identify at least one machining process used to manufacture a part and a parameter of the at least one machining process, receive survey data relating to the manufacturing process parameters used during the at least one machining process, and receive identification data for the manufactured part. The computer is further configured to receive data relating to a design of experiment (DOE), determine an low cycle fatigue (LCF) life distribution, identify process parameters that affect the LCF, and determine an allowable range for each identified process parameters for safe operation. The computer system is further configured to output the process window embodied in a specification associated with at least one of the part and the process.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于控制加工过程的方法和系统。 该系统包括通信地耦合到数据库的计算机系统。 计算机系统被配置为接收与制造的零件工艺有关的数据，识别用于制造所述至少一个加工过程的零件和参数的至少一个加工过程，接收与至少在所述至少一个加工过程中使用的制造过程参数有关的测量数据 一个加工过程，并且接收所制造的部件的识别数据。 计算机还被配置为接收与实验设计（DOE）有关的数据，确定低循环疲劳（LCF）寿命分布，识别影响LCF的过程参数，以及确定用于安全操作的每个识别的过程参数的允许范围 。 该计算机系统进一步被配置为输出体现在与该部分和该过程中的至少一个相关联的规范中的过程窗口。
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公开(公告)号：US5120352A
公开(公告)日：1992-06-09
申请号：US779827
申请日：1992-05-02
IPC分类号： B22F9/08
CPC分类号： B22F9/08 , B22F2009/0856
摘要： An improved method for making a metal powder employs improved apparatus comprising, in combination, a fluid-cooled hearth for receiving metallic material which defines an alloy and which is to be melted, a plasma heat source adapted to melt the metallic material, a powder metal producer, and means to introduce the molten metallic material from the hearth into the powder metal producer. The fluid-cooled walls of the hearth resolidify a portion of the molten metallic material to form a skull as a barrier between the hearth and additional molten alloy produced within the hearth. This method and apparatus restricts introduction of impurities into the molten alloy which is later introduced into the powder metal producer. In one form, a fluid-cooled pouring trough, as a stream control device, can be disposed between the hearth and the powder producer to receive molten metal from the hearth and to introduce it into the powder metal producer.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的制造金属粉末的方法采用改进的装置，其组合包括用于接收限定合金并将要熔化的金属材料的流体冷却的炉床，用于熔化金属材料的等离子体热源，粉末金属 生产者，以及将来自炉膛的熔融金属材料引入粉末金属生产者的手段。 炉壁的流体冷却壁重新固化熔融金属材料的一部分，以形成玄武石作为炉膛之间的屏障和在炉膛内产生的另外的熔融合金。 该方法和装置限制了将杂质引入熔融合金中，后者被引入到粉末金属生产商中。 在一种形式中，作为流控制装置的流体冷却的倾倒槽可以设置在炉膛和粉末生产者之间以从炉膛接收熔融金属并将其引入粉末金属制造商。
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公开(公告)号：US5413752A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-09
申请号：US957113
申请日：1992-10-07
CPC分类号： C22C1/0433 , B22F3/24 , C22F1/10
摘要： Fatigue crack growth-resistant articles are made from powder metal or cast and wrought gamma prime precipitation strengthened nickel-base superalloy material, wherein a relatively high predetermined minimum strain rate, .epsilon..sub.min, is employed during hot working at or near the alloy's recrystallization temperature; or alternatively a relatively high strain level, .epsilon..sub.min, is employed during cold or warm working at temperatures below the alloy's recrystallization temperature. The worked articles are characterized by a uniform fine grain size, and grains which coarsen uniformly after heating at the supersolvus solutioning temperature, thereby alleviating non-uniform grain growth within the material.
摘要翻译： 疲劳裂纹生长抗性制品由粉末金属或铸造和锻造的γ析出强化的镍基超合金材料制成，其中在合金的再结晶温度或接近合金的热加工期间采用相对较高的预定最小应变速率εmin; 或者在低于合金的再结晶温度的温度下，在冷或热加工期间采用相对高的应变水平，εmin。 加工制品的特征在于均匀的细粒度，以及在超溶解温度下加热后均匀地粗化的晶粒，从而减轻材料内不均匀的晶粒生长。
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公开(公告)号：US5263689A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-23
申请号：US833881
申请日：1992-02-11
申请人： Richard G. Menzies , Joseph Hopkins , Joseph J. Jackson , Richard W. Lober , David P. Mourer , Robert G. Zimmerman, Jr.
发明人： Richard G. Menzies , Joseph Hopkins , Joseph J. Jackson , Richard W. Lober , David P. Mourer , Robert G. Zimmerman, Jr.
CPC分类号： B22F9/08 , B22F2009/0856
摘要： Apparatus for producing a metal powder includes a cooled hearth structure in which a metallic alloy is melted and a heat source above the hearth positioned to heat the melt in the hearth. The cooling of the hearth causes a protective hearth skull to form between the melt and the hearth itself. The hearth is placed within an environmental control chamber. A supply structure provides a continuous supply of the metallic alloy to the hearth structure from the exterior of the chamber. A metal powder producer is positioned to receive molten metal from the hearth, and a continuous stream of the molten alloy from the hearth is transferred to the metal powder producer. The transfer is accomplished by tipping the hearth or by teeming through an opening in the bottom of the hearth. The hearth structure can utilize two individual hearths, controllably arranged so that molten metal is drawn from one hearth while the other is recharged.
摘要翻译： 用于制造金属粉末的装置包括冷却的炉床结构，其中金属合金熔化，并且在炉床上方设置有用于加热炉床中的熔体的热源。 炉底的冷却会导致熔体和炉底本身之间形成保护性炉膛。 炉床放置在环境控制室内。 供应结构从室的外部向炉床结构提供金属合金的连续供应。 金属粉末生产者被定位成从炉床接收熔融金属，并且来自炉床的熔融合金的连续流转移到金属粉末生产者。 转移是通过倾倒炉膛或通过炉膛底部的开口来完成的。 炉床结构可以利用两个独立的炉膛，其可控地布置成使得熔融金属从一个炉膛中抽出，而另一个被再充电。
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公开(公告)号：US08112170B2
公开(公告)日：2012-02-07
申请号：US12114435
申请日：2008-05-02
申请人： John Pfeiffer , Paul A. Domas , Richard G. Menzies , Joseph C. Kulesa , James A. Worachek , Walter Douglas Howard
发明人： John Pfeiffer , Paul A. Domas , Richard G. Menzies , Joseph C. Kulesa , James A. Worachek , Walter Douglas Howard
IPC分类号： G06F17/00
CPC分类号： G05B19/40937 , G05B2219/35172 , G05B2219/36307 , Y02P80/40 , Y02P90/265
摘要： A method and system for controlling machining processes are provided. The system includes a computer system communicatively coupled to a database. The computer system is configured to receive data relating to manufactured part processes, identify at least one machining process used to manufacture a part and a parameter of the at least one machining process, receive survey data relating to the manufacturing process parameters used during the at least one machining process, and receive identification data for the manufactured part. The computer is further configured to receive data relating to a design of experiment (DOE), determine an low cycle fatigue (LCF) life distribution, identify process parameters that affect the LCF, and determine an allowable range for each identified process parameters for safe operation. The computer system is further configured to output the process window embodied in a specification associated with at least one of the part and the process.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于控制加工过程的方法和系统。 该系统包括通信地耦合到数据库的计算机系统。 计算机系统被配置为接收与制造的零件工艺相关的数据，识别用于制造所述至少一个加工过程的零件和参数的至少一个加工过程，接收与至少在所述至少一个加工过程中使用的制造工艺参数有关的测量数据 一个加工过程，并且接收所制造的部件的识别数据。 计算机还被配置为接收与实验设计（DOE）相关的数据，确定低循环疲劳（LCF）寿命分布，识别影响LCF的过程参数，并且确定用于安全操作的每个识别的过程参数的允许范围 。 该计算机系统进一步被配置为输出体现在与该部分和该过程中的至少一个相关联的规范中的过程窗口。
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公开(公告)号：US06654650B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-25
申请号：US09442572
申请日：1999-11-18
IPC分类号： G05B1302
CPC分类号： G05B19/41875 , Y02P90/14 , Y02P90/22
摘要： Methods for error proofing, which also improve material, or information, flow through a process, are described. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of identifying a process responsible for at least one error, process mapping the identified process, identifying at least one step in the identified process at which scrap and/or nonconformance occurred, and razing the identified process. The step of razing, in the one embodiment, is performed by determining whether a plurality of errors throughout the identified process occurs, and if a plurality of errors are identified throughout the identified process, determining whether a different process can be substituted for the identified process, and if the different process can be substituted for the identified process, then substituting the different process for the identified process. If the different process cannot be substituted for the identified process, then the process further includes performing the steps of determining whether the identified step can be eliminated, and if the step can be eliminated, then eliminating the step.
摘要翻译： 描述了通过过程改进材料或信息的错误校正方法。 在一个实施例中，该方法包括以下步骤：识别负责至少一个错误的过程，对所识别的过程进行映射的过程，识别所识别的过程中发生废料和/或不一致的至少一个步骤，以及突出所识别的过程。 在一个实施例中，通过确定整个识别的过程中是否发生多个错误，并且如果在所识别的过程中识别出多个错误，则确定是否可以用不同的过程替代所识别的过程来执行在一个实施例中的步骤 并且如果不同的过程可以替代所识别的过程，则将不同的过程替换为所识别的过程。 如果不同的过程不能代替所识别的过程，则该过程还包括执行确定所识别的步骤是否可以被消除的步骤，以及如果可以消除步骤，则消除步骤。
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