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公开(公告)号：US07214443B2
公开(公告)日：2007-05-08
申请号：US10484581
申请日：2002-02-12
申请人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , Peter J. Millington , Samaresh Mohanta
发明人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , Peter J. Millington , Samaresh Mohanta
IPC分类号： H01M4/36
CPC分类号： H01M10/4235 , H01M4/48 , H01M10/30 , H01M10/36 , H01M2300/0005
摘要： A battery (100) comprises a cell having a cathode compartment (120) that includes an element that is oxidized during charging of the battery (100), wherein the oxidized element forms a salt with an acid and thereby increases the H+ concentration in the cathode compartment (120) sufficient to promote an H+ flux into the anode compartment (110) across the separator (130), wherein the H+ flux across the separator (130) is sufficient to disintegrate a zinc dendrite proximal to the separator (130).
摘要翻译： 电池（100）包括具有阴极室（120）的电池，其包括在电池（100）充电期间被氧化的元件，其中所述氧化元素与酸形成盐，从而增加阴极中的H +浓度 隔室（120），其足以促使穿过隔板（130）的H +通量进入阳极室（110），其中穿过隔板（130）的H +通量足以使靠近分离器（130）的锌枝晶分解。
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公开(公告)号：US07625663B2
公开(公告)日：2009-12-01
申请号：US10483941
申请日：2002-02-12
申请人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , Peter J. Millington , Samaresh Mohanta
发明人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , Peter J. Millington , Samaresh Mohanta
摘要： A power cell (100A) has an electrolyte that includes a reodox pair comprising cerium. The electrolyte in preferred cells is an acid electrolyte that comprises a element ion complexed by an organic acid or a chelating agent, and contemplated electrolytes may further include a compound that reduces the hydrogen overpotential. Where the power cell comprises a plurality of cells (100B), preferred configurations may include glassy carbon as bipolar electrolytes.
摘要翻译： 电力电池（100A）具有含有包含铈的反氧化对的电解质。 优选电池中的电解质是包含由有机酸或螯合剂络合的元素离子的酸性电解质，并且预期的电解质可以进一步包括降低氢过电位的化合物。 在功率单元包括多个电池（100B）的情况下，优选的构造可以包括作为双极电解质的玻璃碳。
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公开(公告)号：US20080233484A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-25
申请号：US11870329
申请日：2007-10-10
申请人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , Peter J. Millington , Samaresh Mohanta
发明人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , Peter J. Millington , Samaresh Mohanta
CPC分类号： H01M6/182 , H01M6/22 , H01M2300/008 , H01M2300/0085 , H01M2300/0091
摘要： An electric device comprises a gelled acid electrolyte in complex with a lanthanide that forms a redox pair with a second element. Preferred electric devices include batteries, and especially primary batteries, while preferred acid electrolytes have a sulfonic acid group. Contemplated lanthanides especially include cerium, and preferred second elements particularly include zinc. Alternatively, contemplated electric devices may comprise a gelled electrolyte in which with a lanthanide forms a redox pair with zinc.
摘要翻译： 电气装置包括与镧系元素复合的凝胶酸电解质，其与第二元素形成氧化还原对。 优选的电气设备包括电池，特别是初级电池，而优选的酸性电解质具有磺酸基。 考虑的镧系元素特别包括铈，优选的第二元素尤其包括锌。 或者，预期的电气装置可以包括凝胶电解质，其中镧系元素与锌形成氧化还原对。
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公开(公告)号：US07270911B2
公开(公告)日：2007-09-18
申请号：US10483951
申请日：2001-08-10
申请人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , Peter J. Millington , Samaresh Mohanta
发明人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , Peter J. Millington , Samaresh Mohanta
IPC分类号： H01M4/36
CPC分类号： H01M4/368 , H01M2/40 , H01M6/26 , H01M10/36 , H01M2300/0005
摘要： A load leveling battery (122) comprising an electrolyte that includes a cerium zinc redox pair wherein preferred electrolytes are acid electrolytes, and most preferably comprise methane sulfonic acid. Contemplated load leveling batteries (122) have an open circuit voltage of at least 2.4 Volt per cell. Such batteries are useful at power grid substations (120) and commercial and industrial applications were large amounts of power are used. Preferred capacity is at least 100,000 kWh, more preferably 250,000 kWh.
摘要翻译： 一种负载均衡电池（122），其包含电解质，所述电解质包括铈锌氧化还原对，其中优选的电解质是酸性电解质，并且最优选包含甲烷磺酸。 考虑到的负载均衡电池（122）的开路电压每个电池至少为2.4伏特。 这种电池在电网变电站（120）中是有用的，并且商业和工业应用使用大量的电力。 优选容量为至少100,000kWh，更优选为25万kWh。
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公开(公告)号：US07560189B2
公开(公告)日：2009-07-14
申请号：US10483942
申请日：2002-02-12
申请人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , J. Peter Millington , Samaresh Mohanta
发明人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , J. Peter Millington , Samaresh Mohanta
CPC分类号： H01M6/045 , H01M2/1653 , H01M4/368 , H01M4/38 , H01M10/36 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0085
摘要： A battery (100B) comprises an electrolyte in which a first element forms a redox pair with a second element, wherein the battery (100B) is charged at a voltage sufficient to plate the first element at the anode (122B) and wherein the voltage is insufficient to plate the second element on the anode (122B). Preferred batteries include secondary batteries comprising a mixed electrolyte that includes a redox pair formed by a first element and a second element.
摘要翻译： 电池（100B）包括其中第一元件与第二元件形成氧化还原对的电解质，其中电池（100B）以足以在阳极（122B）处平板化第一元件的电压被充电，并且其中电压为 不足以在阳极（122B）上平板化第二元件。 优选的电池包括包含由第一元件和第二元件形成的氧化还原对的混合电解质的二次电池。
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公开(公告)号：US07033696B2
公开(公告)日：2006-04-25
申请号：US10366118
申请日：2003-02-12
申请人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian J. Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , J. Peter Millington , Samaresh Mohanta , Bernd Busse
发明人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian J. Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , J. Peter Millington , Samaresh Mohanta , Bernd Busse
CPC分类号： H01M10/056 , H01M4/12 , H01M4/366 , H01M4/38 , H01M4/48 , H01M6/045 , H01M10/18 , H01M2004/029
摘要： An electric device has a plurality of cells in which in an acid electrolyte a lanthanide and zinc form a redox couple that provide a current, and in which at least two of the cells are separated by a bipolar electrode that comprises a glassy carbon or a Magneli phase titanium suboxide.
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公开(公告)号：US20090159459A1
公开(公告)日：2009-06-25
申请号：US12064581
申请日：2006-08-10
IPC分类号： C02F1/461
CPC分类号： C25C1/22 , C02F1/20 , C02F1/42 , C02F1/4676 , C02F1/66 , C02F1/70 , C02F1/705 , C02F9/00 , C02F2001/425 , C02F2101/103 , C02F2201/46115 , C02F2201/46185 , C02F2303/16 , C25C7/00 , C25C7/08
摘要： Contemplated devices and methods for arsenic recovery employ a two-step process in which an arsenite and arsenate-containing solution is first subjected to a non-electrochemical reduction that reduces arsenate and arsenite. The arsenate-depleted arsenite-containing solution is the subjected to electrochemical reduction at alkaline pH using a cathode with a high-surface carbon portion. Most preferably, the treated solution is then used as eluent for an adsorbent that removed arsenate and arsenite from a water supply.
摘要翻译： 用于砷回收的考虑的装置和方法采用两步法，其中首先进行亚砷酸盐和含砷酸盐溶液的非电化学还原，其还原砷酸盐和亚砷酸盐。 使用具有高表面碳部分的阴极，在碱性pH下对含砷酸砷的含砷溶液进行电化学还原。 最优选地，将经处理的溶液用作用于从供水中除去砷酸盐和亚砷酸盐的吸附剂的洗脱剂。
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公开(公告)号：US06986966B2
公开(公告)日：2006-01-17
申请号：US10418678
申请日：2003-04-17
申请人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian J. Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , J. Peter Millington , Samaresh Mohanta
发明人： Robert Lewis Clarke , Brian J. Dougherty , Stephen Harrison , J. Peter Millington , Samaresh Mohanta
IPC分类号： H01M6/48
CPC分类号： H01M4/8631 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/188 , H01M8/20 , Y02E60/528
摘要： A battery comprises an acid electrolyte in which a compound provides acidity to the electrolyte and further increases solubility of at least one metal in the redox pair. Especially preferred compounds include alkyl sulfonic acids and alkyl phosphonic acids, and particularly preferred redox coupled include Co3+/Zn0, Mn3+/Zn0, Ce4+/V2+, Ce4+/Ti3+, Ce4+/Zn0, and Pb4+/Pb0.
摘要翻译： 电池包括其中化合物向电解质提供酸性并进一步增加至少一种金属在氧化还原对中的溶解度的酸性电解质。 特别优选的化合物包括烷基磺酸和烷基膦酸，特别优选的氧化还原偶联包括Co 3+，Zn 3+， Zn 0+，Ce 4+ / V 2 +，Ce 4+ / Ti 3+， / SUP>，4+ + / + 0，以及Pb 4+ + Pb 0 0。
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公开(公告)号：US20090014337A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-15
申请号：US10596932
申请日：2004-12-20
CPC分类号： C02F1/467 , C02F1/42 , C02F1/4672 , C02F1/4676 , C02F2001/46133 , C02F2101/163 , C02F2201/46115 , C02F2201/46185 , C02F2209/04 , C02F2209/06
摘要： Devices and methods are presented for removal and destruction of nitrate from water using an ion exchange medium from which the nitrate is eluted using brine, and in which the so generated eluent is sequentially reduced and oxidized in distinct compartments to form nitrogen from nitrate and ammonia, respectively. In especially preferred devices and methods, the reduced and oxidized eluent is re-reduced to electrochemically destroy hypohalites formed during oxidation. Among other advantages, contemplated devices and methods allow nitrate destruction with minimal concomitant production of nitrite and hypohalites.
摘要翻译： 提供了使用离子交换介质从水中去除和破坏硝酸盐的装置和方法，使用盐水从其中洗脱硝酸盐，其中如此产生的洗脱液在不同的隔室中依次还原和氧化以形成来自硝酸盐和氨的氮气， 分别。 在特别优选的装置和方法中，还原和氧化的洗脱液被还原以电化学地破坏在氧化期间形成的次卤酸盐。 除了其他优点之外，预期的装置和方法允许硝酸盐破坏，同时最少伴随产生亚硝酸盐和次卤酸盐。
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公开(公告)号：US20090008333A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-08
申请号：US12168398
申请日：2008-07-07
IPC分类号： B01D15/42 , C02F103/04 , B01D15/36 , C02F1/42 , B01D15/08 , C02F101/12
摘要： Perchlorate is removed and effectively destroyed in devices and methods that employ a eluting solvent in which the anion of an acid solubilizes Ti (III), which may be electrochemically generated or added in situ. Using such solvents, destruction of perchlorate is unexpectedly and several orders of magnitude faster than using solvents without solubilizing acids. In most preferred aspects, the solubilizing acid is methane sulfonic acid and/or sulfamic acid, and Ti (III) is electrochemically generated. Perchlorate destruction will then result in formation of Ti (IV), which may be present in the eluent in a subsequent elution.
摘要翻译： 高氯酸盐被去除并在使用洗脱溶剂的装置和方法中被有效地破坏，其中酸的阴离子溶解Ti（III），其可以电化学产生或原位加入。 使用这样的溶剂，高氯酸盐的破坏意外地比使用不溶解酸的溶剂快几个数量级。 在最优选的方面，增溶酸是甲磺酸和/或氨基磺酸，并且电化学地生成Ti（III）。 然后，高氯酸盐破坏将导致形成Ti（IV），其可以在随后的洗脱中存在于洗脱液中。
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