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    Magnetically tunable optical attenuator and method of attenuating signals
    1.
    发明授权
    Magnetically tunable optical attenuator and method of attenuating signals 有权
    磁调谐光衰减器和衰减信号的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06301425B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-10-09

    申请号：US09255299

    申请日：1999-02-22

    申请人： Rolando Patricio Espindola ,  Randy Clinton Giles ,  Sungho Jin ,  Hareesh Mavoori

    发明人： Rolando Patricio Espindola ,  Randy Clinton Giles ,  Sungho Jin ,  Hareesh Mavoori

    IPC分类号： G02B600

    CPC分类号： G02B6/353 ,  G02B6/266 ,  G02B6/3532 ,  G02B6/3572 ,  G02B6/358 ,  G02B6/3594

    摘要： A variable attenuator device is disclosed that may be magnetically and latchably controlled such that it does not require a continuous power supply to maintain a particular loss level. The variable attenuator comprises two optical components disposed in spaced apart relation to define a gap between them and a magnetic shutter positioned within the gap. The shutter is movable, due to its magnetic properties, from a first position to at least a second position, where the second position may be within, partially within, or outside of the gap. A mechanism is provided for magnetizing or actuating the shutter to cause it to move from the first position to the at least second position. When the shutter is in the first position, it causes a certain amount of attenuation in the signal being transmitted between the two optical components, and when it moves to the at least second position, a different amount of attenuation is caused, such that movement of the shutter causes a variation in the attenuation. With this attenuator, the variation in attenuation may be achieved via coupling loss while the optical components (e.g., mating fibers), are maintained in a fixed position, thereby avoiding difficulties associated with fiber movement.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种可变的衰减器装置，其可被磁性和可锁定地控制，使得其不需要连续的电源来维持特定的损耗水平。 可变衰减器包括以间隔开的关系设置的两个光学部件，以限定它们之间的间隙和位于间隙内的磁性快门。 快门由于其磁性，可以从第一位置移动到至少第二位置，其中第二位置可以在间隙的内部，部分地在外部或外部。 提供了用于磁化或致动快门以使其从第一位置移动到至少第二位置的机构。 当快门处于第一位置时，其在两个光学部件之间的信号中产生一定量的衰减，并且当其移动到至少第二位置时，引起不同的衰减量， 快门会导致衰减的变化。 利用该衰减器，可以通过耦合损耗来实现衰减的变化，同时光学部件（例如，配合光纤）保持在固定位置，从而避免与光纤移动有关的困难。

    Magnetically reconfigurable optical grating devices and communication systems
    4.
    发明授权
    Magnetically reconfigurable optical grating devices and communication systems 失效
    磁可重构光栅设备和通信系统

    公开(公告)号：US6141470A

    公开(公告)日：2000-10-31

    申请号：US20206

    申请日：1998-02-06

    申请人： Rolando Patricio Espindola ,  Sungho Jin ,  Hareesh Mavoori ,  Thomas Henry Tiefel, deceased

    发明人： Rolando Patricio Espindola ,  Sungho Jin ,  Hareesh Mavoori ,  Thomas Henry Tiefel, deceased

    IPC分类号： G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/01 ,  H04J14/02

    CPC分类号： G02B6/2932 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/29322 ,  G02B6/29383 ,  G02B6/29395 ,  G02F1/011 ,  G02F1/0134 ,  G02F2201/307 ,  H04J14/0209 ,  H04J14/021 ,  H04J14/0219

    摘要： The invention is a reconfigurable optical grating device using force from programmable magnets to alter the mechanical strain, preferably a tensile strain, on the gratings so as to induce a latchable change in grating periodicity using a pulse or short-duration current. It includes apparatus for limiting the maximum strain applied to the grating so that the fiber does not fracture, and it provides strain without rotation or twisting of the fiber grating. In preferred embodiment it provides control of magnetic force so as to accurately obtain a predetermined amount of strain and hence wavelength shift in the grating with a minimal amount of electrical power. The inventive structure is useful, e.g. for wavelength division multiplexed optical communication system comprising wavelength channel add/drop devices and/or dynamically gain-equalized amplifiers.

    摘要翻译： 本发明是使用来自可编程磁体的力改变光栅上的机械应变（优选拉伸应变）的可重构光栅装置，以便使用脉冲或短持续时间电流来引起光栅周期性的可锁定变化。 它包括用于限制施加到光栅的最大应变的装置，使得光纤不断裂，并且其提供应变而不会旋转或扭曲光纤光栅。 在优选实施例中，它提供磁力的控制，以便以最小的电功率精确地获得光栅中的预定量的应变和因此波长偏移。 本发明的结构是有用的，例如 用于包括波长信道分插装置和/或动态增益均衡放大器的波分复用光通信系统。

    Magnetostrictive wavelength-shifting devices and optical communication systems comprising same
    5.
    发明授权
    Magnetostrictive wavelength-shifting devices and optical communication systems comprising same 有权
    磁致伸缩波长移位装置和包括它们的光通信系统

    公开(公告)号：US6122421A

    公开(公告)日：2000-09-19

    申请号：US159907

    申请日：1998-09-24

    申请人： Laura Ellen Adams ,  Rolando Patricio Espindola ,  Sungho Jin ,  Hareesh Mavoori ,  Thomas Andrew Strasser

    发明人： Laura Ellen Adams ,  Rolando Patricio Espindola ,  Sungho Jin ,  Hareesh Mavoori ,  Thomas Andrew Strasser

    IPC分类号： G02B26/00 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/01 ,  H01S3/30 ,  H04J14/02

    CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G02F1/0134 ,  G02F2201/307

    摘要： A programmable and latchable device for wavelength shifting and chromatic dispersion compensating is disclosed. An optical grating such as a Bragg grating, a nonchirped grating, or a linearly or non-linearly chirped grating, is magnetostrictively strained to alter the dispersion compensator characteristics. In a preferred embodiment, a gradient magnetostrictive body is bonded along its length to the fiber grating. In yet another preferred embodiment, a magnetostrictive body is bonded onto the length of the fiber grating, and a gradient generating, programmable and latchable magnet component is placed adjacent the magnetostrictive body. The body is then latchably strained to a desired level by controlling the extent of magnetization in the magnetostrictive material and the magnet so as to induce or enhance chirping characteristics in the grating. Various optical applications using such are disclosed.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于波长偏移和色散补偿的可编程和可锁定装置。 诸如布拉格光栅，非激光光栅或线性或非线性啁啾光栅的光栅被磁致伸缩应变以改变色散补偿器特性。 在优选实施例中，梯度磁致伸缩体沿着其长度被结合到光纤光栅。 在另一优选实施例中，将磁致伸缩体接合到光纤光栅的长度上，并且将梯度产生可编程和可锁定的磁体部件放置在与磁致伸缩体相邻的位置。 然后，通过控制磁致伸缩材料和磁体中的磁化程度，使主体可锁定地变形到所需的水平，以便引起或增强光栅中的啁啾特性。 公开了使用这些的各种光学应用。

    Magnetically tunable laser with wavelength latchability and optical communication system comprising such laser
    7.
    发明授权
    Magnetically tunable laser with wavelength latchability and optical communication system comprising such laser 有权
    具有波长可锁定性的磁性可调激光器和包括这种激光器的光通信系统

    公开(公告)号：US5999546A

    公开(公告)日：1999-12-07

    申请号：US158672

    申请日：1998-09-22

    申请人： Rolando Patricio Espindola ,  Sungho Jin ,  Hareesh Mavoori

    发明人： Rolando Patricio Espindola ,  Sungho Jin ,  Hareesh Mavoori

    IPC分类号： H01S3/063 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/1055 ,  H01S5/06 ,  H01S5/14 ,  H01S3/10

    CPC分类号： H01S3/1055 ,  G02B6/022 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/063 ,  H01S5/0607 ,  H01S5/146

    摘要： In accordance with the invention, a tunable laser uses magnets to apply mechanical strain on fiber Bragg grating reflectors or laser cavities in order to induce a change in lasing wavelength. The strain can be tensile or compressive. The tunable laser comprises a laser cavity including a laser material for emitting light in response to stimulating light and two end reflectors one or more of which can be a Bragg grating. In preferred embodiments, latchable programmable magnets vary the grating periodicity and/or cavity length in a controlled, accurate manner so as to achieve desired tuning of the laser over a broad range of wavelengths. The latchable magnets hold the wavelength in the shifted position without the need for sustained power.

    摘要翻译： 根据本发明，可调激光器使用磁体在光纤布拉格光栅反射器或激光腔上施加机械应变，以引起激光波长的变化。 该应变可以是拉伸或压缩。 可调谐激光器包括激光腔，其包括用于响应于刺激光发射光的激光材料和两个端部反射器，其中一个或多个可以是布拉格光栅。 在优选实施例中，可锁定可编程磁体以受控的，精确的方式改变光栅周期和/或腔长度，以便在宽的波长范围内实现对激光器的期望的调谐。 可锁定磁体将波长保持在移动位置，而不需要持续的功率。

    Temperature-compensated optical fiber gratings with fine wavelength tuning
    9.
    发明授权
    Temperature-compensated optical fiber gratings with fine wavelength tuning 失效
    具有精细波长调谐的温度补偿光纤光栅

    公开(公告)号：US6101301A

    公开(公告)日：2000-08-08

    申请号：US62339

    申请日：1998-04-17

    申请人： Jon W. Engelberth ,  Rolando Patricio Espindola ,  Sungho Jin ,  Paul Joseph Lemaire ,  Hareesh Mavoori

    发明人： Jon W. Engelberth ,  Rolando Patricio Espindola ,  Sungho Jin ,  Paul Joseph Lemaire ,  Hareesh Mavoori

    IPC分类号： G02B6/34

    CPC分类号： G02B6/022 ,  G02B6/0218

    摘要： A temperature compensated optical fiber grating device comprises a longitudinally extending optical fiber grating having a length and a packaging assembly for the grating comprising a first longitudinally extending body of material having a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and second and third longitudinally extending bodies of material having CTE's lower than the first CTE. The three bodies are mechanically attached at alternate ends to form a composite structure having an effective negative CTE between two ends to which the grating is attached. The resulting grating device can be made in compact form having an overall length less than 30% more than the grating (and preferably less than 10%) and can reduce the temperature dependent wavelength change in the grating to less than 0.2 nm/100.degree. C. and preferably less than 0.05 nm/100.degree. C. In a preferred embodiment, the packaging bodies include a cylinder enclosing the grating.

    摘要翻译： 温度补偿光纤光栅装置包括具有长度的纵向延伸的光纤光栅和用于光栅的包装组件，其包括具有第一热膨胀系数（CTE）的第一纵向延伸的材料体，以及第二和第三纵向延伸体 CTE低于第一个CTE的材料。 这三个机构在交替的端部机械地连接以形成复合结构，该复合结构在光栅所连接的两端之间具有有效的负CTE。 所得到的光栅装置可以制成紧凑形式，其整体长度小于光栅的30％（优选小于10％），并且可以将光栅中的温度相关波长变化降低到小于0.2nm / 100℃ ，优选小于0.05nm / 100℃。在优选实施例中，包装体包括封闭光栅的圆柱体。

    Articles and systems comprising digitally tunable optical gratings
    10.
    发明授权
    Articles and systems comprising digitally tunable optical gratings 有权
    包括数字可调光学光栅的文章和系统

    公开(公告)号：US6128427A

    公开(公告)日：2000-10-03

    申请号：US141906

    申请日：1998-08-28

    申请人： Rolando Patricio Espindola ,  Sungho Jin ,  Hareesh Mavoori

    发明人： Rolando Patricio Espindola ,  Sungho Jin ,  Hareesh Mavoori

    IPC分类号： G02B6/02 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/01 ,  G02B6/26

    CPC分类号： G02F1/0115 ,  G02B6/022 ,  G02F2201/307

    摘要： The invention discloses digitally tunable optical grating device using force between switchable and nonswitchable magnets to reconfigure the mechanical strain, preferably a tensile strain, or gratings so that a pulse or short-duration current can induce a latchable change in grating periodicity. Preferred embodiments include fiber gratings with magnet gaps dimensioned for limiting the maximum strain applied to the grating and guides for providing strain without rotation or twisting. The magnets provide an accurately predetermined amount of strain and hence provide a latchable wavelength shift in the grating with a minimal amount of electrical power. The device is especially useful in WDM communication systems, particularly for adding or dropping channels and for dynamically equalizing amplifier gain.

    摘要翻译： 本发明公开了使用在可切换和不可切换磁体之间的力的数字可调谐光栅装置，以重新配置机械应变，优选拉伸应变或光栅，使得脉冲或短持续时间电流可以引起光栅周期性的可锁定变化。 优选实施例包括具有磁体间隙的光纤光栅，其尺寸用于限制施加到光栅的最大应变和用于在不旋转或扭转的情况下提供应变的引导件。 这些磁体提供了精确的预定量的应变，并因此以最小的电功率在光栅中提供可锁定的波长位移。 该器件在WDM通信系统中特别有用，特别是用于增加或删除通道，并用于动态均衡放大器增益。