公开(公告)号：US5784640A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-21

申请号：US618241

申请日：1996-03-18

申请人： Saf Asghar ,  Mark Ireton ,  John G. Bartkowiak

发明人： Saf Asghar ,  Mark Ireton ,  John G. Bartkowiak

IPC分类号： G06F9/318 ,  G06F9/38 ,  G06F9/30 ,  G06F15/163

CPC分类号： G06F9/3017 ,  G06F9/3879 ,  G06F9/3885 ,  H04Q2213/13036 ,  H04Q2213/1305 ,  H04Q2213/13103 ,  H04Q2213/13106 ,  H04Q2213/13107 ,  H04Q2213/13199 ,  H04Q2213/13299 ,  H04Q2213/13389 ,  H04Q2213/13396

摘要： A CPU or microprocessor which includes a general purpose CPU, such as an X86 core, and a DSP. The CPU also includes an intelligent DSP function decoder or preprocessor which examines X8 opcode sequences and determines if a DSP function is being executed. The function preprocessor includes a look-up table which stores instruction sequences which implement DSP functions. Each pattern in the look-up table is compared with an instruction sequence to determine if one of the patterns substantially matches the instruction sequence. If the DSP function preprocessor determines that a DSP function is being executed, the DSP function preprocessor converts the opcodes to a DSP macro instruction that is provided to the DSP. The DSP executes one or more DSP instructions to implement the desired DSP function in response to the macro instruction. If the X86 opcodes in the instruction cache or instruction memory do not indicate or are not intended to perform a DSP-type function, the opcodes are provided to the X86 core. Thus, the DSP offloads these mathematical functions from the X86 core, thereby increasing system performance. The DSP operates in parallel with the X86 core, providing further performance benefits. The CPU of the present invention thus implements DSP functions more efficiently than X86 logic while requiring no additional X86 opcodes. The present invention also generates code that operates transparently on an X86 only CPU or a CPU according to the present invention which includes X86 and DSPs. Thus the present invention is backwards compatible with existing software.

摘要翻译： 包括通用CPU（如X86内核）和DSP的CPU或微处理器。 CPU还包括智能DSP功能解码器或预处理器，用于检查X8操作码序列，并确定DSP功能是否正在执行。 功能预处理器包括一个查找表，其存储执行DSP功能的指令序列。 将查找表中的每个模式与指令序列进行比较，以确定其中一个模式是否基本上与指令序列匹配。 如果DSP功能预处理器确定正在执行DSP功能，则DSP功能预处理器将操作码转换为提供给DSP的DSP宏指令。 DSP响应于宏指令，执行一个或多个DSP指令来实现所需的DSP功能。 如果指令高速缓存或指令存储器中的X86操作码未指示或不打算执行DSP类型功能，则将操作码提供给X86内核。 因此，DSP从X86内核中卸载这些数学函数，从而提高系统性能。 DSP与X86内核并行运行，提供进一步的性能优势。 因此，本发明的CPU比X86逻辑更有效地实现DSP功能，而不需要额外的X86操作码。 本发明还生成根据包括X86和DSP的本发明的仅在X86仅CPU或CPU上透明地操作的代码。 因此，本发明与现有软件向后兼容。

公开(公告)号：US5754878A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-19

申请号：US618242

申请日：1996-03-18

申请人： Saf Asghar ,  Mark Ireton ,  John G. Bartkowiak

发明人： Saf Asghar ,  Mark Ireton ,  John G. Bartkowiak

IPC分类号： G06F9/318 ,  G06F9/38 ,  G06F15/78 ,  G06F9/30 ,  G06F15/163

CPC分类号： G06F9/382 ,  G06F15/7857 ,  G06F9/3017 ,  G06F9/3879 ,  G06F9/3885

摘要： A CPU or microprocessor which includes a general purpose CPU, such as an X86 core, and a DSP. The CPU also includes an intelligent DSP function decoder or preprocessor which examines X86 opcode sequences and determines if a DSP function is being executed. The function preprocessor includes a pattern recognition detector which stores instruction sequences which implement DSP functions. The pattern recognition detector compares each pattern with an instruction sequence and determines if one of the patterns substantially matches the instruction sequence. If the DSP function preprocessor determines that a DSP function is being executed, the preprocessor converts or maps the opcodes to a DSP macro instruction that is provided to the DSP. The DSP executes one or more DSP instructions to implement the desired DSP function in response to the macro instruction. If the X86 opcodes in the instruction cache or instruction memory do not indicate or are not intended to perform a DSP-type function, the opcodes are provided to the X86 core as which occurs in current prior art computer systems. Thus, the DSP offloads these mathematical functions from the X86 core, thereby increasing system performance. The CPU of the present invention thus implements DSP functions more efficiently than X86 logic while requiring no additional X86 opcodes. The present invention also generates code that operates transparently on an X86 only CPU or a CPU according to the present invention which includes X86 and DSPs. Thus the present invention is backwards compatible with existing software.

摘要翻译： 包括通用CPU（如X86内核）和DSP的CPU或微处理器。 CPU还包括智能DSP功能解码器或预处理器，用于检查X86操作码序列，并确定DSP功能是否正在执行。 功能预处理器包括存储执行DSP功能的指令序列的模式识别检测器。 模式识别检测器将每个模式与指令序列进行比较，并确定模式之一是否基本上与指令序列一致。 如果DSP功能预处理器确定正在执行DSP功能，则预处理器将操作码转换或映射到提供给DSP的DSP宏指令。 DSP响应于宏指令，执行一个或多个DSP指令来实现所需的DSP功能。 如果指令高速缓存或指令存储器中的X86操作码不指示或不旨在执行DSP类型功能，则将操作码提供给当前现有技术计算机系统中发生的X86内核。 因此，DSP从X86内核中卸载这些数学函数，从而提高系统性能。 因此，本发明的CPU比X86逻辑更有效地实现DSP功能，而不需要额外的X86操作码。 本发明还生成根据包括X86和DSP的本发明的仅在X86仅CPU或CPU上透明地操作的代码。 因此，本发明与现有软件向后兼容。

公开(公告)号：US5774836A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-30

申请号：US626728

申请日：1996-04-01

申请人： John G. Bartkowiak ,  Mark Ireton

发明人： John G. Bartkowiak ,  Mark Ireton

IPC分类号： G10L25/90 ,  G10L3/02 ,  G10L9/00

CPC分类号： G10L25/90 ,  G10L25/06

摘要： An improved vocoder system and method for estimating pitch in a speech waveform which more accurately disregards false pitch estimates resulting from secondary excitations. The vocoder system first performs a correlation calculation on a speech frame and generates an estimated pitch value. The present invention then compares the estimated or determined pitch with a threshold value to determine if the determined or estimated pitch has a suspiciously low pitch value. If so, the present invention performs error checking to disregard pitch estimates that are the result of the First Formant frequency's contribution to the pitch estimation process. The error checking involves examining the higher multiples of the determined pitch value to ascertain whether the determined pitch value might be incorrect. The present invention determines whether one or more higher multiples are missing, whether the higher multiples are related by a common factor, and whether adjacent multiples have missing peaks. The error checking also involves searching for missing or low correlation peaks in the neighborhood of missing higher multiples of the determined pitch. If the error checking indicates that the determined pitch is probably incorrect, then a new determination is made without the correlation peak corresponding to the rejected determined pitch. This provides a more accurate pitch estimation, thus enhancing voice storage quality. The present invention thus comprises an improved correlation method for estimating the pitch parameter which more accurately disregards false correlation peaks resulting from secondary excitations, including the contribution of the First Formant.

摘要翻译： 一种用于估计语音波形中的音调的改进的声码器系统和方法，其更精确地忽略由次级兴奋引起的假音调估计。 声码器系统首先对语音帧执行相关计算，并产生估计的音调值。 然后，本发明将估计或确定的音调与阈值进行比较，以确定所确定的或估计的音调是否具有可疑的低音高值。 如果是这样，本发明执行错误检查，以忽略作为第一共振频率对音调估计处理的贡献的结果的音调估计。 错误检查涉及检查确定的音高值的较高倍数，以确定所确定的音调值是否可能不正确。 本发明确定是否丢失一个或更多个较高的倍数，是否较高的倍数是由一个共同因子相关，以及相邻的倍数是否具有缺失的峰值。 错误检查还涉及在缺少确定的音高的较高倍数的邻域中搜索丢失或低相关峰。 如果错误检查表明所确定的音高可能不正确，则进行新的确定，而没有与被拒绝的音调相对应的相关峰值。 这提供了更准确的音调估计，从而提高语音存储质量。 因此，本发明包括一种用于估计音调参数的改进的相关方法，该相关方法更精确地忽略由辅助激励导致的误相关峰值，包括第一共振峰的贡献。

公开(公告)号：US06587559B1

公开(公告)日：2003-07-01

申请号：US09159143

申请日：1998-09-23

申请人： John G. Bartkowiak

发明人： John G. Bartkowiak

IPC分类号： H04M157

CPC分类号： H04M1/573

摘要： A signal detector includes a transform unit and a cross-frame energy level unit. The transform unit is adapted to receive at least a first and a second frame of time domain input samples. The transform unit generates at least a first frequency energy value for the first frame and a second frequency energy value for the second frame based on the time domain input samples. The cross-frame energy level unit is adapted to compare the first frequency energy value to the second frequency energy value to determine the presence of a first tone in the time domain input samples. A method for detecting a signal includes receiving at least a first and a second frame of time domain input samples. At least a first frequency energy value for the first frame and a second frequency energy value for the second frame are generated based on the time domain input samples. The first frequency energy value is compared to the second frequency energy value to determine the presence of a first tone in the time domain input samples.

摘要翻译： 信号检测器包括变换单元和跨帧能级单元。 变换单元适于接收时域输入样本的至少第一和第二帧。 变换单元基于时域输入采样，生成第一帧的至少第一频率能量值和第二帧的第二频率能量值。 跨帧能级单元适于将第一频率能量值与第二频率能量值进行比较，以确定时域输入采样中的第一音调的存在。 一种用于检测信号的方法包括接收时域输入样本的至少第一帧和第二帧。 基于时域输入采样，生成用于第一帧的至少第一频率能量值和第二帧的第二频率能量值。 将第一频率能量值与第二频率能量值进行比较，以确定时域输入样本中的第一音调的存在。

公开(公告)号：US5694466A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-02

申请号：US588407

申请日：1996-01-18

申请人： Zheng-yi Xie ,  John G. Bartkowiak

发明人： Zheng-yi Xie ,  John G. Bartkowiak

IPC分类号： H04Q1/453 ,  H04Q1/457 ,  H04M1/50

CPC分类号： H04Q1/453 ,  H04Q1/457 ,  H04M7/1295

摘要： An improved dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) or multitone signal detector which more efficiently and reliably detects DTMF signals. The present invention performs twist computations only when the signal has become stable, thus achieving more accuracy and reliability. The DTMF detector receives a plurality of digital samples of a received signal and calculates energy values for each of the plurality of different uncorrelated frequencies. The DSP then determines maximum values of the energy values for each of the two or more frequency groups, referred to as M(1) and M(2), to detect the plurality of tones in the received signal. The DTMF detector then performs improved twist computation and thresholding. The DTMF detector first determines if the M(1) and M(2) values of the respective frame being examined have the same indices. If so, the DTMF detector compares each of the M(1) and M(2) values of the respective frame being examined with the M(1) and M(2) values of the immediately prior frame, referred to as M'(1) and M'(2), and determines if the M(1) and M(2) values of the current frame are greater than the M'(1) and M'(2) values of the prior frame. If the M(1) and M(2) values of the current frame are greater than the M'(1) and M'(2) values of the prior frame, then the DTMF detector calculates a twist value using the maximum energy values M(1) and M(2) for the current frame being examined.

摘要翻译： 改进的双音多频（DTMF）或多音信号检测器，可更有效和可靠地检测DTMF信号。 本发明仅在信号稳定时进行扭转计算，从而获得更高的精度和可靠性。 DTMF检测器接收接收到的信号的多个数字样本，并计算多个不相关频率中的每一个的能量值。 DSP然后确定称为M（1）和M（2）的两个或更多个频率组中的每一个的能量值的最大值，以检测接收信号中的多个音调。 然后DTMF检测器进行改进的扭转计算和阈值处理。 DTMF检测器首先确定被检查的相应帧的M（1）和M（2）值是否具有相同的索引。 如果是，则DTMF检测器将被检查的各帧的M（1）和M（2）值中的每一个与紧邻的先前帧的M（1）和M（2）值进行比较，称为M'（ 1）和M'（2），并确定当前帧的M（1）和M（2）值是否大于先前帧的M'（1）和M'（2）值。 如果当前帧的M（1）和M（2）值大于先前帧的M'（1）和M'（2）值，则DTMF检测器使用最大能量值计算扭曲值 检查当前帧的M（1）和M（2）。

公开(公告)号：US06230255B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-08

申请号：US07548709

申请日：1990-07-06

申请人： Safdar M. Asghar ,  John G. Bartkowiak

发明人： Safdar M. Asghar ,  John G. Bartkowiak

IPC分类号： G06F1516

CPC分类号： G11B7/08529 ,  G06F9/3879 ,  G06F15/7842 ,  G11B5/012 ,  G11B5/5534 ,  G11B5/59605 ,  G11B5/59688 ,  G11B11/10563 ,  G11B11/10595 ,  G11B19/247

摘要： The communications processor of the present invention comprises, in a single integrated circuit chip, the combination of a central processing unit (CPU) having an execution unit with an arithmetic logic unit and accumulators, a program counter, memory, a clock generator, a timer, a bus interface, chip select outputs, and an interrupt processor; a digital signal processor (DSP) having an instruction set to carry out a digital signal processing algorithm, an execution unit for carrying out multiply and accumulate operations and an external interface; an address bus connected between the CPU and the DSP; a data bus connected between the CPU and the DSP; and a static scheduler for statically scheduling execution of the signal processing algorithm between the digital signal processor and the CPU.

摘要翻译： 本发明的通信处理器在单个集成电路芯片中包括具有执行单元与算术逻辑单元的中央处理单元（CPU）和累加器的组合，程序计数器，存储器，时钟发生器，定时器 ，总线接口，片选输出和中断处理器; 具有执行数字信号处理算法的指令集的数字信号处理器（DSP），用于执行乘法和累加操作的执行单元和外部接口; 连接在CPU和DSP之间的地址总线; 连接在CPU和DSP之间的数据总线; 以及用于静态调度数字信号处理器和CPU之间的信号处理算法执行的静态调度器。

公开(公告)号：US5644634A

公开(公告)日：1997-07-01

申请号：US563973

申请日：1995-11-29

申请人： Zheng-yi Xie ,  John G. Bartkowiak

发明人： Zheng-yi Xie ,  John G. Bartkowiak

IPC分类号： H04Q1/453 ,  H04Q1/457 ,  H04M3/00

CPC分类号： H04Q1/453 ,  H04Q1/457 ,  H04M7/1295

摘要： An improved dual tone multifrequency (DTMF) signal detector which uses the Goertzel DFT algorithm and which utilizes variable or differing frame widths that are frequency dependent for improved detection and reduced error. The DTMF detector includes a codec receiver which receives signals from the transmission media, and a digital signal processor (DSP) coupled to the codec. The DSP receives the digital samples and preferably applies the Goertzel DFT algorithm using differing frame lengths according to the present invention. The DTMF detector utilizes a different frame width for different tones of the possible tone frequencies according to the present invention. Thus the calculation uses a different frame length N for different ones of the uncorrelated frequencies, wherein the different frame lengths comprise at least a subset N of the number of digital samples. The different frame lengths N are designed to optimally align the calculated frequency spectrum at each of the different uncorrelated frequencies. The calculation produces an energy value for each of the different uncorrelated frequencies. The DTMF detector preferably multiplies a gain value with each of the energy values to adjust the gain of each of the energy values. After the frequency domain calculation, i.e., after energy values have been calculated for each of the different uncorrelated frequencies, and after any desired gain adjustment, the DSP determines maximum values of the energy values for each of the two or more frequency groups to detect the plurality of tones in the received signal. The DTMF detector also performs various other calculations to ensure valid tone detection.

摘要翻译： 改进的双音多频（DTMF）信号检测器，其使用Goertzel DFT算法，其利用与频率相关的可变或不同的帧宽度，以改善检测和减少误差。 DTMF检测器包括从传输介质接收信号的编解码器接收器和耦合到编解码器的数字信号处理器（DSP）。 DSP接收数字样本，并且优选地根据本发明应用使用不同帧长度的Goertzel DFT算法。 根据本发明，DTMF检测器对于可能的音调频率的不同音调使用不同的帧宽度。 因此，不同的不相关频率的计算使用不同的帧长度N，其中不同的帧长度至少包括数字样本数量的子集N。 不同的帧长度N被设计成在每个不相关的频率下优化对准所计算的频谱。 该计算产生每个不相关频率的能量值。 DTMF检测器优选地将增益值与每个能量值相乘以调整每个能量值的增益。 在频域计算之后，即，在针对每个不相关的频率计算能量值之后，并且在任何期望的增益调整之后，DSP确定两个或更多个频率组中的每一个的能量值的最大值，以检测 接收信号中的多个音调。 DTMF检测器还执行各种其他计算，以确保有效的音调检测。

公开(公告)号：US5507037A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-09

申请号：US152316

申请日：1993-11-03

申请人： John G. Bartkowiak ,  Safdar M. Asghar

发明人： John G. Bartkowiak ,  Safdar M. Asghar

IPC分类号： H03G3/34 ,  H04B1/10 ,  H04B1/12 ,  H04L27/14

CPC分类号： H03G3/344 ,  H04B1/1027 ,  H04B1/123

摘要： An apparatus and method are provided for discriminating noise in a received signal. The apparatus comprises a first signal processing means, a second signal processing means, a threshold generating means for generating a threshold value. The first signal processing means generates iteration signal samples and predicted iteration signal samples, compares the iteration signal samples and predicted signal samples to generate a predicted error parameter. The second signal processing means generates a threshold adjustment value based on generated successive iteration signal samples. A logic means logically treats the prediction error parameter, the threshold adjustment value and the threshold value to generate a noise indication value.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于识别接收信号中的噪声的装置和方法。 该装置包括第一信号处理装置，第二信号处理装置，用于产生阈值的阈值产生装置。 第一信号处理装置产生迭代信号样本和预测的迭代信号样本，比较迭代信号样本和预测信号样本以产生预测误差参数。 第二信号处理装置基于生成的连续迭代信号样本产生阈值调整值。 逻辑手段逻辑地处理预测误差参数，阈值调整值和阈值以产生噪声指示值。

公开(公告)号：US5369791A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-29

申请号：US887076

申请日：1992-05-22

申请人： Safdar M. Asghar ,  John G. Bartkowiak

发明人： Safdar M. Asghar ,  John G. Bartkowiak

IPC分类号： H03G3/34 ,  H04B1/10 ,  H04B1/12 ,  H04L27/14

CPC分类号： H03G3/344 ,  H04B1/1027 ,  H04B1/123

摘要： An apparatus and method for discriminating and suppressing noise within an incoming signal which provide a first signal processing unit for processing the incoming signal to generate a first iteration signal representing average difference signal level of the incoming signal; a second signal processing unit for processing the first iteration signal to generate a second iteration signal representing specified aspects of the first iteration signal; a prediction unit for generating a predicted value for the second iteration signal from earlier samples of the second iteration signal; a logic unit for determining a threshold difference between the second iteration signal and the predicted value, the logic unit generating a logic output having a first value when the threshold difference exceeds a predetermined threshold value and having a second value when the threshold difference does not exceed the predetermined threshold value; and a muting unit for muting signals which is operatively connected to receive the incoming signal and the logic output, the muting unit responds to the logic output to mute the incoming signal when the logic output is at one value and to not mute the incoming signal when the logic output is at the other value.

摘要翻译： 一种用于识别和抑制输入信号内的噪声的装置和方法，其提供用于处理输入信号的第一信号处理单元，以产生表示输入信号的平均差信号电平的第一迭代信号; 第二信号处理单元，用于处理第一迭代信号以产生表示第一迭代信号的特定方面的第二迭代信号; 预测单元，用于从所述第二迭代信号的较早样本生成所述第二迭代信号的预测值; 用于确定第二迭代信号和预测值之间的阈值差的逻辑单元，所述逻辑单元在阈值差超过预定阈值时生成具有第一值的逻辑输出，并且当阈值差不超过阈值差时具有第二值 预定阈值; 以及用于静噪信号的静噪单元，其可操作地连接以接收输入信号和逻辑输出，当逻辑输出处于一个值时，静噪单元响应于逻辑输出以静音输入信号，并且当不输入信号时， 逻辑输出为另一个值。

公开(公告)号：US5299233A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-29

申请号：US887469

申请日：1992-05-22

申请人： Safdar M. Asghar ,  John G. Bartkowiak

发明人： Safdar M. Asghar ,  John G. Bartkowiak

IPC分类号： H03G3/34 ,  H04B1/10 ,  H04L27/14 ,  H03D1/06

CPC分类号： H04B1/1027 ,  H03G3/344

摘要： A method and apparatus provide a noise detector generating a logic output indicating presence of noise in an incoming signal and an attenuation controller for providing a stepped-response to noise operatively connected to respond to the logic output to record a count of noise detections. The attenuation controller includes an attenuation interval tracking unit for tracking the elapse of clocking intervals defining a predetermined attenuation interval; the attenuation interval tracking unit receives the noise detection signals and generates a decremental count signal for each clocking interval after the attenuation interval has elapsed, the decremental count signal is conveyed to a noise detection counter which alters the count of noise detections indicated by the logic output in response to the decremental count signal, the attenuation interval tracking unit restores the attenuation interval in response to receiving a noise detection; an attenuation signal generator is responsive to the noise detection count signal to set an attenuation factor according to a predetermined relationship between the count of noise detections and the attenuation factor, the attenuation signal being representative of the attenuation factor; and a logic unit for applying the attenuation signal to the incoming signal to attenuate the incoming signal in stepped fashion according to the attenuation factor.

摘要翻译： 一种方法和装置提供了一种噪声检测器，其产生指示输入信号中存在噪声的逻辑输出，以及衰减控制器，用于向可操作地连接的噪声提供阶跃响应以响应逻辑输出以记录噪声检测的数量。 衰减控制器包括衰减区间跟踪单元，用于跟踪定义预定衰减间隔的时钟间隔的经过; 衰减间隔跟踪单元接收噪声检测信号，并且在经过衰减间隔之后的每个时钟间隔产生递减计数信号，递减计数信号被传送到噪声检测计数器，该计数器改变由逻辑输出指示的噪声检测的计数 响应于递减计数信号，衰减间隔跟踪单元响应于接收到噪声检测而恢复衰减间隔; 衰减信号发生器响应于噪声检测计数信号，根据噪声检测计数与衰减因子之间的预定关系来设置衰减因子，衰减信号代表衰减因子; 以及用于将衰减信号应用于输入信号以根据衰减因子以阶梯式衰减输入信号的逻辑单元。