摘要:
An electrochemical cell, electrochemical cell assembly and a method of assembling an electrochemical cell assembly. The cell includes a pair of current collectors that when joined together form a three-dimensional electrode assembly with an ion-exchange membrane disposed between the anode and cathode of the electrode assembly. The current collectors are sized and shaped such that a three-dimensional reactant chamber volume of one of the current collectors accepts nested placement of at least a portion of the three-dimensional reactant chamber volume of the other current collector. This design allows for easy and direct addition, removal or replacement of cells in a stack of such cells in a modular fashion. In addition, ease of mounting and unmounting of the cells on reactant manifolds promotes ease of assembly of two-dimensional or three-dimensional stack structures.
摘要:
A hybrid flow redox battery system includes an electrochemical cell with an ion-exchange membrane, an anode, and a cathode, an anolyte tank, a catholyte tank, one or more tank separators, a plurality of electrolyte pathways, one or more turbines, and one or more power generation circuits. The anolyte tank includes a lower anolyte opening positioned below an upper anolyte opening. The catholyte tank includes a lower catholyte opening positioned below an upper catholyte opening. The electrolyte pathways extend between the upper and lower anolyte openings and the anode and the upper and lower catholyte openings and the cathode. The turbines are fluidly coupled to the electrolyte pathways. The tank separators are positioned within one or both of the anolyte tank and the catholyte tank and are translatable in a downward direction to induce electrolyte flow from the lower anolyte and catholyte openings, through the turbines to hydroelectrically generate power.
摘要:
A method for co-processing H2S and CO2 in an electrolyzer includes feeding a first gas stream having H2S to an anode and feeding a second gas stream having CO2 to a cathode. The H2S is split into hydrogen and elemental sulfur. The hydrogen is transferred from the anode to the cathode, and the CO2 is hydrogenated with the transferred hydrogen. A method for producing electricity in a fuel cell includes feeding a first gas stream having H2S and CO to an anode, and feeding a second gas stream having oxygen to a cathode. The H2S and CO forms hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide. The hydrogen is transferred from the anode to the cathode. The transferred hydrogen is oxidized with the oxygen of the second gas stream, and electricity formed from the oxidation is collected.
摘要:
Methods for recovering organic heteroatom compounds from a hydrocarbon feedstock include feeding into a contactor a hydrocarbon feedstock and an aqueous solvent to form an extraction mixture of the aqueous solvent with the hydrocarbon feedstock. The hydrocarbon feedstock includes a hydrocarbon and an organic heteroatom compound. The aqueous solvent includes an ionic liquid formed from pressurized carbon dioxide and water. A pressure and temperature of the extraction mixture may be established that together tune the aqueous solvent to selectively form a solvent complex with the at least one organic heteroatom compound. Then, the solvent complex is extracted to a recovery vessel from the extraction mixture in the contactor. By adjustment of a recovery temperature of the recovery vessel, a recovery pressure of the recovery vessel, or both, the solvent complex decomposes into carbon dioxide and the organic heteroatom compound. The organic heteroatom compound is then recovered from the recovery vessel.
摘要:
A process for converting carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon fuels using solar energy harnessed with a solar thermal power system to create thermal energy and electricity, using the thermal energy to heat a fuel feed stream, the heated fuel feed stream comprising carbon dioxide and water, the carbon dioxide captured from a flue gas stream, converting the carbon dioxide and water in a syngas production cell, the syngas production cell comprising a solid oxide electrolyte, to create carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and converting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to hydrocarbon fuels in a catalytic reactor. In at least one embodiment, the syngas production cell is a solid oxide fuel cell. In at least one embodiment, the syngas production cell is a solid oxide electrolyzer cell.
摘要:
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a redox flow battery is provided comprising an ionically conductive separator, a working side flowing electrolyte, a working electrode in ionic contact with the working side of the ionically conductive separator and the working side flowing electrolyte, a counter electrode, and an auxiliary electrode peripherally circumscribed by the working electrode in a common layer of the flow battery. The auxiliary electrode is in ionic contact with the working electrode, an electrically insulating peripheral gap separates the auxiliary electrode from the working electrode. A working electrode terminal is conductively coupled to the working electrode, an auxiliary electrode terminal is conductively coupled to the auxiliary electrode, and a counter electrode terminal is conductively coupled to the counter electrode. An auxiliary power source is configured to establish an auxiliary circuit voltage differential between the counter electrode terminal and the auxiliary electrode terminal, control an auxiliary electrode voltage such that the auxiliary electrode voltage is within an electrochemical window of the working side flowing electrolyte, and establish a voltage differential between the working electrode terminal and the auxiliary electrode terminal. A method of operation of the redox flow battery is further provided.
摘要:
Embodiments of a method of removing carbonaceous deposits in a liquid-hydrocarbon fueled solid oxide fuel cell and related system are provided. The method includes providing a solid oxide fuel cell system having an anode, a cathode, a solid oxide electrolyte oriented between the anode and cathode, an amplifier cathode disposed proximate the solid oxide electrolyte and the cathode, a fuel cell electric circuit electrically connecting the anode and the cathode, and an amplifier electric circuit electrically connecting the anode and the amplifier cathode. Further, operating the amplifier electric circuit in an electrolytic mode to electrically power the amplifier cathode, wherein the amplifier cathode generates and supplies O2− or CO32− to the anode. The method further includes removing the carbonaceous deposits on the anode by converting the carbonaceous deposits to carbon dioxide gas via reaction with the O2− or CO32− and expelling the carbon dioxide gas.
摘要:
Embodiments of a molten metal anode solid oxide fuel cell (MMA-SOFC) system comprise a first MMA-SOFC and a second MMA-SOFC, a fuel contactor integral with the first MMA-SOFC or in fluid communication with the first MMA-SOFC, a molten metal conduit configured to deliver molten metal from a first molten metal anode to a second molten metal anode, and one or more external electric circuits, wherein a first molten metal anode is configured to oxidize molten metal to produce metal oxides and electrons, the fuel contactor is configured to reduce the metal oxides and produce metals and metal sulfides in the molten metal upon reaction with sulfur-containing fuel. The second molten metal anode is configured to oxidize the metal sulfides in the metal sulfides-containing molten metal to produce metals and electrons, and the external electric circuits are configured to generate power from the electrons produced in the first and second MMA-SOFCs.
摘要:
A method for co-processing H2S and CO2 in an electrolyzer includes feeding a first gas stream having H2S to an anode and feeding a second gas stream having CO2 to a cathode. The H2S is split into hydrogen and elemental sulfur. The hydrogen is transferred from the anode to the cathode, and the CO2 is hydrogenated with the transferred hydrogen. A method for producing electricity in a fuel cell includes feeding a first gas stream having H2S and CO to an anode, and feeding a second gas stream having oxygen to a cathode. The H2S and CO forms hydrogen and carbonyl sulfide. The hydrogen is transferred from the anode to the cathode. The transferred hydrogen is oxidized with the oxygen of the second gas stream, and electricity formed from the oxidation is collected.
摘要:
A process for converting carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon fuels using solar energy harnessed with a solar thermal power system to create thermal energy and electricity, using the thermal energy to heat a fuel feed stream, the heated fuel feed stream comprising carbon dioxide and water, the carbon dioxide captured from a flue gas stream, converting the carbon dioxide and water in a syngas production cell, the syngas production cell comprising a solid oxide electrolyte, to create carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and converting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to hydrocarbon fuels in a catalytic reactor. In at least one embodiment, the syngas production cell is a solid oxide fuel cell. In at least one embodiment, the syngas production cell is a solid oxide electrolyzer cell.