摘要:
A perfluorinated aromatic compound represented by general formula (7): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3 is a tetravalent perfluorinated aromatic group represented by formula (8): ##STR2## wherein (R.sub.4)s are the same, each being a carboxyl group or a cyano group, or two adjacent (R.sub.4)s combine to form a divalent group represented by formula (10): ##STR3## provided that when R.sub.4 is a cyano group, R.sub.3 denotes said tetravalent perfluorinated aromatic group represented by formula (9).
摘要:
A perfluorinated polyimide comprising a repeating unit represented by general formula (1): ##STR1## and a perfluorinated poly(amic acid) comprising a repeating unit represented by general formula (6): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is a tetravalent organic group; and R.sub.2 is a divalent organic group, provided that chemical bonds between carbon atoms and monovalent elements contained in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are exclusively carbon-to-fluorine bonds; methods for preparing them; and optical material including the perfluorinated polyimide. 1,4-Bis(3,4-dicarboxytrifluorophenoxy)tetrafluorobenzene dianhydride, 1,4-difluoropyromellitic anhydride, 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxytrifluorophenoxy)tetrafluorobenzene, 1,4-difluoropyromellitic acid, and 1,4-bis(3,4-dicyanotrifluorophenoxy)tetrafluorobenzene as well as methods preparing them. The perfluorinated polyimide has a thermal stability and has a low optical loss in an optical communication wavelength region (0.8 to 1.7 .mu.m).
摘要:
An optical waveguide which has properties including low optical losses, facile fabrication, controllable core-cladding refractive index ratio, and a high heat resistance is provided. The optical waveguide for light transmission therethrough has a core made of a polyimide obtained from at least one tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and at least one diamine. The polyimide is (a) a polyimide homopolymer derived from a diamine represented by formula [I] as follows: ##STR1## (b) a polyimide copolymer derived from at least one diamine including the diamine represented by the formula [I]; or (c) a mixture of the polyimide homopolymers.
摘要:
A method for preparing aromatic compounds including 1,4-difluoropyromellitic dianhydride represented by formula (12): ##STR1## and 1,4-difluoropyromellitic acid represented by formula (15): ##STR2## by dehydrating or hydrolyzing and dehydrating precursors.
摘要:
A perfluorinated polyimide comprising a repeating unit represented by general formula (1): ##STR1## and a perfluorinated poly(amic acid) comprising a repeating unit represented by general formula (6): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is a tetravalent organic group; and R.sub.2 is a divalent organic group, provided that chemical bonds between carbon atoms and monovalent elements contained in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are exclusively carbon-to-fluorine bonds; methods for preparing them; and optical material including the perfluorinated polyimide. 1,4-Bis(3,4-dicarboxytrifluorophenoxy)-tetrafluorobenzene dianhydride, 1,4-difluoropyromellitic anhydride, 1,4-bis(3,4-dicarboxytrifluorophenoxy)-tetrafluorobenzene, 1,4-difluoropyromellitic acid, and 1,4-bis(3,4-dicyanotrifluorophenoxy)-tetrafluorobenzene as well as methods preparing them. The perfluorinated polyimide has a thermal stability and has a low optical loss in an optical communication wavelength region (0.8 to 1.7 .mu.m).
摘要:
A polyimide optical material, composed of a perfluorinated polyimide having a perfluorinated repeating unit represented by general formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a tetravalent perfluorinated organic group; and R.sub.2 is a divalent perfluorinated organic group.
摘要:
A transmitter includes: a decoder for transforming an IQ signal into a linear sum of two vectors which have non-negative coefficients, respectively, which form an angle of (π/4), and which are included in eight vectors representing directions indicated by eight angles of (−π/2), 0, (π/2), π, (−3π/4), (−π/4), (π/4), and (3π/4), respectively, and for outputting information upon magnitudes and angles of the two vectors; a phase generator for generating eight phase signals corresponding to phases of (−π/2), 0, (π/2), π, (−3π/4), (−π/4), (π/4), and (3π/4), respectively, and outputting the eight phase signals; and a selector for selecting two phase signals having phases equivalent to angles of the two vectors, from among the eight phase signals, and amplifying the two phase signals having been selected, based on the information upon the magnitudes and the angles, and outputting, as a plurality of amplification signals, the two phase signals having been amplified.
摘要:
The disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for providing efficient signal transmission. Conventional linear amplifiers are most efficient when operated in compressed mode. In the compressed mode, the digital power amplifier switches between the on and off modes. A digital power amplifier operates in compressed mode only if the incoming signal is an on-off constant envelop signal. In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a method and apparatus for converting a digital baseband signal to on-off constant envelop signals for processing through binary-weighted or thermometer-weighted amplifier which are operated in compressed mode.
摘要:
Disclosed is a transmission apparatus, a radio communication apparatus, and a transmission method for making it possible to obtain stable characteristics by controlling the difference of time between an amplitude signal and a phase signal to an optimal point, without depending on a modulated signal nor making the circuit size larger. A multiplier (170) generates, in a pseudo manner, a digital modulated signal corresponding to a signal that is obtained by performing analog to digital conversion on a modulated signal that is generated by an amplitude modulator (140), by multiplying a digital amplitude signal that is obtained by performing analog to digital conversion on an amplitude signal by a digital angle modulated signal corresponding to a signal that is obtained by performing analog to digital conversion on an angle modulated signal. Distortion calculation section (180) calculates distortion of the digital modulated signal, control section (190) controls delay time based on the distortion of the digital modulated signal, and delay adjustment section (130) adjusts delay time until the amplitude signal is input to amplitude modulator (140), or delay time until the angle modulated signal is input to amplitude modulator (140).
摘要:
The present invention aims to provide a transmitter circuit that is capable of suppressing quantization noise and operating with a high efficiency, a data converter section 13 and a data conversion method for use therein, and a communications device using the same. The data converter section 13 of the present invention performs a predetermined data conversion operation on an input signal. The data converter section 13 includes: a signal processing section 133 for discretizing the input signal to produce a signal having a lower resolution magnitude-wise than that of the input signal; a subtractor section 134 for subtracting the input signal from the signal having a lower resolution to extract quantization noise; a filter 135 for extracting quantization noise near an intended wave frequency; and a subtractor section 136 for removing the quantization noise near the intended wave frequency from the signal having a lower resolution.