公开(公告)号：US06381625B2

公开(公告)日：2002-04-30

申请号：US09782474

申请日：2001-02-12

Applicant: Stuart Oberman ,  Norbert Juffa ,  Ming Siu ,  Frederick D Weber ,  Ravikrishna Cherukuri

Inventor： Stuart Oberman ,  Norbert Juffa ,  Ming Siu ,  Frederick D Weber ,  Ravikrishna Cherukuri

IPC: G06F7552

CPC classification number: G06F7/53 ,  G06F7/4991 ,  G06F7/49936 ,  G06F7/49963 ,  G06F7/49994 ,  G06F7/5338 ,  G06F7/5443 ,  G06F9/30036 ,  G06F9/3017 ,  G06F9/3804 ,  G06F9/3885 ,  G06F17/16 ,  G06F2207/3828

Abstract: A multiplier capable of performing signed and unsigned scalar and vector multiplication is disclosed. The multiplier is configured to receive signed or unsigned multiplier and multiplicand operands in scalar or packed vector form. An effective sign for the multiplier and multiplicand operands may be calculated and used to create and select a number of partial products according to Booth's algorithm. Once the partial products have been created and selected, they may be summed and the results may be output. The results may be signed or unsigned, and may represent vector or scalar quantities. When a vector multiplication is performed, the multiplier may be configured to generate and select partial products so as to effectively isolate the multiplication process for each pair of vector components. The multiplier may also be configured to sum the products of the vector components to form the vector dot product. The final product may be output in segments so as to require fewer bus lines. The segments may be rounded by adding a rounding constant. Rounding and normalization may be performed in two paths, one assuming an overflow will occur, the other assuming no overflow will occur. The multiplier may also be configured to perform iterative calculations to evaluate constant powers of an operand. Intermediate products that are formed may be rounded and normalized in two paths and then compressed and stored for use in the next iteration. An adjustment constant may also be added to increase the frequency of exactly rounded results.

Abstract translation: 公开了能够执行有符号和无符号标量和矢量乘法的乘法器。 乘法器配置为以标量或压缩向量形式接收带符号或无符号乘数和被乘数操作数。 可以计算乘数和被乘数操作数的有效符号，并用于根据布斯算法创建和选择多个部分乘积。 一旦创建并选择了部分产品，就可以对它们进行求和并输出结果。 结果可能是有符号或无符号的，可能表示向量或标量。 当执行向量乘法时，乘法器可以被配置为产生和选择部分乘积，以便有效地隔离每对向量分量的乘法过程。 乘法器还可以被配置为对矢量分量的乘积求和以形成向量点积。 最终产品可以分段输出，以便需要更少的总线。 可以通过添加舍入常数来对段进行舍入。 可以在两个路径中执行舍入和归一化，一个假设将发生溢出，另一个假设不会发生溢出。 乘法器还可以被配置为执行迭代计算以评估操作数的恒定功率。 形成的中间产品可以在两个路径中进行圆化和归一化，然后压缩并存储以用于下一次迭代。 还可以添加调整常数以增加精确舍入结果的频率。

公开(公告)号：US06408379B1

公开(公告)日：2002-06-18

申请号：US09329718

申请日：1999-06-10

Applicant: Norbert Juffa ,  Stephan Meier ,  Stuart Oberman ,  Scott White

Inventor： Norbert Juffa ,  Stephan Meier ,  Stuart Oberman ,  Scott White

IPC: G06F738

CPC classification number: G06F9/3861 ,  G06F7/483 ,  G06F7/49905 ,  G06F7/4991 ,  G06F9/30014

Abstract: An apparatus and method for executing floating-point store instructions in a microprocessor is provided. If store data of a floating-point store instruction corresponds to a tiny number and an underflow exception is masked, then a trap routine can be executed to generate corrected store data and complete the store operation. In response to detecting that store data corresponds to a tiny number and the underflow exception is masked, the store data, store address information, and opcode information can be stored prior to initiating the trap routine. The trap routine can be configured to access the store data, store address information, and opcode information. The trap routine can be configured to generate corrected store data and complete the store operation using the store data, store address information, and opcode information.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于在微处理器中执行浮点存储指令的装置和方法。 如果浮点存储指令的存储数据对应于微数，并且下溢异常被屏蔽，则可以执行陷阱例程以生成校正的存储数据并完成存储操作。 响应于检测到存储数据对应于微小数字并且下溢异常被屏蔽，可以在启动陷阱例程之前存储存储数据，存储地址信息和操作码信息。 陷阱程序可以配置为访问存储数据，存储地址信息和操作码信息。 陷阱程序可以配置为生成更正的存储数据，并使用存储数据，存储地址信息和操作码信息完成存储操作。

公开(公告)号：US06223198B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-24

申请号：US09134171

申请日：1998-08-14

Applicant: Stuart Oberman ,  Norbert Juffa ,  Ming Siu ,  Frederick D Weber ,  Ravikrishna Cherukuri

Inventor： Stuart Oberman ,  Norbert Juffa ,  Ming Siu ,  Frederick D Weber ,  Ravikrishna Cherukuri

IPC: G06F752

CPC classification number: G06F7/53 ,  G06F7/4991 ,  G06F7/49936 ,  G06F7/49963 ,  G06F7/49994 ,  G06F7/5338 ,  G06F7/5443 ,  G06F9/30036 ,  G06F9/3017 ,  G06F9/3804 ,  G06F9/3885 ,  G06F17/16 ,  G06F2207/3828

Abstract: A multiplier capable of performing signed and unsigned scalar and vector multiplication is disclosed. The multiplier is configured to receive signed or unsigned multiplier and multiplicand operands in scalar or packed vector form. An effective sign for the multiplier and multiplicand operands may be calculated and used to create and select a number of partial products according to Booth's algorithm. Once the partial products have been created and selected, they may be summed and the results may be output. The results may be signed or unsigned, and may represent vector or scalar quantities. When a vector multiplication is performed, the multiplier may be configured to generate and select partial products so as to effectively isolate the multiplication process for each pair of vector components. The multiplier may also be configured to sum the products of the vector components to form the vector dot product. The final product may be output in segments so as to require fewer bus lines. The segments may be rounded by adding a rounding constant. Rounding and normalization may be performed in two paths, one assuming an overflow will occur, the other assuming no overflow will occur. The multiplier may also be configured to perform iterative calculations to evaluate constant powers of an operand. Intermediate products that are formed may be rounded and normalized in two paths and then compressed and stored for use in the next iteration. An adjustment constant may also be added to increase the frequency of exactly rounded results.

公开(公告)号：US06029244A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-22

申请号：US948679

申请日：1997-10-10

Applicant: Stuart Oberman ,  Norbert Juffa

Inventor： Stuart Oberman ,  Norbert Juffa

IPC: G06F9/30 ,  G06F9/302 ,  G06F9/318 ,  G06F9/38 ,  G06F17/16 ,  G06F9/305

CPC classification number: G06F17/16 ,  G06F9/30014 ,  G06F9/30021 ,  G06F9/30036 ,  G06F9/30167 ,  G06F9/3017 ,  G06F9/3804 ,  G06F9/3885

Abstract: An execution unit is provided for executing a first instruction which includes an opcode field, a first operand field, and a second operand field. The execution unit includes a first input register for receiving a first operand specified by a value of the first operand field, and a second input register for receiving a second operand specified by a value of the second operand field. The execution unit further includes a comparator unit which is coupled to receive a value of the opcode field for the first instruction. The comparator unit is also coupled to receive the first and second operand values from the first and second input registers, respectively. The execution further includes a multiplexer which receives a plurality of inputs. These inputs include a first constant value, a second constant value, and the values of the first and second operand. If the decoded opcode value received by the comparator indicates that the first instruction is either a compare or extreme value function, the comparator conveys one or more control signals to the multiplexer for the purpose of selecting an output of the multiplexer as the result of the first instruction. If the first instruction is one of a plurality of extreme value instructions, the one or more control signals conveyed by the comparator unit select between the first operand and second operand to determine the result of the first instruction. If the first instruction is one of a plurality of compare instructions, the one or more control signals conveyed by the comparator unit select between the first and second constant value to determine the result of the first instruction. In another embodiment, a similar execution unit is provided which handles vector operands.

公开(公告)号：US06557098B2

公开(公告)日：2003-04-29

申请号：US09478139

申请日：2000-01-05

Applicant: Stuart Oberman ,  Norbert Juffa

Inventor： Stuart Oberman ,  Norbert Juffa

IPC: G06F9305

CPC classification number: G06F17/16 ,  G06F9/30014 ,  G06F9/30021 ,  G06F9/30036 ,  G06F9/30167 ,  G06F9/3017 ,  G06F9/3804 ,  G06F9/3885

Abstract: An execution unit is provided for executing a first instruction which includes an opcode field, a first operand field, and a second operand field. The execution unit includes a first input register for receiving a first operand specified by a value of the first operand field, and a second input register for receiving a second operand specified by a value of the second operand field. The execution unit further includes a comparator unit which is coupled to receive a value of the opcode field for the first instruction. The comparator unit is also coupled to receive the first and second operand values from the first and second input registers, respectively. The execution further includes a multiplexer which receives a plurality of inputs. These inputs include a first constant value, a second constant value, and the values of the first and second operand. If the decoded opcode value received by the comparator indicates that the first instruction is either a compare or extreme value function, the comparator conveys one or more control signals to the multiplexer for the purpose of selecting an output of the multiplexer as the result of the first instruction. If the first instruction is one of a plurality of extreme value instructions, the one or more control signals conveyed by the comparator unit select between the first operand and second operand to determine the result of the first instruction. If the first instruction is one of a plurality of compare instructions, the one or more control signals conveyed by the comparator unit select between the first and second constant value to determine the result of the first instruction. In another embodiment, a similar execution unit is provided which handles vector operands.

Abstract translation: 提供执行单元，用于执行包括操作码字段，第一操作数字段和第二操作数字段的第一指令。 执行单元包括用于接收由第一操作数字段的值指定的第一操作数的第一输入寄存器和用于接收由第二操作数字段的值指定的第二操作数的第二输入寄存器。 执行单元还包括比较器单元，其被耦合以接收第一指令的操作码字段的值。 比较器单元还被耦合以分别从第一和第二输入寄存器接收第一和第二操作数值。 执行还包括接收多个输入的多路复用器。 这些输入包括第一常数值，第二常数值以及第一和第二操作数的值。 如果由比较器接收的解码的操作码值指示第一指令是比较值或极值函数，则比较器将一个或多个控制信号传送到多路复用器，以便作为第一个指令的结果来选择多路复用器的输出 指令。 如果第一指令是多个极值指令之一，则由比较器单元传送的一个或多个控制信号在第一操作数和第二操作数之间进行选择，以确定第一指令的结果。 如果第一指令是多个比较指令之一，则由比较器单元传送的一个或多个控制信号在第一和第二常数值之间进行选择，以确定第一指令的结果。 在另一个实施例中，提供了处理向量操作数的类似执行单元。

公开(公告)号：US06397238B2

公开(公告)日：2002-05-28

申请号：US09782475

申请日：2001-02-12

Applicant: Stuart Oberman ,  Norbert Juffa ,  Ming Siu ,  Frederick D Weber ,  Ravikrishna Cherukuri

Inventor： Stuart Oberman ,  Norbert Juffa ,  Ming Siu ,  Frederick D Weber ,  Ravikrishna Cherukuri

IPC: G06F752

CPC classification number: G06F7/53 ,  G06F7/4991 ,  G06F7/49936 ,  G06F7/49963 ,  G06F7/49994 ,  G06F7/5338 ,  G06F7/5443 ,  G06F9/30036 ,  G06F9/3017 ,  G06F9/3804 ,  G06F9/3885 ,  G06F17/16 ,  G06F2207/3828

Abstract: A multiplier capable of performing signed and unsigned scalar and vector multiplication is disclosed. The multiplier is configured to receive signed or unsigned multiplier and multiplicand operands in scalar or packed vector form. An effective sign for the multiplier and multiplicand operands may be calculated and used to create and select a number of partial products according to Booth's algorithm. Once the partial products have been created and selected, they may be summed and the results may be output. The results may be signed or unsigned, and may represent vector or scalar quantities. When a vector multiplication is performed, the multiplier may be configured to generate and select partial products so as to effectively isolate the multiplication process for each pair of vector components. The multiplier may also be configured to sum the products of the vector components to form the vector dot product. The final product may be output in segments so as to require fewer bus lines. The segments may be rounded by adding a rounding constant. Rounding and normalization may be performed in two paths, one assuming an overflow will occur, the other assuming no overflow will occur. The multiplier may also be configured to perform iterative calculations to evaluate constant powers of an operand. Intermediate products that are formed may be rounded and normalized in two paths and then compressed and stored for use in the next iteration. An adjustment constant may also be added to increase the frequency of exactly rounded results.

Abstract translation: 公开了能够执行有符号和无符号标量和矢量乘法的乘法器。 乘法器配置为以标量或压缩向量形式接收带符号或无符号乘数和被乘数操作数。 可以计算乘数和被乘数操作数的有效符号，并用于根据布斯算法创建和选择多个部分乘积。 一旦创建并选择了部分产品，就可以对它们进行求和并输出结果。 结果可能是有符号或无符号的，可能表示向量或标量。 当执行向量乘法时，乘法器可以被配置为产生和选择部分乘积，以便有效地隔离每对向量分量的乘法过程。 乘法器还可以被配置为对矢量分量的乘积求和以形成向量点积。 最终产品可以分段输出，以便需要更少的总线。 可以通过添加舍入常数来对段进行舍入。 可以在两个路径中执行舍入和归一化，一个假设将发生溢出，另一个假设不会发生溢出。 乘法器还可以被配置为执行迭代计算以评估操作数的恒定功率。 形成的中间产品可以在两个路径中进行圆化和归一化，然后压缩并存储以用于下一次迭代。 还可以添加调整常数以增加精确舍入结果的频率。

公开(公告)号：US07916864B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-29

申请号：US11350137

申请日：2006-02-08

Applicant: Norbert Juffa

Inventor： Norbert Juffa

IPC: H04N7/167 ,  G06F17/00 ,  G06F15/76

CPC classification number: G06F21/72 ,  G06F9/30181 ,  G06F9/3879 ,  G06F2207/3824

Abstract: A graphics processing unit is programmed to carry out cryptographic processing so that fast, effective cryptographic processing solutions can be provided without incurring additional hardware costs. The graphics processing unit can efficiently carry out cryptographic processing because it has an architecture that is configured to handle a large number of parallel processes. The cryptographic processing carried out on the graphics processing unit can be further improved by configuring the graphics processing unit to be capable of both floating point and integer operations.

Abstract translation: 图形处理单元被编程为执行加密处理，使得可以提供快速有效的加密处理解决方案而不产生额外的硬件成本。 图形处理单元可以有效地执行加密处理，因为它具有被配置为处理大量并行进程的体系结构。 通过将图形处理单元配置为能够进行浮点运算和整数运算，可以进一步提高在图形处理单元上执行的加密处理。

公开(公告)号：US07506134B1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-17

申请号：US11454542

申请日：2006-06-16

Applicant: Norbert Juffa ,  Radoslav Danilak

Inventor： Norbert Juffa ,  Radoslav Danilak

IPC: G06F9/46

CPC classification number: G06F9/5066 ,  G06F9/5038 ,  G06F2209/5017

Abstract: The present invention enables efficient matrix multiplication operations on parallel processing devices. One embodiment is a method for mapping CTAs to result matrix tiles for matrix multiplication operations. Another embodiment is a second method for mapping CTAs to result tiles. Yet other embodiments are methods for mapping the individual threads of a CTA to the elements of a tile for result tile computations, source tile copy operations, and source tile copy and transpose operations. The present invention advantageously enables result matrix elements to be computed on a tile-by-tile basis using multiple CTAs executing concurrently on different streaming multiprocessors, enables source tiles to be copied to local memory to reduce the number accesses from the global memory when computing a result tile, and enables coalesced read operations from the global memory as well as write operations to the local memory without bank conflicts.

Abstract translation: 本发明使得能够对并行处理装置进行有效的矩阵乘法运算。 一个实施例是用于将CTA映射到用于矩阵乘法运算的矩阵瓦片的方法。 另一个实施例是用于将CTA映射到结果瓦片的第二种方法。 其他实施例是用于将CTA的各个线程映射到块的元素以用于结果瓦片计算，源瓦片复制操作以及源瓦片复制和转置操作的方法。 本发明有利地使结果矩阵元素可以使用在不同的流式多处理器上同时执行的多个CTA来逐个瓦片地计算，使得能够将源瓦片复制到本地存储器，以减少当计算一个 结果图块，并且启用来自全局存储器的合并的读取操作以及对本地存储器的写入操作，而没有存储体冲突。

公开(公告)号：US06370637B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-09

申请号：US09370789

申请日：1999-08-05

Applicant: Stephan G. Meier ,  Norbert Juffa ,  Frederick D. Weber ,  Stuart F. Oberman

Inventor： Stephan G. Meier ,  Norbert Juffa ,  Frederick D. Weber ,  Stuart F. Oberman

IPC: G06F938

CPC classification number: G06F9/30032 ,  G06F9/30192 ,  G06F9/3836 ,  G06F9/384 ,  G06F9/3855 ,  G06F9/3857

Abstract: A microprocessor with a floating point unit configured to efficiently allocate multi-pipeline executable instructions is disclosed. Multi-pipeline executable instructions are instructions that are not forced to execute in a particular type of execution pipe. For example, junk ops are multi-pipeline executable. A junk op is an instruction that is executed at an early stage of the floating point unit's pipeline (e.g., during register rename), but still passes through an execution pipeline for exception checking. Junk ops are not limited to a particular execution pipeline, but instead may pass through any of the microprocessor's execution pipelines in the floating point unit. Multi-pipeline executable instructions are allocated on a per-clock cycle basis using a number of different criteria. For example, the allocation may vary depending upon the number of multi-pipeline executable instructions received by the floating point unit in a single clock cycle.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种具有配置成有效地分配多流水线可执行指令的浮点单元的微处理器。 多管道可执行指令是不强制在特定类型执行管道中执行的指令。 例如，垃圾操作是多管道可执行的。 垃圾操作是在浮点单元的流水线的早期执行的指令（例如，在寄存器重命名期间），但是仍然通过用于异常检查的执行管线。 垃圾操作不限于特定的执行管道，而是可以通过浮点单元中的任何一个微处理器的执行流水线。 使用许多不同的标准，在每个时钟周期的基础上分配多流水线可执行指令。 例如，分配可以根据浮点单元在单个时钟周期中接收的多流水线可执行指令的数量而变化。

公开(公告)号：US06247117B1

公开(公告)日：2001-06-12

申请号：US09265230

申请日：1999-03-08

Applicant: Norbert Juffa

Inventor： Norbert Juffa

IPC: G06F1500

CPC classification number: G06F9/226 ,  G06F9/30014 ,  G06F9/30192

Abstract: The use of checking instructions to detect special and exceptional cases of a defined data format in a microprocessor is disclosed. Generally speaking, a checking instruction is included with the microcode of floating-point instructions to detect special and exceptional cases of operand values for the floating-point instructions. A checking instruction is configured to set one or more flags in a flags register if it detects a special or exceptional case for an operand value. A checking instruction may also set the result or results of a floating-point instruction to a result value if a special or exceptional case is detected. In addition, a checking instruction may be configured to set one or more bits in status register if a special or exceptional case is detected. After a checking instruction completes execution, a subsequent microcode instruction can be executed to determine if one or more flags were set by the checking instruction. If one or more flags have been set by the checking instruction, the subsequent microcode instruction can branch to a non-sequential microcode instruction to handle the special or exceptional case detected by the checking instruction.

Abstract translation: 公开了使用检查指令来检测微处理器中定义的数据格式的特殊和异常情况。 一般来说，浮点指令的微码中包含检查指令，以检测浮点指令的操作数值的特殊情况和异常情况。 检查指令被配置为在标志寄存器中设置一个或多个标志，如果它检测到操作数值的特殊或异常情况。 如果检测到特殊或特殊情况，则检查指令还可以将浮点指令的结果或结果设置为结果值。 此外，如果检测到特殊或特殊情况，则检查指令可以被配置为在状态寄存器中设置一个或多个位。 在检查指令完成执行之后，可以执行随后的微代码指令以确定检查指令是否设置了一个或多个标志。 如果通过检查指令设置了一个或多个标志，则后续的微代码指令可以转移到非顺序的微代码指令，以处理由检查指令检测到的特殊或特殊情况。