Abstract:
A method of producing a fluoroolefin includes contacting a compound of formula (1), RfCH═CHF, with a fluorinated ethylene compound of formula (2), CX1X2═CX3X4 in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst. In the compound of formula (1), Rf is a C1-C10 perfluorinated alkyl group. In the compound of formula (2), X1, X2, X3, and X4 are each independently H, Cl, or F and at least one of X1, X2, X3, and X4 is F. The resulting composition comprises a compound of formula (3), RfCF3(CX5X6CX7X8)nCH═CHCX9X10CX11X12F. In the compound of formula (3), X5, X6, X7, X8, X9, X10, X11, and X12 are each independently H, Cl, or F, n is an integer of 0 or 1, and the total number of each of H, Cl, and F corresponds to the total number of each of H, Cl, and F provided by the fluorinated ethylene compound of formula (2).
Abstract:
In an embodiment, a method of producing a fluoroolefin comprises coupling 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (CF3—CF2—CHCl2) in a liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst to form a composition comprising 1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CH═CHCF2CF3). In another embodiment, a method of producing a fluoroolefin comprises coupling 1,1,1-trichloropentafluoropropane (CF3—CF2—CCl3) in a vapor phase in the presence of a first catalyst to form a composition comprising 3,4-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-hexene (CF3—CF2—CCl═CCl—CF2—CF3). The method may further include forming the CF3—CF2—CCl3 in a vapor phase from CF3CF2CHmCl3-m and chlorine (Cl2). The method may further include hydrodechlorinating the 3,4-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-hexene with hydrogen (H2) in a vapor phase in the presence of a second catalyst to form a composition comprising CF3CF2CH═CHCF2CF3 and 3-chloro-1,1,1,2,2,5,5,6,6,6-decafluoro-3-hexene (CF3CF2CCl═CHCF2CF3).
Abstract:
A method is provided for converting heat from a heat source to mechanical energy. The method comprises heating a working fluid using heat supplied from the heat source; and expanding the heated working fluid to lower pressure of the working fluid and generating mechanical energy as the pressure of the working fluid is lowered. The method is characterized by using a working fluid comprising (2E)-1,1,1,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pent-2-ene (HFO-153-10mzzy). Also provided is a power cycle apparatus. The apparatus is characterized by containing a working fluid comprising HFO-153-10mzzy.
Abstract:
A method for producing heating in a high temperature heat pump having a heat exchanger is provided. The method comprises extracting heat from a working fluid, thereby producing a cooled working fluid wherein said working fluid comprises (2E)-1,1,1,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pent-2-ene (“HFO-153-10mzzy”). Also, a high temperature heat pump apparatus is provided containing a working fluid comprising HFO-153-10mzzy. Also a composition is provided comprising (i) a working fluid consisting essentially of HFO-153-10mzzy; and (ii) a stabilizer to prevent degradation at temperatures of 55° C. or above, or (iii) a lubricant suitable for use at 55° C. or above, or both (ii) and (iii).
Abstract:
An alkoxyvinyl ether is disclosed having the chemical structure RfC(OR)═CHRf′, wherein Rf is an at least partially fluorinated functional group having at least one carbon atom, Rf′ is an at least partially fluorinated functional group having at least two carbon atoms, and R is a functional group. A method for preparing an alkoxyvinyl ether is disclosed, comprising RfCFHCFHRf′+KOH/ROH→RfC(OR)═CHRf′, wherein Rf is a perfluoro functional group, Rf′ is a perfluoro functional group, and R is an alkyl functional group. Another method for preparing an alkoxyvinyl ether is disclosed, comprising RfCF═CHRf′+KOH/ROH→RfC(OR)═CHRf′, wherein Rf is a perfluoro functional group, Rf′ is a perfluoro functional group, and R is an alkyl functional group.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a method for producing heating in a high temperature heat pump having a heat exchanger. The method comprises extracting heat from a working fluid, thereby producing a cooled working fluid wherein said working fluid comprises at least one alkyl perfluoroalkene ether. Also disclosed is a method of raising the maximum feasible condenser operating temperature in a high temperature heat pump apparatus. The method comprises charging the high temperature heat pump with a working fluid comprising at least one alkyl perfluoroalkene ether. Also disclosed is a high temperature heat pump apparatus. The apparatus contains a working fluid comprising at least one alkyl perfluoroalkene ether. Also disclosed is a composition comprising at least one alkyl perfluoroalkene ether, and specialized additives or lubricants for use in a high temperature heat pump.