摘要:
Cellulosic material is delignified with oxygen previously dissolved into a fresh alkaline aqueous medium, all of the oxygen contacting said cellulosic material being introduced into said cellulosic material by said alkaline aqueous medium containing oxygen dissolved therein and the cellulosic material consistency during delignification being such as to form an agglomeration of said cellulosic material and alkaline aqueous medium in the form of a layer without any gaseous space therein.
摘要:
A process for preparing pulp in a closed system by pre-cooking fibrous raw material in an alkaline aqueous solution of sodium carbonate or a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate as the only alkaline ingredients at 90.degree.-190.degree. C, defibrating the pre-cooked material, pulping the defibrated material in an alkaline aqueous solution of sodium carbonate or a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate as the only alkaline ingredients in a pressurized vessel at 90.degree.-170.degree. C in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas, subjecting waste liquor discharged from the pre-cooking and pulping steps to wet combustion to recover an alkaline aqueous substance and recycling the alkaline aqueous substance resulting from combustion to the pre-cooking and/or pulping steps.
摘要:
In the present invention, an electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of an image carrying member, while ink having a tack value of not less than one is used as ink in an ink developing device. The ink is held in an ink carrying member. The ink held in the ink carrying member is brought into contact with the surface of the image carrying member to supply the ink to the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrying member, to form an ink image on the surface of the image carrying member. The ink image is transferred onto a recording medium from the surface of the image carrying member by a transfer device.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus provided with a mechanism for causing an intermediate transfer member to be in contact with a photoconductor while a toner image formed on the photoconductor after development is firstly transferred onto the intermediate transfer member and otherwise keeps the transfer member away from the photoconductor.The mechanism for causing contact or separation keeps the intermediate transfer member away from a cleaner by its function of contacting the intermediate transfer member with the photoconductor, and keeps the intermediate transfer member in contact with the cleaner by its function of keeping the intermediate transfer member away from the photoconductor.
摘要:
A process for producing a 5-fluorobenzoic acid of the formula (V), which comprises trichloromethylating a fluorobenzene of the formula (I) to obtain a 5-fluorobenzotrichloride of the formula (II), then reacting it with aqueous ammonia to obtain a 5-fluorobenzonitrile of the formula (III), reacting it with a fluorinating agent to obtain a 5-fluorobenzonitrile of the formula (IV) and hydrolyzing it: ##STR1## wherein each of X.sub.1, X.sub.3, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.3 is a halogen atom, and each of X.sub.2 and Y.sub.2 is hydrogen or a halogen atom.
摘要:
An image forming method and an apparatus therefor for forming a reproduced color image on a recording medium by repeating a process of forming on a latent image carrier an electrostatic latent image corresponding to a document image through an image exposure, depositing one of at least yellow, magenta and cyan toners on the electrostatic latent image, wherein a color which is read as a mixture of magenta and cyan is deposited as magenta or cyan according to the proportion of mixing of magenta and cyan in the mixed color.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus has a corona discharge device for transferring a toner image formed on a photosensitive member onto paper and a suction fan for drawing air from the inside of the corona discharge device to exhaust ozone. The corona discharge device has a wire electrode, a shield member surrounding the wire electrode including a lower portion located on the opposite side to the photosensitive member with respect to the wire electrode and a pair of side portions extending from the respective side edges of the lower portion toward the photosensitive member, and a cover member located between the photosensitive member and the wire electrode and extending downstream from the upstream side of the wire electrode with respect to the direction of transport of the paper to cover a part of the upper side of the wire electrode, the remaining part of the upper side of the wire electrode being used for transferring the toner image by corona discharge. The shield member is formed with a first opening in the lower portion for drawing air therethrough, and a second opening in one of the side portions at a position near the photosensitive member. With the above arrangement, air flows through the remaining part of the upper side of the wire electrode and also through the second opening into the corona discharge device and then flows out through the first opening by being drawn by the suction fan.
摘要:
A slit illumination system including a document support, a light source, a first elliptic mirror arranged at an opposite side to the document support with respect to the light source, an auxiliary mirror positioned at an opposite side to the first elliptic mirror with respect to the image light passage reflected by the document and a second elliptic mirror arranged at the side of the document with respect to the first elliptic mirror. The first elliptic mirror has a focussing line thereof positioned above or below the document and the second elliptic mirror has it positioned at the opposite side. The illumination light which is composed from the first elliptic mirror and from the second elliptic mirror through the auxiliary mirror has a flat top illumination intensity on the document.
摘要:
An object is to provide a printing apparatus or the like that improves printing accuracy when a carriage moves back and forth for printing. A block 51 on a block surface plate is mounted on the block surface plate at a predetermined location. On the other hand, a substrate 54 on a print surface plate is mounted at a location corresponding to the location of the block 51, that is, a location where a picture transfer is desirably received from a blanket cylinder 13. In the present invention, the arrangement of sliders 52 and 40 for the block carriage 50 and a printing carriage 7 to reciprocate along two rails 30 in the block carriage 50 and that in the printing carriage 7 are the same. With such an arrangement, at the same location immediately below the blanket cylinder 13 on the same track 30, even when the straightness of the rail 30 is not sufficient, the block 51 and the glass substrate 54 take the same position at the location, and thus print misalignment can be prevented.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus has an image carrying member having a movable surface and an electrostatic latent image carried thereon, a release agent application device for applying a release agent to the surface of the image carrying member, and an ink developing device for bringing an ink into contact with the image carrying member having the electrostatic latent image formed thereon and the release agent applied thereto, to form an ink image corresponding to the electrostatic latent image. The ratio (Ti/To) of the tack value Ti of the ink to the tack value To of the release agent is not less than 2.