摘要:
A light guide plate includes an incident surface on which light outputted from point light sources is incident and an outgoing surface for outputting light incident from the incident surface. A reflection-and-propagation surface for reflecting light toward the outgoing surface is formed in a back surface opposite to the outgoing surface. The outgoing surface is made up of a propagation region adjacent to the incident surface, a propagation auxiliary region adjacent to the propagation region, a first diffusion-and-propagation region adjacent to the propagation auxiliary region, and a second diffusion-and-propagation region adjacent to the first diffusion-and-propagation region. The propagation region, the propagation auxiliary region, and the first diffusion-and-propagation region control hot spots and bright/dark lines in vicinities of the incident surface, while the second diffusion-and-propagation region controls viewing-angle characteristics of the light guide plate.
摘要:
A light guide plate includes an incident surface on which light outputted from point light sources is incident and an outgoing surface for outputting light incident from the incident surface. A reflection-and-propagation surface for reflecting light toward the outgoing surface is formed in a back surface opposite to the outgoing surface. The outgoing surface is made up of a propagation region adjacent to the incident surface, a propagation auxiliary region adjacent to the propagation region, a first diffusion-and-propagation region adjacent to the propagation auxiliary region, and a second diffusion-and-propagation region adjacent to the first diffusion-and-propagation region. The propagation region, the propagation auxiliary region, and the first diffusion-and-propagation region control hot spots and bright/dark lines in vicinities of the incident surface, while the second diffusion-and-propagation region controls viewing-angle characteristics of the light guide plate.
摘要:
A light guide plate having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface receives light in a first direction parallel with the second surface and emits the light towards the first surface in a third direction perpendicular to the first surface. The light guide plate includes a light receiving portion which receives the light; a light guiding path which guides the light in the first direction; and an emitting portion which emits the light by reflecting the guided light towards the first surface in the third direction. The emitting portion includes a plurality of V-shaped grooves extending on the second surface in a second direction crossing the first direction. Each V-shaped groove extends in the first direction and is formed so as to be deepest in the center in the second direction and become shallower as a distance from the center increases.
摘要:
A charge control agent comprises a barbituric acid derivative represented by the following general formula (1): wherein R1 to R8 are alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups or aryl groups, V, W, X, Y and Z are carbon atoms or nitrogen atoms, at least two of which being carbon atoms, and p, q, r, s and t are the numbers of 0 or 1.
摘要:
A sewage treatment apparatus includes a membrane separation active-sludge treating section which performs a biological treatment on a part of sewage, which is introduced by a water introducing section while flowing through a sewer trunk line, to generate first treated sewage; a membrane highly treating section which performs a membrane high treatment on the first treated sewage to generate second treated sewage; a membrane treating tank which stores the first treated sewage; a membrane highly treating tank which stores the second treated sewage; water level sensors which respectively measure water level of the membrane treating tank and the membrane highly treating tank; and a power-control section which controls water introducing quantity of the water introducing section on the basis of the water level data measured by the water level sensors.
摘要:
The present invention discloses an oxidized mixed cyclic phenol sulfide which is a mixture of the oxidized cyclic phenol sulfide wherein in is 8 and the oxidized cyclic phenol sulfide wherein m is an integer other than 8, the oxidized cyclic phenol sulfide being represented by the following formula (1): wherein R is a straight or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, m is an integer from 4 to 9, and n is 1 or 2; or an oxidized cyclic phenol sulfide of formula (1) wherein m is 8. The present invention also discloses a charge control agent which comprises the above sulfide(s) as the active ingredient; and a toner which comprises the charge control agent, a coloring agent and a binder resin. This charge control agent is particularly useful for color toners, and it speeds up charging risetime, and has a high charge amount and charging characteristics excellent in environmental stability. Further, the charge control agent is safe since it does not have any problem with the waste regulations.
摘要:
The present invention is to provide a charge controlling agent and negatively chargeable toner that do not contain any toxic metal, are essentially free from the risk of evoking ignition or explosion, and can exhibit a high charge amount and rapid initial increase in charging. The charge controlling agent is a mono azo iron complex compound represented by Formula (1): wherein J represents H, alkali metal, ammonium, or alkyl ammonium, or two or more of those elements in combination.
摘要:
An array light source 1 with semiconductor laser sources disposed one-dimensionally and a projective lens 2 are used to illuminate an inspected object so that light beams projected from the array light source form a dotted line on the object. A line sensor is used to receive through an objective lens 3 light emitted from an imaging area 11 away from an illuminated area 12. An image signal, fed to an image processing unit 8 through a pre-processing unit 7 producing an image from signals from the line sensor 4 and a stage 5 is processed, while the stage 5 bearing the object 6 is being gradually moved, to inspect the object 6 for crack defects 9 and 10 by detecting an optically nonhomogeneous portion of the object. The method allows a crack defect of an object, such as a ceramic substrate or a sintered metal product, to be detected fast with high accuracy.
摘要:
A phase grating has a concave part of rectangular shape type substantially, of which grating depth is deeper in a specific range than depth d' calculated in a formula .vertline.n-n.sub.0 .vertline..times.(p-d'/e)/p.times.d'=(.lambda./2).times.(1+2m) (where m=0, .+-.1, .+-.2, . . . ) in terms of center wavelength .lambda. of light having partial interference to be diffracted by the phase grating, pitch length p of the phase grating, refractive index n of base material of the phase grating, refractive index n.sub.0 of medium surrounding the phase grating, and shape ratio e as the ratio of grating depth to width of slope of the concave part.
摘要:
A method of forming column signals for driving a liquid crystal display apparatus having a plurality of row electrodes and a plurality of column electrodes wherein a plurality of the row electrodes are selected as a batch; the column electrodes are applied with voltages based on orthogonal transformation signals which are obtained by transforming picture signals corresponding to the positions of the simultaneously selected row electrodes on a panel by an orthogonal function, and the row electrodes are applied with the voltages based on the orthogonal transformation signals; the formation of column signals from the picture signals corresponding to the positions of the simultaneously selected row electrodes on the panel includes a serial-parallel transforming step of transforming inputted picture signals into those having a predetermined bit length, a writing/reading step of reading the picture signals having a predetermined bit length after the picture signals have once been written in a memory; and an operating step of transforming by the orthogonal function the picture signals readout from the memory into the orthogonal transformation signals, wherein a random access mode is used for writing the picture signals in the writing/reading step, and data on the row electrodes corresponding to the same column electrodes are stored in an L number of adjoining addresses with respect to an L number of simultaneously selected row electrodes.