摘要:
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) biosensors for assessing the intracellular localization, internalization and trafficking into cellular compartments of proteins such as receptors, and other biomolecules such as second messengers, are disclosed. These biosensors, which are dependent on the concentration/density of the BRET donor and acceptor in cellular compartments rather that specific protein-protein interactions, use a Renilla GFP/Luc BRET pair, which allows the robust and reproducible monitoring of protein trafficking/localization, with a sensitivity compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS). The use of these biosensors for various applications, including assessing/monitoring protein endocytosis, recycling and intracellular trafficking, receptor maturation/rescue by pharmacological chaperones, various endocytosis/exocytosis processes, activation/inhibition, as well as biomolecule concentration/density in different cellular compartments, is also disclosed.
摘要:
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) biosensors for assessing the intracellular localization, internalization and trafficking into cellular compartments of proteins such as receptors, and other biomolecules such as second messengers, are disclosed. These biosensors, which are dependent on the concentration/density of the BRET donor and acceptor in cellular compartments rather that specific protein-protein interactions, use a Renilla GFP/Luc BRET pair, which allows the robust and reproducible monitoring of protein trafficking/localization, with a sensitivity compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS). The use of these biosensors for various applications, including assessing/monitoring protein endocytosis, recycling and intra-cellular trafficking, receptor maturation/rescue by pharmacological chaperones, various endocytosis/exocytosis processes, activation/inhibition, as well as biomolecule concentration/density in different cellular compartments, is also disclosed.
摘要:
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) biosensors for assessing the intracellular localization, internalization and trafficking into cellular compartments of proteins such as receptors, and other biomolecules such as second messengers, are disclosed. These biosensors, which are dependent on the concentration/density of the BRET donor and acceptor in cellular compartments rather that specific protein-protein interactions, use a Renilla GFP/Luc BRET pair, which allows the robust and reproducible monitoring of protein trafficking/localization, with a sensitivity compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS). The use of these biosensors for various applications, including assessing/monitoring protein endocytosis, recycling and intracellular trafficking, receptor maturation/rescue by pharmacological chaperones, various endocytosis/exocytosis processes, activation/inhibition, as well as biomolecule concentration/density in different cellular compartments, is also disclosed.
摘要:
Systems and methods for the monitoring of G protein activation at various cell compartments, such as the plasma membrane and the endosomes, and in a Gα protein subunit family-selective manner are described. These systems and methods also allows the monitoring of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated as well as non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)-mediated G protein activation, and are based on the use of the G protein-binding domains of specific effectors of G proteins and cellular compartment markers, tagged with suitable energy (BRET) donors and acceptors.
摘要:
Resonance energy transfer (RET)- or protein-fragment complement assay (PCA)-based biosensors useful for assessing the activity of G-proteins are described. These biosensors are based on the competition between the Got subunit and a Gβγ interacting protein (βγ IP) for the binding to the Gβγ dimer. These biosensors comprises (1) a βγ IP and (2) a Gβ or Gγ protein; a GPCR; or a plasma membrane targeting domain, fused to suitable RET or PCA tags. Methods using such biosensors for different applications, including the identification of agents that modulates G-protein activity or for the characterization of GPCR signaling/regulation, such as G-protein preferences and activation profiles of GPCRs, are also described.
摘要:
Described herein is a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) based system and method to monitor ternary complex formation in real-time in live cells with high sensitivity and accuracy. This system transfers energy simultaneously between a luciferase donor and intermediate and terminal acceptors, appropriately chosen to also enable transfer from the intermediate to terminal acceptor while minimizing contaminating signals. The system may also be adapted for quaternary complex detection by including a protein complementation assay (PCA) component. The system is broadly applicable to the detection of any protein ternary/quaternary complex such as those involving nuclear receptors, GPCRs, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTKs), multimeric enzymes or structural proteins.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a compound of Formula I: wherein X, R1, R2, and R3 are as defined herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to allow the drug to penetrate the cell membrane; or a prodrug, or the compound is labeled with a detectable label or an affinity tag thereof. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition, a method of treating a disorder mediated by melanocortin-4 receptors, and a method of treating obesity using the compounds described.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a compound of Formula I: wherein X, R1, R2, and R3 are as defined herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to allow the drug to penetrate the cell membrane; or a prodrug, or the compound is labeled with a detectable label or an affinity tag thereof. Also disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition, a method of treating a disorder mediated by melanocortin-4 receptors, and a method of treating obesity using the compounds described.