摘要:
An internal combustion engine has an air intake system with an air intake pipe and which communicates with a combustion chamber of a cylinder as a function of a switch position of a gas inlet valve. Furthermore, a compressor is disposed in the air intake system and is embodied for the purpose of compressing a mass air flow. Also, a throttle valve is disposed in the air intake system downstream of the compressor and by which the compressed mass air flow into the air intake pipe can be throttled. The internal combustion engine furthermore has a differential pressure sensor which is disposed in the air intake system and is embodied for the purpose of measuring a differential pressure between a charge pressure that prevails downstream of the compressor and upstream of the throttle valve and an ambient pressure that prevails outside of the air intake system.
摘要:
Actual values of a load variable are detected by a sensor during active model trimming under different valve pressure conditions, and a model of estimated values is created. Trimming values of a model parameter are determined depending on detected and modeled values such that when the model parameter is trimmed, the modeled values approximate the detected values. A function is determined depending on the different pressure conditions and approximated to the trimming values. At different pressure conditions first lambda control values are detected. A first controller value fitted function is determined depending on the pressure conditions and approximated. When the model trimming mode is not active, second lambda control values are detected at different pressure conditions. A second controller value fitted function is determined depending on the pressure conditions and is approximated. An error of the intake system is detected depending on the fitted functions.
摘要:
Actual values of a load variable are detected by a sensor during active model trimming under different valve pressure conditions, and a model of estimated values is created. Trimming values of a model parameter are determined depending on detected and modeled values such that when the model parameter is trimmed, the modeled values approximate the detected values. A function is determined depending on the different pressure conditions and approximated to the trimming values. At different pressure conditions first lambda control values are detected. A first controller value fitted function is determined depending on the pressure conditions and approximated. When the model trimming mode is not active, second lambda control values are detected at different pressure conditions. A second controller value fitted function is determined depending on the pressure conditions and is approximated. An error of the intake system is detected depending on the fitted functions.
摘要:
The present invention relates to transgenic pigs containing a dominant-negative incretin hormone receptor, namely the dominant-negative human glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor. The present invention furthermore relates to uses of these transgenic pigs as clinically relevant animal model systems for studying the pathogenesis and novel therapies for diabetes mellitus type 2, particularly for the maintenance and expansion of pancreatic β-cell mass.
摘要:
A testing apparatus for testing mobile telephones includes an antenna coupler, a holder and a testing device. The antenna coupler includes a printed circuit board upon one side of which is formed a slot antenna operative in a first frequency range and a dipole antenna operative in a second frequency range. The holder secures a mobile telephone under test in proximity to the antenna coupler. A coupler formed on a second side of the printed circuit board selectively supplies signals received by one of the antenna elements to the testing device. The testing device measures transmission and reception characteristics of the mobile telephone under test, including transmission phase error, frequency error, power and spectrum, and bit error rate.
摘要:
A protective sleeve for a medical device including a main body which has a distal end and a proximal end and on the lateral surface of which at least one stop element is disposed, which during insertion of the protective sleeve into an introducer limits the insertion depth of the protective sleeve into the introducer and which preferably is disposed at the distal end of the main body.
摘要:
One embodiment of the invention relates to an implant with a coating containing at least one active pharmaceutical substance. The inventive implant is characterized in that the coating is covered by a protective layer comprising or containing one or more materials from the group including shellac, vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate-crotonic acid copolymer, vinyl acetate-vinyl propionate-crotonic acid terpolymer, methylvinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymer, vinylpyrrolidone-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polycrotonic acid, polyvinyl propionate, polymethylvinyl ether, polymaleic anhydride and polydimethylaminoethyl acrylate.
摘要:
A computing device includes a processing unit and a memory with instructions that, when executed by the processing unit, cause the processing unit to create: a business software processing module that manages business application software for a plurality of businesses. The business processing software module comprises a customization module, a registration module and an activation module. The customization module stores and processes definitions for business solutions that permit a business application external to the computing device to be integrated with business application software included on the computing device. The registration module makes the business solutions available to users of the computing device. The activation module generates an activation token and a web page for each request to activate a business solution. For each activation request, the activation module redirects the web page to a URL specified in the business solution definition corresponding to the activation request.
摘要:
The invention relates to the examination of the attachment or detachment of living or dead cells, or cell-like particles, or other surface accumulations on surfaces, by means of plasmon resonance. The reflected light is evaluated such that two or more intensity minima of the reflected light occurring within a time frame are registered in a time dependant manner for different incident angles. The registered measurement signals reflect the respective amount of the surface accumulation. In case two intensity minima have occurred at the same time, valuable information about particular processes regarding the surface accumulation, for example regarding the adhesion of cells, can be obtained. Said information is of particular importance in the field of medicine/biology.