公开(公告)号：US08110082B2

公开(公告)日：2012-02-07

申请号：US11731952

申请日：2007-04-02

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Thomas L Ferrell ,  Gilbert M. Brown

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Thomas L Ferrell ,  Gilbert M. Brown

IPC分类号： G01N27/453 ,  H01L31/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/305

摘要： A method, system, and apparatus are provided for separating molecules, such as biomolecules. The method, system, and apparatus utilize an electrochemical cell having at least two electrodes, one electrode comprising a photo-sensitive material capable of generating a photopotential. Molecules are moved through an electrolyte medium between the at least two electrodes based upon localized photopotentials.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种分离分子的方法，系统和装置，例如生物分子。 该方法，系统和装置利用具有至少两个电极的电化学电池，一个电极包括能够产生光电势的光敏材料。 基于局部的光电势，分子在至少两个电极之间移动通过电解质介质。

公开(公告)号：US07211181B2

公开(公告)日：2007-05-01

申请号：US10365242

申请日：2003-02-12

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Thomas L. Ferrell ,  Gilbert M. Brown

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Thomas L. Ferrell ,  Gilbert M. Brown

IPC分类号： G01N27/447 ,  G01N27/453

CPC分类号： G01N27/305

摘要： A method, system, and apparatus are provided for separating molecules, such as biomolecules. The method, system, and apparatus utilize an electrochemical cell having at least to electrodes, one electrode comprising a photo-sensitive material capable of generating a photopotential. Molecules are moved through an electrolyte medium between the at least two electrodes based upon localized photopotentials.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种分离分子的方法，系统和装置，例如生物分子。 该方法，系统和装置利用至少具有电极的电化学电池，一个电极包括能够产生光致电位的光敏材料。 基于局部的光电势，分子在至少两个电极之间移动通过电解质介质。

公开(公告)号：US07090757B2

公开(公告)日：2006-08-15

申请号：US10077633

申请日：2002-02-15

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Thomas L. Ferrell ,  Gilbert M. Brown

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Thomas L. Ferrell ,  Gilbert M. Brown

IPC分类号： G01N27/447 ,  G01N27/453

CPC分类号： G01N27/305

摘要： A method and apparatus for separating molecules. The apparatus includes a substrate having a surface. A film in contact with the surface defines a substrate/film interface. An electrode electrically connected to the film applies a voltage potential between the electrode and the substrate to form a depletion region in the substrate at the substrate/film interface. A photon energy source having an energy level greater than the potential is directed at the depletion region to form electron-hole pairs in the depletion region. At least one of the electron-hole pairs is separated by the potential into an independent electron and an independent hole having opposite charges and move in opposing directions. One of the electron and hole reach the substrate/film interface to create a photopotential in the film causing charged molecules in the film to move in response to the localized photovoltage.

公开(公告)号：US06831747B2

公开(公告)日：2004-12-14

申请号：US10338614

申请日：2003-01-08

申请人： Thomas L. Ferrell ,  Thomas G. Thundat

发明人： Thomas L. Ferrell ,  Thomas G. Thundat

IPC分类号： G01N2155

CPC分类号： G01N21/553

摘要： A microoptoelectromechanical integrated spectrometer with a photonic element assembly having metal foil removably disposed on a first transparent substrate surface, the substrate having no foil on any other surface. A means is provided for directing source photons that are reflected from or transmitted through a sample, over a range of angles of incidence, into the transparent substrate and onto the metal foil such that source photons are incident at the Brewsters angle. A means is also provided for detecting an induced exponential field in the metal foil. A means is also provided for relating the induced exponential field to a known exponential field for the sample and determining the identity of the sample. The spectrometer performs ultraviolet-to-visible-to-infrared spectroscopy using photon tunneling and surface plasmon excitation.

公开(公告)号：US06763705B1

公开(公告)日：2004-07-20

申请号：US10462249

申请日：2003-06-16

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Thomas L. Ferrell ,  Karolyn M. Hansen ,  Fang Tian

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Thomas L. Ferrell ,  Karolyn M. Hansen ,  Fang Tian

IPC分类号： G01N2700

CPC分类号： G01N33/54373 ,  G01N29/022 ,  G01N2291/012 ,  G01N2291/014 ,  G01N2291/0255 ,  G01N2291/0256 ,  G01N2291/106

摘要： In an improved uncoated microcantilever detector, the sample sites are placed on a separate semi-conducting substrate and the microcantilever element detects and measures the changes before and after a chemical interaction or hybridization of the sites by sensing differences of phase angle between an alternating voltage applied to the microcantilever element and vibration of the microcantilever element. In another embodiment of the invention, multiple sample sites are on a sample array wherein an array of microcantilever elements detect and measure the change before and after chemical interactions or hybridizations of the sample sites.

摘要翻译： 在改进的未涂覆微悬臂梁检测器中，将样品位置放置在单独的半导体衬底上，并且微悬臂元件通过感测所施加的交流电压之间的相位角的差异来检测并测量化学相互作用或场地杂交之前和之后的变化 到微型悬臂元件和微悬臂梁元件的振动。 在本发明的另一个实施方案中，多个样品位点在样品阵列上，其中微悬臂梁元件的阵列在样品位点的化学相互作用或杂化之前和之后检测和测量变化。

公开(公告)号：US07716965B2

公开(公告)日：2010-05-18

申请号：US11588542

申请日：2006-10-27

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Gilbert M. Brown

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Gilbert M. Brown

IPC分类号： G01N27/00

CPC分类号： G01N29/036 ,  G01N2291/0256

摘要： An electrochemical suspended element-based sensor system includes a solution cell for holding an electrolyte comprising solution including at least one electrochemically reducible or oxidizable species. A working electrode (WE), reference electrode (RE) and a counter electrode (CE) are disposed in the solution. The CE includes an asymmetric suspended element, wherein one side of the suspended element includes a metal or a highly doped semiconductor surface. The suspended element bends when current associated with reduction or oxidation of the electrochemically reducible or oxidizable species at the WE passes through the suspended element. At least one measurement system measures the bending of the suspended element or a parameter which is a function of the bending.

摘要翻译： 基于电化学悬浮元件的传感器系统包括用于保持电解质的溶液池，所述电解质包含至少一种电化学还原性或可氧化物质的溶液。 在该溶液中设置工作电极（WE），参比电极（RE）和对电极（CE）。 CE包括不对称悬置元件，其中悬浮元件的一侧包括金属或高度掺杂的半导体表面。 当与WE的电化学还原性或可氧化物质的还原或氧化相关的电流通过悬浮元件时，悬浮元件弯曲。 至少一个测量系统测量悬挂元件的弯曲或作为弯曲函数的参数。

公开(公告)号：US20100033723A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-11

申请号：US12488238

申请日：2009-06-19

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Charles W. Van Neste ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Lawrence R. Senesac

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Charles W. Van Neste ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Lawrence R. Senesac

IPC分类号： G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 ,  G01N29/2418

摘要： A system generates a photoacoustic spectrum in an open or closed environment with reduced noise. A source focuses a beam on a target substance disposed on a base. The base supports a cantilever that measures acoustic waves generated as light is absorbed by the target substance. By focusing a chopped/pulsed light beam on the target substance, a range of optical absorbance may be measured as the wavelength of light changes. An identifying spectrum of the target may detected by monitoring the vibration intensity variation of the cantilever as a function of illuminating wavelength or color.

摘要翻译： 系统在开放或封闭环境中产生光声谱，噪声降低。 源将光束聚焦在设置在基底上的目标物质上。 底座支撑悬臂，用于测量当物体吸收光时产生的声波。 通过将切碎/脉冲光束聚焦在目标物质上，可以随着光的波长变化来测量光吸收的范围。 通过监测作为照明波长或颜色的函数的悬臂的振动强度变化来检测目标的识别光谱。

公开(公告)号：US20080099330A1

公开(公告)日：2008-05-01

申请号：US11588542

申请日：2006-10-27

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Gilbert M. Brown

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Gilbert M. Brown

IPC分类号： G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N29/036 ,  G01N2291/0256

摘要： An electrochemical suspended element-based sensor system includes a solution cell for holding an electrolyte comprising solution including at least one electrochemically reducible or oxidizable species. A working electrode (WE), reference electrode (RE) and a counter electrode (CE) are disposed in the solution. The CE includes an asymmetric suspended element, wherein one side of the suspended element includes a metal or a highly doped semiconductor surface. The suspended element bends when current associated with reduction or oxidation of the electrochemically reducible or oxidizable species at the WE passes through the suspended element. At least one measurement system measures the bending of the suspended element or a parameter which is a function of the bending.

摘要翻译： 基于电化学悬浮元件的传感器系统包括用于保持电解质的溶液池，所述电解质包含至少一种电化学还原性或可氧化物质的溶液。 在该溶液中设置工作电极（WE），参比电极（RE）和对电极（CE）。 CE包括不对称悬置元件，其中悬浮元件的一侧包括金属或高度掺杂的半导体表面。 当与WE的电化学还原性或可氧化物质的还原或氧化相关的电流通过悬浮元件时，悬浮元件弯曲。 至少一个测量系统测量悬挂元件的弯曲或作为弯曲函数的参数。

公开(公告)号：US08194246B2

公开(公告)日：2012-06-05

申请号：US12488238

申请日：2009-06-19

申请人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Charles W. Van Neste ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Lawrence R. Senesac

发明人： Thomas G. Thundat ,  Charles W. Van Neste ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Lawrence R. Senesac

IPC分类号： G01J3/30

CPC分类号： G01N21/1702 ,  G01N29/2418

摘要： A system generates a photoacoustic spectrum in an open or closed environment with reduced noise. A source focuses a beam on a target substance disposed on a base. The base supports a cantilever that measures acoustic waves generated as light is absorbed by the target substance. By focusing a chopped/pulsed light beam on the target substance, a range of optical absorbance may be measured as the wavelength of light changes. An identifying spectrum of the target may detected by monitoring the vibration intensity variation of the cantilever as a function of illuminating wavelength or color.

摘要翻译： 系统在开放或封闭环境中产生光声谱，噪声降低。 源将光束聚焦在设置在基底上的目标物质上。 底座支撑悬臂，用于测量当物体吸收光时产生的声波。 通过将切碎/脉冲光束聚焦在目标物质上，可以随着光的波长变化来测量光吸收的范围。 通过监测作为照明波长或颜色的函数的悬臂的振动强度变化来检测目标的识别光谱。

公开(公告)号：US07579052B2

公开(公告)日：2009-08-25

申请号：US11859047

申请日：2007-09-21

申请人： Vassil I. Boiadjiev ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Lal A. Pinnaduwage ,  Thomas G. Thundat ,  Peter V. Bonnesen ,  Gudrun Goretzki

发明人： Vassil I. Boiadjiev ,  Gilbert M. Brown ,  Lal A. Pinnaduwage ,  Thomas G. Thundat ,  Peter V. Bonnesen ,  Gudrun Goretzki

IPC分类号： B05D3/10 ,  B05D3/12 ,  G01N7/00

CPC分类号： G01N29/022 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y35/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  G01N2291/0256 ,  G01N2291/0423 ,  G01N2291/0426 ,  G01N2291/0427

摘要： Highly sensitive sensor platforms for the detection of specific reagents, such as chromate, gasoline and biological species, using microcantilevers and other microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) whose surfaces have been modified with photochemically attached organic monolayers, such as self-assembled monolayers (SAM), or gold-thiol surface linkage are taught. The microcantilever sensors use photochemical hydrosilylation to modify silicon surfaces and gold-thiol chemistry to modify metallic surfaces thereby enabling individual microcantilevers in multicantilever array chips to be modified separately. Terminal vinyl substituted hydrocarbons with a variety of molecular recognition sites can be attached to the surface of silicon via the photochemical hydrosilylation process. By focusing the activating UV light sequentially on selected silicon or silicon nitride hydrogen terminated surfaces and soaking or spotting selected metallic surfaces with organic thiols, sulfides, or disulfides, the microcantilevers are functionalized. The device and photochemical method are intended to be integrated into systems for detecting specific agents including chromate groundwater contamination, gasoline, and biological species.

摘要翻译： 用于检测特定试剂（如铬酸盐，汽油和生物物种）的高灵敏度传感器平台，使用微型悬臂梁和其表面已经用光化学附着的有机单层如自组装单层（SAM）进行了改性的其他微机电系统（MEMS） 或金 - 硫醇表面连接。 微悬臂传感器使用光化学氢化硅烷化来改性硅表面和金 - 硫醇化学，以改变金属表面，从而使多单元阵列芯片中的单个微悬臂梁可以单独修改。 具有多种分子识别位点的末端乙烯基取代的烃可以通过光化学氢化硅烷化方法连接到硅的表面。 通过将激活的UV光依次聚焦在选定的硅或氮化硅氢终止表面上，并用有机硫醇，硫化物或二硫化物浸泡或点样选定的金属表面，微悬臂梁被功能化。 该装置和光化学方法旨在集成到用于检测特定试剂的系统中，包括铬酸盐地下水污染物，汽油和生物物质。