Method of controlling a heater using heat flux ratios
    1.
    发明授权
    Method of controlling a heater using heat flux ratios 失效
    使用热通量比控制加热器的方法

    公开(公告)号:US5731485A

    公开(公告)日:1998-03-24

    申请号:US600384

    申请日:1996-02-12

    摘要: An improved method of continuously controlling a multi-zone heater used in a chemical process has been developed. Each zone of the multi-zone heater has an ideal heat flux, FI, and an actual heat flux, FA, and the difference between the heat flux ratios, .DELTA.(FA/FI), of consecutive zones is to be less than a tolerance, T, where T is in the range of about 0.0 to about 0.1. The control is effected by determining the ideal heat flux, FI, of each zone in the heater and determining the actual heat flux, FA, of each zone in the heater. The difference between the heat flux ratios of FA/FI in consecutive zones is then calculated as .DELTA.(FA/FI). A manipulated variable of the chemical process is then adjusted according to an algorithm relating the changes in the manipulated variable to changes in the actual heat flux of each zone to afford a new value of the actual heat flux FAN where .vertline..DELTA.(FAN/FI).vertline..ltoreq..vertline..DELTA.(FA/FI).vertline. for consecutive zones. The process is repeated until .vertline..DELTA.(FAN/FI).vertline..ltoreq.T for all consecutive zones.

    摘要翻译: 已经开发了一种连续控制化学工艺中使用的多区加热器的改进方法。 多区域加热器的每个区域具有理想的热通量FI和实际热通量FA,并且连续区域的热通量比DELTA(FA / FI)之间的差应小于公差 T,其中T在约0.0至约0.1的范围内。 通过确定加热器中每个区域的理想热通量FI并确定加热器中每个区域的实际热通量FA来实现该控制。 然后计算连续区域中FA / FI的热通量比之差为DELTA(FA / FI)。 然后根据将操作变量的变化与每个区域的实际热通量变化相关联的算法来调整化学过程的操纵变量,以提供实际热通量FAN的新值,其中| DELTA(FAN / FI)|

    Air-expanded mandrel having means to equalize expansion to obtain
concentric chucking
    3.
    发明授权
    Air-expanded mandrel having means to equalize expansion to obtain concentric chucking 失效
    空气膨胀心轴具有均衡膨胀以获得同心卡盘的装置

    公开(公告)号:US4229014A

    公开(公告)日:1980-10-21

    申请号:US971521

    申请日:1978-12-20

    申请人: Thomas J. Crowe

    发明人: Thomas J. Crowe

    IPC分类号: B23B31/30 B23B31/40

    摘要: A fluid actuated expanding mandrel or internal chuck is provided with means including very stiff springs to cause the expanding members to move outwardly a substantially equal amount, whereby a roll or workpiece is concentrically mounted, despite looseness between the bore of the roll or workpiece and the mandrel or internal chuck. A correspondingly inverted arrangement affords concentric chucking on the outer diameter of solid workpieces.

    摘要翻译: 流体驱动的膨胀心轴或内部卡盘设置有包括非常僵硬的弹簧的装置,以使扩张构件向外移动基本相等的量,由此辊或工件同心地安装,尽管辊或工件的孔与第 心轴或内部卡盘。 相应的倒置布置提供了实体工件的外径上的同心夹持。

    Packing support grid
    4.
    发明授权
    Packing support grid 失效
    包装支撑网格

    公开(公告)号:US4865819A

    公开(公告)日:1989-09-12

    申请号:US161735

    申请日:1988-02-29

    IPC分类号: B01J19/30

    CPC分类号: B01J19/305

    摘要: Solids plugging problems are often encountered during liquid-gas containing operations using a packed tower contactor. The invention alleviates or avoids such problems by providing a novel packing support grid characterized by a large total open area and large individual openings. The grid comprises vertically spaced upper and lower sets of laterally spaced bars. The vertical and lateral spacings are selected with respect to the size of the packing elements so that the packing elements cannot drop through the grid but at the same time the total open area of the grid is very large.

    摘要翻译: 在使用填充塔式接触器的含液体气体操作中经常遇到固体堵塞问题。 本发明通过提供一种具有大的总开放面积和大的单个开口的新颖的包装支撑网格来减轻或避免这些问题。 网格包括垂直间隔开的上下两组横向间隔开的杆。 相对于包装元件的尺寸选择垂直和侧向间隔,使得包装元件不能落下通过栅格,而是同时网格的总开口面积非常大。