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    Byte-based prefix encoding
    1.
    发明授权
    Byte-based prefix encoding 失效
    基于字节的前缀编码

    公开(公告)号：US5973626A

    公开(公告)日：1999-10-26

    申请号：US42509

    申请日：1998-03-17

    申请人： Toby Berger ,  Yi-Jen Chiu ,  Mikio Kawahara

    发明人： Toby Berger ,  Yi-Jen Chiu ,  Mikio Kawahara

    IPC分类号： H03M7/42 ,  H03M7/40 ,  H03M7/00

    CPC分类号： H03M7/42

    摘要： Two software-only prefix encoding techniques employ encoding look-up tables to produce contributions to the encoded bit stream that are incremented in integral numbers of bytes to facilitate accelerated encoding rates at the expense of an acceptable trade-off in increased memory size requirements. The first technique, referred to as offset-based encoding, employs encoding tables which eliminate most of the bit-based operations that need to be performed by a prefix encoder without inordinately expanding memory requirements. In offset-based encoding, a Huffman table is employed which contains information for each number of bits by which the length of a Huffman word is offset from an integral number of bytes. The encoding method generates bytes of encoded data, even though the Huffman code has variable length code words for each symbol to be encoded. The second technique, referred to as byte-based encoding, employs a byte-based Huffman encoding table which operates even faster than the offset-based encoding scheme because it does not employ any bit-based operations at all; however, this is achieved at the expense of a considerable expansion in memory requirements.

    摘要翻译： 两个仅软件前缀编码技术采用编码查找表来产生对以字节为单位递增的编码比特流的贡献，以便以增加的存储器大小要求的可接受的折衷为代价来加速编码速率。 称为基于偏移的编码的第一种技术使用编码表，其消除了需要由前缀编码器执行的大部分基于位的操作，而不会不断扩大存储器需求。 在基于偏移的编码中，使用霍夫曼表，其包含每个比特数的信息，通过该信息，霍夫曼字的长度与整数字节偏移。 编码方法生成编码数据的字节，即使霍夫曼代码对于要编码的每个符号具有可变长度代码字。 被称为基于字节的编码的第二种技术采用基于字节的霍夫曼编码表，其基于偏移的编码方案运行甚至更快，因为它完全不采用任何基于位的操作; 然而，这是以大量的内存需求扩张为代价的。

    Facsimile-based video compression method and system
    2.
    发明授权
    Facsimile-based video compression method and system 失效
    基于传真的视频压缩方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US5740278A

    公开(公告)日：1998-04-14

    申请号：US606043

    申请日：1996-02-16

    申请人： Toby Berger ,  Yi-Jen Chiu

    发明人： Toby Berger ,  Yi-Jen Chiu

    IPC分类号： G06T9/00 ,  H04N7/32 ,  H04N7/36 ,  H04N7/46 ,  G06K9/36 ,  H04N7/12

    CPC分类号： H04N19/00 ,  H04N19/503 ,  H04N19/507 ,  H04N19/587 ,  H04N19/59 ,  H04N19/93

    摘要： A method and system for compressing and decompressing video image data in real time employs thresholding and facsimile-based encoding to eliminate the need for computationally intensive two-dimensional transform-based compression techniques. The method operates first by forming a difference frame which contains only information pertaining to the difference between a current video image frame and a computed approximation of the video image frame. The difference frame is fed to a thresholder which categorizes each pixel in the frame as being either in a first set having intensities above or at a preset threshold, or a second set having intensities below a preset threshold. A facsimile-based compression algorithm is then employed to encode the first set of above or at threshold pixel locations. To compress the intensity data for each above or at threshold pixel, a quantizer and lossless encoder are preferably employed, with the quantizer serving to categorize the intensities by groups, and the lossless encoder using conventional coding, such as Huffman coding, to compress the intensity data further. Various techniques may be employed with the embodiments of the invention to adjust the actual amount of compressed data generated by the method and system to accommodate communication lines with different data rate capabilities.

    摘要翻译： 用于实时压缩和解压缩视频图像数据的方法和系统采用阈值和基于传真的编码，以消除对基于计算密集型二维变换的压缩技术的需要。 该方法首先通过形成仅包含与当前视频图像帧和计算出的视频图像帧的近似之间的差异的信息的差分帧来操作。 差分帧被馈送到将帧中的每个像素分类为具有高于或处于预设阈值的强度的第一组的阈值器，或者具有低于预设阈值的强度的第二组。 然后采用基于传真的压缩算法对上述第一组或阈值像素位置进行编码。 为了压缩每个上述或阈值像素处的强度数据，优选地采用量化器和无损编码器，量化器用于按组分组强度，并且使用诸如霍夫曼编码的常规编码的无损编码器来压缩强度 数据进一步。 本发明的实施例可以采用各种技术来调整由方法和系统生成的压缩数据的实际量，以适应​​具有不同数据速率能力的通信线路。

    Method of encoding two digital data signals
    5.
    发明授权
    Method of encoding two digital data signals 失效
    编码两个数字数据信号的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5259003A

    公开(公告)日：1993-11-02

    申请号：US789731

    申请日：1991-11-08

    申请人： Toby Berger ,  Keith Jarett

    发明人： Toby Berger ,  Keith Jarett

    IPC分类号： H03M5/14 ,  H03M13/31 ,  H04L25/49 ,  H04M1/725 ,  H04K1/10 ,  H04L1/02 ,  H04L5/12 ,  H04M11/00

    CPC分类号： H03M13/31 ,  H03M5/145 ,  H04L25/4908 ,  H04M1/72502

    摘要： A method to encode two digital data signals is disclosed. Each of the digital signals is characterized by a bit stream. An N bit block from the first signal is mapped to a unique M bit third signal where M is greater than N. Further, the number of "0's" in the M bit third signal is less than M/2. The M bit third signal is transmitted in the event a bit from the second signal is 0, whereas the complement of the M bit third signal is transmitted in the event a bit from the second signal is 1.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种对两个数字数据信号进行编码的方法。 每个数字信号的特征在于一个比特流。 来自第一信号的N比特块被映射到M大于N的唯一M比特第三信号。此外，M比特第三信号中的“0”数小于M / 2。 在第二信号的位为0的情况下发送M位第三信号，而在第二信号的位为1的情况下，M位第三信号的补码被发送。

    Method and an apparatus for electronically compressing a transaction with a human signature
    6.
    发明授权
    Method and an apparatus for electronically compressing a transaction with a human signature 失效
    用于电子压缩与人体签名的交易的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US5091975A

    公开(公告)日：1992-02-25

    申请号：US460755

    申请日：1990-01-04

    申请人： Toby Berger ,  Daniel H. Miller

    发明人： Toby Berger ,  Daniel H. Miller

    IPC分类号： G06K9/00 ,  G06Q20/20 ,  G06Q20/40 ,  G07C9/00

    CPC分类号： G06Q20/20 ,  G06K9/00154 ,  G06Q20/40 ,  G06Q20/4014 ,  G07C9/00063

    摘要： In the present invention a method of compressing a signature signal is disclosed. The signature signal is divided into a plurality of signature segment signals where each segment is encoded by using a modified ring-encoding method, such that the total number of grid points along the perimeter of all the rings can be stored in an 8-bit byte. In one embodiment of the method of the present invention, a Fibonacci series is used to determine the relative spacing of the rings. The present invention also discloses a method and apparatus for electronically processing a POS transaction with a human signature for verification of the transaction, as well as for request of extension of credit by a credit company. The signature is electronically captured, compressed and combined with a transaction signal which is representative of the transaction. The record signal is then processed by the credit company for verification of the transaction or for requesting extension of credit.

    摘要翻译： 在本发明中公开了一种压缩签名信号的方法。 签名信号被分成多个签名段信号，其中通过使用修改的环编码方法对每个段进行编码，使得沿着所有环的周边的网格点的总数可以存储在8位字节 。 在本发明方法的一个实施例中，使用斐波纳契系列来确定环的相对间距。 本发明还公开了一种用于电子处理具有用于验证交易的人签名的POS交易以及由信用公司扩展信用的请求的方法和装置。 签名被电子捕获，压缩并与表示交易的交易信号组合。 记录信号然后由信用公司处理以验证交易或请求延长信用。

    Adaptive method and system for real time verification of dynamic human signatures
    7.
    发明授权
    Adaptive method and system for real time verification of dynamic human signatures 失效
    用于实时验证动态人类签名的自适应方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US5559895A

    公开(公告)日：1996-09-24

    申请号：US790965

    申请日：1991-11-08

    申请人： Luan L. Lee ,  Toby Berger

    发明人： Luan L. Lee ,  Toby Berger

    IPC分类号： G06K9/00

    CPC分类号： G06K9/00154

    摘要： The adaptive dynamic signature verification system of the invention includes a number of types of signature verification terminals which digitize signatures for further verification by statistical analysis. A feature set is employed that consists of a number of personalized features, some static and some dynamic, each of which is normalized with respect to both time and spatial dimensions and allows for a degree of inconsistency in both speed and size of genuine signatures without losing the ability to discriminate against forgery attempts. The statistical approach also develops and employs either an individual-specific or a common feature subset for accurate signature discrimination.

    摘要翻译： 本发明的自适应动态签名验证系统包括许多类型的签名验证终端，其通过统计分析数字化签名以进一步验证。 采用的特征集包括许多个性化特征，一些静态和一些动态的，其中每一个都相对于时间和空间维度进行归一化，并允许在真实签名的速度和大小上的一定程度的不一致性，而不会丢失 歧视伪造企图的能力。 统计方法还开发并采用个人特定或共同特征子集进行准确的签名识别。

    Systems and methods to detect and avoid collisions in channel sense multiple access communications with multipacket reception
    8.
    发明授权
    Systems and methods to detect and avoid collisions in channel sense multiple access communications with multipacket reception 有权
    用于检测和避免信道检测中的冲突的系统和方法与多包接收的多址通信

    公开(公告)号：US07965733B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-06-21

    申请号：US11375853

    申请日：2006-03-14

    申请人： Douglas S. Chan ,  Toby Berger

    发明人： Douglas S. Chan ,  Toby Berger

    IPC分类号： H04L12/413 ,  H04J3/02

    CPC分类号： H04W74/0825 ,  H04L12/413

    摘要： Methods and systems to perform collision detection (CD) in a communication network are disclosed. Methods and systems over multipacket reception (MPR)-capable physical layers are also disclosed. In one embodiment, the method for transmitting information in a network includes the steps of initiating transmission over a communication channel, monitoring a feedback channel, modifying transmission parameters for the transmission over the communication channel (where modifying includes stopping transmission and adjusting transmission parameters), if a feedback transmission is detected while monitoring the feedback channel, a duration of the feedback transmission being smaller than duration of the transmission over the communication channel, and determining whether transmission was successful, if transmission continues after modifying transmission parameters. Other embodiments of methods for transmitting and receiving information, as well as systems that implement the methods, are also disclosed.

    摘要翻译： 公开了在通信网络中执行冲突检测（CD）的方法和系统。 还披露了多层接收（MPR）能力物理层的方法和系统。 在一个实施例中，用于在网络中发送信息的方法包括以下步骤：通过通信信道发起传输，监视反馈信道，修改通过通信信道进行传输的传输参数（其中修改包括停止发送和调整传输参数） 如果在监视反馈信道时检测到反馈传输，则反馈传输的持续时间小于在通信信道上的传输的持续时间，并且如果在修改传输参数之后传输继续，则确定传输是否成功。 还公开了用于发送和接收信息的方法的其他实施例，以及实现该方法的系统。