公开(公告)号：US07279138B2

公开(公告)日：2007-10-09

申请号：US10804896

申请日：2004-03-19

Applicant: Giorgio Pagani ,  Enrico Rizzi ,  Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Giorgio Pagani ,  Enrico Rizzi ,  Umberto Zardi

IPC: B01J8/04

CPC classification number: F28D7/12 ,  B01J8/0085 ,  B01J8/0484 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  B01J2208/00203 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  B01J2208/00814 ,  B01J2208/00884 ,  B01J2219/182 ,  C07C29/152 ,  F28D7/06 ,  F28F2280/02 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  C07C31/04

Abstract: A horizontal chemical reactor comprises at least one catalytic bed (5a-5d) arranged horizontally in the reactor and comprising a lower gas-permeable wall (6) for gas outlet, and a holding element (2) of the at least one catalytic bed.

Abstract translation: 水平化学反应器包括至少一个在反应器中水平布置的催化床（5a-5d），其包括用于气体出口的下部气体可渗透壁（6）和至少一种催化剂的保持元件（2） 床。

公开(公告)号：US5756048A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-26

申请号：US375985

申请日：1995-01-20

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

IPC: B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/04 ,  C07C29/151 ,  C07C29/152

CPC classification number: B01J8/043 ,  B01J8/008 ,  B01J8/0449 ,  B01J8/0453 ,  B01J8/0492 ,  C07C29/1518 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/00884 ,  B01J2219/00024

Abstract: A method for in-situ modernization of a reactor for carrying out heterogeneous exothermic synthesis reactions, in particular of the so-called lozenge type including an external shell (2), calls for prearrangement within the shell (2) of a plurality of superimposed catalyst beds (12, 13, 14) supported at a pre-set distance by means of support elements (22, 23, 24) rested on or fixed to, e.g. by welding, a plurality of annular shoulders (8a, 8b, 8c) pre-existing in the reactor.

Abstract translation: 用于进行异质放热合成反应的反应器的现场现代化方法，特别是包括外壳（2）的所谓的锭剂型的方法，需要在多个叠加催化剂的壳体（2）内进行预先布置 床（12,13,14）通过支撑元件（22,23,24）以预设的距离支撑，搁置在或固定到例如 通过焊接，预先存在于反应器中的多个环形肩部（8a，8b，8c）。

公开(公告)号：US5176800A

公开(公告)日：1993-01-05

申请号：US634410

申请日：1990-12-27

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

IPC: C07C273/04

CPC classification number: C07C273/04 ,  Y02P20/142

Abstract: A process to modernize existing urea plants which use a stripping with carbon dioxide, and to increase urea yields and flexibility under overload conditions while at the same time reducing energy consumption, corrosion phenomena and possible risks of explosive mixtures. The plant includes: a passivation stage with the introduction of an oxidizing agent and reduction of the air fed to the system; a medium pressure distillation stage of the products leaving the stripping section, and a condensation of the products of the distillation, effected in a pre-evaporation phase to concentrate at low pressure the urea solution.The modernized plant, includes at the start at least a reactor, a scrubber, a condenser, a stripper and the evaporators, includes also a passivation section, a medium pressure distillation section, and a distillation section with double-effect technique.

公开(公告)号：US5130098A

公开(公告)日：1992-07-14

申请号：US587527

申请日：1990-09-24

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/152

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0469 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  B01J2208/00814 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: A system for modernizing exothermic heterogeneous reactors used in the synthesis of ammonia, methanol and the like, which include a pressure shell, a wall for forming an airspace, a wall or cartridge for containing a catalyst bed, and catalyst-containing basket. An airspace-forming wall is formed of a single piece substantially the whole axial length of the reactor. A bed forming wall is distinct from, and unconnected to, the airspace forming wall, and it constitutes independent modules, each module containing at least one catalyst bed and each module resting either on an underlying module or on an extension of an inside gas distribution collector. The bed forming walls contain the catalyst and distribute gas therethrough. A portion of the catalyst contacts the airspace-forming wall.

公开(公告)号：US06274767B1

公开(公告)日：2001-08-14

申请号：US07987127

申请日：1992-12-08

Applicant: Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

IPC: C07C27304

CPC classification number: C07C273/04 ,  B01J2219/00024 ,  Y02P20/142 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: Process for the revamping of urea production plants for the synthesis of ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide, with a stripping section with NH3, in which the process carries out with differentiated yields, a majority reaction a) between highly pure reagents and a reaction b) between less pure substantially recycled reagents, according to European Patent No. 91116297.2/0479103. According the invention, the urea solution is now fed upstream the stripping section and a reactor with heat removal is utilized. Advantageous, the production capacity of the existing reactor is reduced, with respect to the projected one, in a quantity of 35% to 5%, preferably from 20% to 10%, in favor of the capacity of the “once-through” reactor.

Abstract translation: 用于合成氨（NH 3）和二氧化碳的尿素生产设备的改造工艺，具有NH 3的汽提部分，其中该方法以不同的产率进行，大多数反应a）高纯试剂和反应b ）在较不纯的基本上再循环的试剂之间，根据欧洲专利号91116297.2 / 0479103。 根据本发明，尿素溶液现在被提供在汽提部分的上游，并且使用具有除热的反应器。 有利的是，现有反应堆的生产能力相对于预计的反应堆减少了35％至5％，优选为20％至10％，有利于“一次通过”反应堆的容量 。

公开(公告)号：US5779988A

公开(公告)日：1998-07-14

申请号：US432466

申请日：1995-02-28

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

IPC: B01J8/02 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C01C1/00

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0214 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: Method for the protection of the internal walls of the shell of Braun type converters, transformed into axial-radial reactors with insertion of a cartridge and a cylindrical perforated wall, characterized by the fact that cooling gas is circulated (FLU) at temperatures between 250.degree. and 300.degree. C. in the airspace (I) between cartridge (C) and (P).

Abstract translation: 保护Braun型转换器壳体内壁的方法，转换成插入筒体和圆柱形穿孔壁的轴向 - 径向反应器，其特征在于冷却气体在250°C的温度下循环（FLU） 在筒（C）和（P）之间的空气空间（I）中为300℃。

公开(公告)号：US5171543A

公开(公告)日：1992-12-15

申请号：US491311

申请日：1990-03-09

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  Y02P20/124 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: Synthesis gas is reacted in several catalytic beds having axial-radial or radial flow. Reacted gas is collected at an outlet of a final catalytic bed and is transferred to a reaction heat recovery system situated at a top of a reactor. The reactor includes three catalytic beds, two or more beds having inverted, curved bottoms. A first quenching system is located in the reactor and includes a distributor situated inside a first, upper bed at a location immediately under an unperforated portion of an internal wall of that bed. A gas/gas heat exchanger is located centrally within one or more of two upper beds located within the reactor. A water pre-heater or boiler is located inside an upper bottleneck portion of a shell of the reactor and is fed with reacted gas collected from a lowermost catalytic bed.

公开(公告)号：US5135722A

公开(公告)日：1992-08-04

申请号：US288484

申请日：1988-12-22

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/152

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  B01J2208/00814 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: A converter for heterogeneous catalytic synthesis under pressure, consisting of an external shell in a single piece and inside this of at least a cartridge containing a catalyst arranged in one or more beds contained in catalyst-carrying baskets. An external wall of these baskets is provided with means that protrude from the closed bottom and are coupled, in order to be supported, with means protruding from the internal continuous face which extends substantially along the entire axial height of the converter and is the nearest to the internal wall of the baskets. An unflanged labyrinth seal is located between two centrally located heat exchangers contained within the converter.For reactions at high pressures, the wall holding the protruding support rings at the bottom of the baskets is a cartridge wall in a single piece that extends substantially along the whole shell and forms with this an airspace.For reactions at low pressures, the support rings of the basket bottoms protrude from the internal surface of the shell. At least one of the catalytic beds supported by the baskets or elementary cartridges is centrally crossed by an indirect heat exchanger.

公开(公告)号：US5882606A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-16

申请号：US739814

申请日：1996-10-30

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani ,  Ermanno Filippi

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani ,  Ermanno Filippi

IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B32B27/04

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C01C1/0452 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  B01J2219/00024 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: In a method of modernizing a heterogeneous exothermic synthesis reactor (1) of the type comprising an external shell (2), in which at least one catalytic bed (15, 16, 17) is supported, the catalytic bed (15, 16, 17) is connected to an external boiler (21), for generating high pressure steam, by means of a reacted gas outlet nozzle (4) and a conduit (29) extending in said nozzle (4) thereby forming an annular airspace (30). Advantageously, the airspace (30) defines an outlet flowpath of the gases cooled in the boiler (21) which avoids overheating of the nozzle (4).

Abstract translation: 在使包含至少一个催化床（15,16,17）的外壳（2）的类型的非均相放热合成反应器（1）的现代化方法中，催化床（15,16,17） ）连接到外部锅炉（21），用于通过反应的气体出口喷嘴（4）和在所述喷嘴（4）中延伸的导管（29）产生高压蒸汽，从而形成环形空间（30）。 有利地，空域（30）限定在锅炉（21）中冷却的气体的出口流动路径，其避免喷嘴（4）的过热。

公开(公告)号：US5276183A

公开(公告)日：1994-01-04

申请号：US824941

申请日：1992-01-24

Applicant: Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

IPC: C07C273/04

CPC classification number: C07C273/04 ,  Y02P20/142 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: Process for the industrial synthesis of urea, in which ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are reacted in at least one reaction space SR at high temperature and pressure and the unreacted materials are treated in a recovery section, said synthesis comprising: a) a reaction between highly pure reagents; and b) a reaction between less pure reagents substantially recycled from said recovery section, characterized by the fact that reaction stage A for high Yield majority synthesis (HEPC), between very pure reagents, operating at a higher pressure (Pmax) for example above 300 kg/cm2 abs and preferably at about 400 kg/cm2 abs, is followed by a flash stage F1 operating at pressures lower by at least 40% than said pressure (Pmax) preferably lower than 200 kg/cm2 abs, the gas effluent GF1 from the above-mentioned flash stage F1 being fed to reaction stage B for minority synthesis of less pure reagents operating at a pressure below 200 kg/cm2 abs, while the liquid effluent EL1 from the abovementioned flash stage, together with effluent EB from stage B of minority reaction operating in parallel with majority reaction stage A, feeds a recovery section RE consisting of two decomposition stages D1 and D2 operating in series: the first D1 being at a pressure lower than 100 kg/cm2 abs preferably at 50 kg/cm2 abs; the second D2 operating at a pressure lower than 50 kg/cm2 abs preferably at 20 kg/cm2 abs.

Abstract translation: 用于工业合成尿素的方法，其中氨（NH 3）和二氧化碳（CO 2）在高温和高压下在至少一个反应空间SR中反应，未反应的物质在回收段中处理，所述合成包括： ）高纯试剂之间的反应; 和b）基本上从所述回收部分再循环的较不纯的试剂之间的反应，其特征在于，在高纯度试剂之间的高收率多数合成（HEPC）的反应级A在较高压力（Pmax）下操作，例如高于300 kg / cm 2 abs，优选约400kg / cm2 abs，然后是闪蒸阶段F1，在低于所述压力（Pmax）至少40％的压力下操作，优选低于200kg / cm 2 abs，气体流出物GF1来自 将上述闪蒸级F1进料到反应级B，用于少量合成在低于200kg / cm2 abs的压力下操作的较不纯的试剂，同时来自上述闪蒸级的液体流出物EL1以及来自B级的流出物EB 少数反应与大多数反应阶段A并行操作，进料由两个分解阶段D1和D2串联运行的回收段RE：第一个D1的压力低于100kg / cm2 abs，优选在 50 kg / cm2 abs; 第二D2在低于50kg / cm2 abs的压力下操作，优选为20kg / cm 2 abs。