公开(公告)号：US11834333B2

公开(公告)日：2023-12-05

申请号：US17236751

申请日：2021-04-21

申请人： L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude

发明人： Michael A. Turney ,  Alain Guillard ,  Joseph T. Stroffolino, IV

IPC分类号： C01B3/02 ,  C01C1/04 ,  F25J1/00

CPC分类号： C01B3/025 ,  C01C1/0423 ,  F25J1/0015 ,  F25J1/0035 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/068 ,  C01B2203/1623 ,  C01B2203/1633 ,  F25J2215/10 ,  F25J2230/30 ,  F25J2240/04

摘要： A method of co-producing liquid hydrogen and ammonia, including a hydrogen generator, a nitrogen generator, and a HLU is presented. The method includes pressurizing a hydrogen stream from the hydrogen generator in a hydrogen compressor, dividing the pressurized hydrogen into at least a first portion and a second portion, wherein the first portion includes at least part of the flow of a first refrigeration cycle in the HLU, and the second part comprises at least part of the feed to an ammonia plant. The method also includes pressurizing a nitrogen stream from the nitrogen generator in a HP nitrogen compressor, dividing the pressurized nitrogen stream into at least a first part and a second part, wherein the first part comprises at least part of the flow of a second refrigeration cycle in the HLU, and the second part comprises at least part of the feed to the ammonia plant.

公开(公告)号：US20090297427A1

公开(公告)日：2009-12-03

申请号：US12128730

申请日：2008-05-29

申请人： Kenneth L. Blanchard

发明人： Kenneth L. Blanchard

IPC分类号： C01C1/04

CPC分类号： C01C1/0417 ,  B01J8/0423 ,  B01J2208/00212 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  C01C1/0411 ,  C01C1/0423 ,  C01C1/0476 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： Systems and methods for producing ammonia. Nitrogen and hydrogen can be supplied to a reaction zone disposed inside an inner shell. The inner shell can be disposed inside an outer shell such that a space is formed therebetween. The reaction zone can include at least one catalyst bed in indirect heat exchange with the space. The nitrogen and hydrogen can be reacted in the reaction zone in the presence of at least one catalyst to form an effluent comprising ammonia. The effluent can be recovered from the inner shell and cooled to provide a cooled effluent stream. A cooling fluid can be provided to the outer shell such that the cooling fluid flows through at least a portion of the space and is in fluid communication with the exterior of the inner shell. At least a portion of the cooled effluent can provide at least a portion of the cooling fluid. The cooling fluid can then be recovered from the outer shell as an ammonia product.

摘要翻译： 用于生产氨的系统和方法。 氮和氢可以供应到设置在内壳内的反应区。 内壳可以设置在外壳的内部，从而在它们之间形成空间。 反应区可以包括与空间间接热交换的至少一个催化剂床。 氮和氢可以在反应区中在至少一种催化剂的存在下反应，形成包含氨的流出物。 流出物可以从内壳回收并冷却以提供冷却的流出物流。 可以向外壳提供冷却流体，使得冷却流体流过空间的至少一部分并与内壳的外部流体连通。 冷却的流出物的至少一部分能够提供冷却流体的至少一部分。 然后冷却流体可以作为氨产物从外壳中回收。

公开(公告)号：US06214296B1

公开(公告)日：2001-04-10

申请号：US09242574

申请日：1999-02-18

申请人： Shoulin Lou ,  Ren Lou

发明人： Shoulin Lou ,  Ren Lou

IPC分类号： C01C104

CPC分类号： C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0214 ,  B01J8/0257 ,  B01J8/0285 ,  B01J2208/00132 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： The present invention discloses a method of catalytic reaction operated near the optimal temperature and an apparatus for its embodiment. The catalyst bed in the apparatus consists of two parts of catalyst located respectively in the cold tube layer and the adiabatic layer. The feed gas in the cold tubes, after having exchanged heat with the reactant gases in the catalyst layer outside of the tubes, are mixed with the feed gas from the heat exchanger. While the mixed gases flow axially, radially or convectively in the catalyst layer, the gases contact successively with the catalyst in the cold tube layer and that in the adiabatic layer, and react with each other.

摘要翻译： 本发明公开了一种在最佳温度附近操作的催化反应方法及其实施方案的装置。 设备中的催化剂床由分别位于冷管层和绝热层中的两部分催化剂组成。 在与管中的催化剂层中的反应气体交换热量之后，冷管中的进料气体与来自热交换器的进料气体混合。 当混合气体在催化剂层中轴向，径向或对流时，气体依次与冷管层中的催化剂和绝热层中的催化剂接触并彼此反应。

公开(公告)号：US5882606A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-16

申请号：US739814

申请日：1996-10-30

申请人： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani ,  Ermanno Filippi

发明人： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani ,  Ermanno Filippi

IPC分类号： B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B32B27/04

CPC分类号： C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C01C1/0452 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  B01J2219/00024 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： In a method of modernizing a heterogeneous exothermic synthesis reactor (1) of the type comprising an external shell (2), in which at least one catalytic bed (15, 16, 17) is supported, the catalytic bed (15, 16, 17) is connected to an external boiler (21), for generating high pressure steam, by means of a reacted gas outlet nozzle (4) and a conduit (29) extending in said nozzle (4) thereby forming an annular airspace (30). Advantageously, the airspace (30) defines an outlet flowpath of the gases cooled in the boiler (21) which avoids overheating of the nozzle (4).

摘要翻译： 在使包含至少一个催化床（15,16,17）的外壳（2）的类型的非均相放热合成反应器（1）的现代化方法中，催化床（15,16,17） ）连接到外部锅炉（21），用于通过反应的气体出口喷嘴（4）和在所述喷嘴（4）中延伸的导管（29）产生高压蒸汽，从而形成环形空间（30）。 有利地，空域（30）限定在锅炉（21）中冷却的气体的出口流动路径，其避免喷嘴（4）的过热。

公开(公告)号：US4971771A

公开(公告)日：1990-11-20

申请号：US195866

申请日：1988-05-19

申请人： Henrik O. Stahl

发明人： Henrik O. Stahl

IPC分类号： B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/02 ,  C01C1/04

CPC分类号： C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0214 ,  B01J8/0278 ,  C01C1/0417 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y10S55/30

摘要： A modular manifold arrangement for distributing a flow of a gas in a reactor. The manifold arrangement includes a tank or a container, within the walls of which a bed for a granulated catalyst or substance, with which the gas is to react, is arranged. The bed is at least partially surrounded by gas-permeable gratings. In order to provide elements that may pass through a narrow manhole and from which it is possible to construct passages for providing a uniform flow through the reactor bed, the manifold arrangement includes an elongate tube. The tube is closed at one end and open for inlet of gas at the other end. The tube further has a gas-impermeable rear sidewall with a shape corresponding to the walls of the tank and a front side which is a gas-permeable grating having a sheet or plate provided therein with a large number of nozzles.

摘要翻译： 用于在反应器中分配气流的模块化歧管装置。 歧管装置包括罐或容器，在其壁内布置有用于使气体反应的颗粒状催化剂或物质的床。 床至少部分地被气体可渗透的格栅包围。 为了提供可以穿过狭窄的人孔的元件，并且可以从中构造用于提供通过反应器床的均匀流动的通道，歧管装置包括细长管。 管在一端封闭，另一端开口用于气体入口。 该管还具有气体不可渗透的后侧壁，其具有对应于罐的壁的形状和前侧，其是透气性格栅，其具有设置有多个喷嘴的片或板。

公开(公告)号：US4952375A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-28

申请号：US210868

申请日：1988-06-24

申请人： Umberto Zardi

发明人： Umberto Zardi

IPC分类号： B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/152

CPC分类号： C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0434 ,  B01J8/0453 ,  B01J8/0469 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y10T29/49826

摘要： The energy consumption of conventional reactors for heterogeneous synthesis, e.g., ammonia synthesis and methanol synthesis, wherein the synthesis gas flows substantially axially through catalyst beds, is substantially reduced by inserting in at least one catalyst bed: two concentric cylindrical substantially perforated walls to laterally delimit the bed; a bottom closure between these walls; and optionally a diaphragm on top of the bed. Optionally also, a catalyst granulometry gradient may be employed in the upper part of the bed. An upper minor portion of at least one of the cylindrical walls may be unperforated. The synthesis gas now traverses the bed substantially radially.

公开(公告)号：US4755362A

公开(公告)日：1988-07-05

申请号：US859044

申请日：1986-05-02

申请人： Umberto Zardi

发明人： Umberto Zardi

IPC分类号： B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/152 ,  A01C1/00

CPC分类号： C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0434 ,  B01J8/0453 ,  B01J8/0469 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y10T29/49826

摘要： The energy consumption of conventional reactors for heterogeneous synthesis, e.g., ammonia synthesis and methanol synthesis, wherein the synthesis gas flows substantially axially through catalyst beds, is substantially reduced by inserting in at least one catalyst bed: two concentric cylindrical substantially perforated walls to laterally delimit the bed; a bottom closure between these walls; and optionally a diaphragm on top of the bed. Optionally also, a catalyst granulometry gradient may be employed in the upper part of the bed. An upper minor portion of at least one of the cylindrical walls may be unperforated. The synthesis gas now traverses the bed substantially radially.

摘要翻译： 用于异质合成的常规反应器的能量消耗，例如氨合成和甲醇合成，其中合成气基本上轴向流过催化剂床，通过将至少一个催化剂床插入两个同心圆柱形的基本上穿孔的壁来大幅度地减少，以横向界定 床; 这些墙之间的底部封闭; 以及可选地在床的顶部上的隔膜。 也可以在床的上部使用催化剂粒度梯度。 至少一个圆柱形壁的上部小部分可以是未穿孔的。 合成气体现在大致径向地穿过床。

公开(公告)号：US4735780A

公开(公告)日：1988-04-05

申请号：US77959

申请日：1987-07-27

申请人： Stephen A. Noe

发明人： Stephen A. Noe

IPC分类号： B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04

CPC分类号： C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/04 ,  B01J8/0469 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： A vertical, cold wall, three bed ammonia converter having upper and lower shell and tube heat exchangers wherein the lower heat exchanger is disposed axially within the upper, annular catalyst bed and preheated synthesis gas from the heat exchangers is initially converted in the middle catalyst bed which is penetrated by first, second, and third coaxial pipes. Partially converted gas from the middle catalyst bed flows upwardly through the annulus formed by the second and third axial pipes through the hot side of the lower exchanger and is then divided for parallel flow through the upper catalyst bed and, by way of the annulus formed by the first and second axial pipes, the lower catalyst bed. Converted gas from the upper and lower catalyst beds is then combined and introduced to the hot side of the upper feed/effluent exchanger.

摘要翻译： 具有上，下壳管式热交换器的立式，冷壁，三床氨转化器，其中下热交换器轴向设置在上环形催化剂床内，并且来自热交换器的预热的合成气最初在中催化剂床 其被第一，第二和第三同轴管道穿透。 来自中间催化剂床的部分转化气体向上流过由第二和第三轴向管通过下交换器的热侧形成的环，然后被分开以平行流过上催化剂床，并且通过由 第一和第二轴向管，下催化剂床。 然后将来自上部和下部催化剂床的转化气体合并并引入上部进料/流出物交换器的热侧。

公开(公告)号：US4405562A

公开(公告)日：1983-09-20

申请号：US318568

申请日：1981-11-05

申请人： Umberto Zardi ,  Ettore Comandini

发明人： Umberto Zardi ,  Ettore Comandini

IPC分类号： B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C08F2/00 ,  C08F4/00

CPC分类号： C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0005 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0469 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： In a reactor comprising an outer shell and an internal cartridge preferably obtained by assembling a number of stackable modular cartridges, each comprising from the outside to the inside at least one solid wall forming an air space with the shell inside wall, a continuous bottom to the solid wall, a first wall perforated for the whole of its length, a second internal wall only partially perforated, and a catalytic bed inserted between the said bottom and said walls totally respectively partially perforated, at least one heat exchanger is arranged centrally and axially in a catalytic bed; the feed gas which has cooled the external wall of the shell collects in a duct in the middle of the exchanger along which it runs in one way (for example, from top to bottom) running successively along the exchanger in the other way inside the exchanger tubes emerging preheated in the free zone over the top layer of the catalytic bed where it is mixed with fresh gas fed directly from the outside of said zone. This mixture of preheated gas and fresh gas passes through the catalytic bed first axially and then radially, collects in the centre, touches the outside of the heat exchanger tubes and from the bottom of the exchanger is sent directly to the next catalytic bed.

摘要翻译： 在包括外壳和内部盒的反应器中，其优选地通过组装多个可堆叠的模块化盒而获得，每个包括从外部到内部的至少一个固体壁，其形成具有壳体内壁的空气空间，连续的底部到 固体壁，整个长度穿孔的第一壁，仅部分穿孔的第二内壁和全部分别部分地穿过所述底部和所述壁之间的催化床，至少一个热交换器中心并且轴向地布置在 催化床; 已经冷却壳体外壁的进料气体在交换器的中间的管道中收集，沿着交换器中部的管道沿着交换器沿着交换器以一种方式（例如，从上到下）沿另一方向在交换器内连续运行 在自由区中预热的管在催化床的顶层上与其直接从所述区的外部进料的新鲜气体混合。 这种预热气体和新鲜气体的混合物首先轴向通过催化床，然后径向收集在中心，与热交换器管的外部接触，并将交换器的底部直接送到下一个催化床。

公开(公告)号：US4180543A

公开(公告)日：1979-12-25

申请号：US891385

申请日：1978-03-29

申请人： Stanley A. Ward

发明人： Stanley A. Ward

IPC分类号： C07C29/15 ,  B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/00 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C27/00 ,  C07C29/152 ,  C07C29/153 ,  C07C29/154 ,  C07C31/04 ,  C07C67/00 ,  B01J1/14 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J7/00

CPC分类号： C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0005 ,  B01J8/0469 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  B01J2208/00221 ,  B01J2208/00309 ,  B01J2208/021 ,  Y02P20/52

摘要： In a reactor suitable for gas-phase catalytic exothermic synthesis, in particular of ammonia or methanol the synthesis gas is reacted in an upstream adiabatic catalytic zone, is cooled in a heat exchanger and then reacted further in a downstream catalytic zone, whereafter preferably it is cooled again, suitably in a boiler or feed water heater, and reacted further in a further catalytic zone. The gas flow through the catalyst is mainly in an axial direction and the pressure drop is kept low by disposing the catalyst in each zone in a plurality of beds fed in parallel from an inlet header and delivered in parallel into an outlet header. The beds may be separately removable from the reactor to facilitate catalyst charging and discharging.

摘要翻译： 在适用于气相催化放热合成反应器的反应器中，特别是氨或甲醇，合成气在上游绝热催化区域中反应，在热交换器中冷却，然后在下游催化区进一步反应， 适当地在锅炉或给水加热器中再次冷却，并在进一步的催化区进一步反应。 通过催化剂的气体流动主要在轴向方向，并且通过将催化剂设置在从入口集管平行供给的多个床中的每个区域中而将压降保持为低压力，并排输送到出口集管中。 床可以从反应器中分离地移除，以促进催化剂的充放电。