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公开(公告)号：USRE39102E1
公开(公告)日：2006-05-23
申请号：US09640794
申请日：2000-08-18
CPC分类号： G01B11/002 , A61B90/36 , G01S1/70 , G01S5/16
摘要： Improved point source electromagnetic radiation emitters including a dispersing element that radiates electromagnetic radiation over a vary wide conical angle of approaching about 180°. This light dispersing element can be in any one or more of several illustrated forms such as a light diffusing spherical or hemispherical element, a planar diffusing plate, a tapered light guide, a piano-concave lens, a convex mirror, a light pipe with a large numerical aperture, or the like. The emitter of this invention may be fixed to an object and tracked in a 3-dimensional volume by a system using electro-optical position sensors in order to determine the spatial location of the emitters and therefore to determine, by geometry, the position or orientation of the object. The electromagnetic radiation generator is preferably disposed remote from the emitter and is electrically and magnetically isolated from the emitter. A common optical fiber provides transmission of the radiation from the generator to the emitter. The emitted radiation more nearly resembles point source of radiation and therefore enables more accurate determination of the location of the radiating element, and thereby more accurate determination of the position and orientation of the object on which the emitters reside. The preferred electromagnetic radiation generator is an LED, most preferably a laser diode.
摘要翻译： 改进的点源电磁辐射发射器包括分散元件，其在接近约180°的变化的宽锥角上辐射电磁辐射。 该光分散元件可以是几种所示形式的任何一种或多种，例如光漫射球形或半球形元件，平面扩散板，锥形光导，钢琴凹透镜，凸面镜，具有 大数值孔径等。 本发明的发射器可以通过使用电光位置传感器的系统固定在物体上并以三维体积跟踪，以便确定发射器的空间位置，并且因此通过几何形状确定位置或取向 的对象。 电磁辐射发生器优选地远离发射器设置并且与发射极电气和磁性隔离。 普通光纤提供从发生器到发射器的辐射传输。 发射的辐射更接近于类似于辐射源点，因此能够更准确地确定辐射元件的位置，从而更准确地确定放射器所在的物体的位置和方向。 优选的电磁辐射发生器是LED，最优选的是激光二极管。
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公开(公告)号：US5907395A
公开(公告)日：1999-05-25
申请号：US870296
申请日：1997-06-06
CPC分类号： G01B11/002 , A61B90/36 , G01S1/70 , G01S5/16
摘要： Improved point source electromagnetic radiation emitters including a dispersing element that radiates electromagnetic radiation over a very wide conical angle of approaching about 180.degree.. This light dispersing element can be in any one or more of several illustrated forms such as a light diffusing spherical or hemispherical element, a planar diffusing plate, a tapered light guide, a plano-concave lens, a convex mirror, a light pipe with a large numerical aperture, or the like. The emitter of this invention may be fixed to an object and tracked in a 3-dimensional volume by a system using electro-optical position sensors in order to determine the spatial location of the emitters and therefore to determine, by geometry, the position and orientation of the object. The electromagnetic radiation generator is preferably disposed remote from the emitter and is electrically and magnetically isolated from the emitter. A common optical fiber provides transmission of the radiation from the generator to the emitter. The emitted radiation more nearly resembles point source of radiation and therefore enables more accurate determination of the location of the radiating element, and thereby more accurate determination of the position and orientation of the object on which the emitters reside. The preferred electromagnetic radiation generator is an LED, most preferably a laser diode.
摘要翻译： 改进的点源电磁辐射发射器包括在约180°的非常宽的圆锥角上辐射电磁辐射的分散元件。 该光分散元件可以是几种所示形式中的任何一种或多种，例如光漫射球形或半球形元件，平面扩散板，锥形光导，平凹透镜，凸面镜，具有 大数值孔径等。 本发明的发射器可以通过使用电光位置传感器的系统固定在物体上并以三维体积跟踪，以便确定发射器的空间位置，因此通过几何形状来确定位置和取向 的对象。 电磁辐射发生器优选地远离发射器设置并且与发射极电气和磁性隔离。 普通光纤提供从发生器到发射器的辐射传输。 发射的辐射更接近于类似于辐射源点，因此能够更准确地确定辐射元件的位置，从而更准确地确定放射器所在的物体的位置和方向。 优选的电磁辐射发生器是LED，最优选的是激光二极管。
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3.发明授权Wireless optical instrument for position measurement and method of use therefor 有权用于位置测量的无线光学仪器及其使用方法公开(公告)号：US06608688B1
公开(公告)日：2003-08-19
申请号：US09647365
申请日：2001-05-16
IPC分类号： G01B1114
CPC分类号： G06F3/0325 , A61B34/20 , A61B2034/2051 , A61B2034/2055 , G06F3/0346 , G06F3/03545
摘要： Disclosed is a wireless instrument tracking system. The wireless instrument tracking system is used for determining the location of at least one point relative to the instrument in a three-dimensional space relative to a three-dimensional coordinate tracking system. Advantageously, a first wireless instrument can be placed into the optical field with the wireless instrument including a wireless receiver and at least one optical position indicator. The optical position indicator is typically light emitting diodes (18) and communicates with corresponding measurement sensors (30) across a wireless optical link. The wireless optical link is time multiplexed with repetitive time frames divided into time slots. Each LED (18) emits an infrared signal or flashes in a respective time slot of a time frame. The measurement sensors (30) are preferably CCD cameras. The LEDs (18) are synchronized with the cameras and once synchronized each LED (18) flashes in a different time slot in synchronization with the camera frame rate.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种无线仪器跟踪系统。 无线仪器跟踪系统用于相对于三维坐标跟踪系统确定相对于仪器的至少一个点在三维空间中的位置。 有利地，第一无线仪器可以放置在光场中，无线仪器包括无线接收器和至少一个光学位置指示器。 光学位置指示器通常是发光二极管（18），并且通过无线光学链路与对应的测量传感器（30）通信。 无线光链路与被划分成时隙的重复时间帧进行时间复用。 每个LED（18）发射红外信号或在时间帧的相应时隙中闪烁。 测量传感器（30）优选为CCD照相机。 LED（18）与相机同步，并且一旦同步，每个LED（18）与相机帧速率同步地在不同的时隙中闪烁。
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公开(公告)号：US5617857A
公开(公告)日：1997-04-08
申请号：US471279
申请日：1995-06-06
CPC分类号： A61B5/06 , A61B34/20 , A61B90/10 , A61B90/98 , A61B2017/0046 , A61B2017/00464 , A61B2017/00482 , A61B2017/00725 , A61B2034/2055 , A61B2034/2072 , A61B2090/363 , A61B2090/3945 , A61B2562/08 , Y10S128/903
摘要： The invention provides an improved imaging system and method. The imaging system is of the type having a medical instrument including a source for emitting detectable energy and an instrument body having a work portion. The imaging system further includes detector for detecting the energy and a processor for determining the location of the medical instrument based on the detected energy. Such an imaging system is improved by providing a storage device on or in the medical instrument for storing initialization information, such as the location of the energy-emitting means relative to the instrument body. A transfer device is provided for transferring the initialization information from the storage device to the processor upon connection of the medical instrument to the processor. In this manner, the processor may then configure itself according to the attached instrument so that the system may track the location of the instrument body in three-dimensional space upon detection of the emitted energy.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种改进的成像系统和方法。 该成像系统具有包括用于发射可检测能量的源的医疗器械和具有工作部分的器械主体的类型。 成像系统还包括用于检测能量的检测器和用于基于检测到的能量来确定医疗器械的位置的处理器。 通过在医疗器械上或其中提供存储装置来存储初始化信息（诸如能量发射装置相对于仪器主体的位置）来改进这种成像系统。 提供传送设备，用于在将医疗仪器连接到处理器时将初始化信息从存储设备传送到处理器。 以这种方式，处理器然后可以根据所附接的仪器来配置自身，使得系统可以在检测到发射的能量时跟踪仪器主体在三维空间中的位置。
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公开(公告)号：US06611141B1
公开(公告)日：2003-08-26
申请号：US09868948
申请日：2001-09-17
申请人： Waldean A. Schulz , Ivan Faul
发明人： Waldean A. Schulz , Ivan Faul
IPC分类号： G01B1114
CPC分类号： G01C21/165 , A61B34/20 , A61B2034/107 , A61B2034/2048 , A61B2034/2051 , A61B2034/2055 , A61B2090/0818 , A61B2090/3995 , G01S5/021 , G01S5/0263 , G01S5/16 , G01S5/163
摘要： This invention is a system that tracks the 3-dimensional position and orientation of one or more bodies (20) in a volume by a light based as well as at least one non-light based mensuration sub-system. This overcomes the limitation of light based mensuration systems to the necessity of the bodies (20) to be in constant line-of-sight of its light based position sensors (26). The invention possesses most of the accuracy and stability of its light based position measurement sub-system (24, 26, 72), but can also work without direct line of sight either for short periods of time or within certain parts of the volume. It does so by incorporating other sensors (31, 34), such as inertial or magnetic, which are frequently recalibrated against the light based sub-system (24, 26, 72) while the bodies (20) are visible by the light based sub-system (24, 26, 72).
摘要翻译： 本发明是一种通过基于光的以及至少一个基于非基于光的测量子系统跟踪体积中的一个或多个主体（20）的三维位置和取向的系统。 这克服了基于光的测量系统的限制，使得物体（20）在其基于光的位置传感器（26）处于恒定视距的必要性。 本发明具有其基于光的位置测量子系统（24,26,72）的大部分精度和稳定性，但是也可以在短时间内或在体积的某些部分内没有直接视线的情况下工作。 它通过结合诸如惯性或磁性的其它传感器（31,34）来实现，所述传感器经常被重新校准抵靠基于光的子系统（24,26,72），而主体（20）由基于光的子视觉可见 系统（24,26,72）。
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公开(公告)号：US6094007A
公开(公告)日：2000-07-25
申请号：US118271
申请日：1998-07-17
申请人： Ivan Faul , Russell Dahl , Ronald M. Pasquini
发明人： Ivan Faul , Russell Dahl , Ronald M. Pasquini
CPC分类号： A61B90/36 , A61B90/39 , A61B2090/3975 , H01L2924/0002 , H01L33/483
摘要： An assembly adapted to emit electromagnetic radiation made up of an emitter of electromagnetic radiation; a non-reflective ceramic support for the emitter; a substantially transparent crown mounted on the support to define and enclose a space that houses the emitter; and leads attached to the emitter through the support. The combination of the non-reflective support and the transparent crown, and the location of the emitter in the enclosed space enables the emitter to emit electromagnetic radiation in a conical radiation pattern. The radiation pattern appears to have a centroid. This centroid appears to be in a more constant spatial position regardless of the viewing angle as compared with the apparent position of this centroid with other assemblies.
摘要翻译： 适于发射由电磁辐射发射器组成的电磁辐射的组件; 用于发射器的非反射陶瓷支架; 安装在支撑件上的基本上透明的表冠，以限定和封闭容纳发射器的空间; 并且通过支撑件连接到发射器的引线。 非反射支撑和透明表冠的组合以及发射器在封闭空间中的位置使得发射体能够以锥形辐射图形发射电磁辐射。 辐射图似乎具有质心。 与其他组件的该质心的表观位置相比，该质心似乎处于更恒定的空间位置，而与视角无关。
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公开(公告)号：US20090122008A1
公开(公告)日：2009-05-14
申请号：US11939654
申请日：2007-11-14
申请人： Juris George Melkis , Ivan Faul , Dennis Toms
发明人： Juris George Melkis , Ivan Faul , Dennis Toms
IPC分类号： G06F3/033
CPC分类号： G06F3/0325 , G06F3/03543
摘要： A probe for use in a coordinate digitizing system includes an indicator, such as a pointing tip or crosshairs, and a marker, the location of which can be determined by a marker tracking system relative to a coordinate system. The probe is configured to effectively place the marker's virtual image—as seen by the tracker—at the same location as the indicator without blocking a user's view of the indicator.
摘要翻译： 用于坐标数字化系统的探针包括诸如指尖或十字准线的指示器和标记，其位置可以由标记跟踪系统相对于坐标系确定。 探针被配置为有效地将跟踪器所看到的标记的虚拟图像放置在与指示器相同的位置处，而不阻止用户对指示器的视图。
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公开(公告)号：US20110152677A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-23
申请号：US12818850
申请日：2010-06-18
申请人： Ivan Faul
发明人： Ivan Faul
IPC分类号： A61B5/05
CPC分类号： A61B5/1127 , A61B5/1114 , A61B2562/227
摘要： During preprogrammed medical treatment and remote controlled surgery tracking the movements of the body being treated and integrating those tracked movements with the preprogrammed/remote controlled treatment to arrive at an integrated modified treatment track and following that modified track during the treatment. The treating instrument may be a solid scalpel or high-energy radiation, such as X-rays, ultra sound, laser beams or the like.
摘要翻译： 在预编程的医疗和远程控制手术过程中跟踪正在治疗的身体的运动，并将那些跟踪的运动与预编程/远程控制治疗结合起来，以获得整合的修改治疗轨迹，并在治疗期间跟随修改轨迹。 处理器械可以是固体手术刀或高能量辐射，例如X射线，超声波，激光束等。
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9.发明授权Methods and systems for realizing reduced complexity in three-dimensional digitizer systems 有权实现三维数字化仪系统复杂度降低的方法和系统公开(公告)号：US08638450B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-28
申请号：US13197599
申请日：2011-08-03
申请人： Ivan Faul , Dennis Toms
发明人： Ivan Faul , Dennis Toms
IPC分类号： G01B11/14
CPC分类号： G06F3/0325 , A61B2034/2055 , G01S5/163 , H04N5/2354
摘要： A simplified system and method for synchronizing a three dimensional digitizers is disclosed. Various three dimensional digitizers utilize detected light sequences received from a probe as a synchronization signal negating the need for complex synchronization circuitry and communication signals. One embodiment utilizes no transmitted synchronization signal, but relies on embedded, high-stability clocks to maintain synchronization after initial one-time synchronization of the clocks. In this manner the design of the three dimensional digitizer may be simplified.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于同步三维数字化仪的简化系统和方法。 各种三维数字化仪利用从探头接收的检测光序列作为否定对复杂同步电路和通信信号的需要的同步信号。 一个实施例利用没有发送的同步信号，但是依赖于嵌入的高稳定性时钟来在时钟的初始一次同步之后保持同步。 以这种方式，可以简化三维数字化仪的设计。
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公开(公告)号：US08294082B2
公开(公告)日：2012-10-23
申请号：US11939654
申请日：2007-11-14
申请人： Juris George Melkis , Ivan Faul , Dennis Toms
发明人： Juris George Melkis , Ivan Faul , Dennis Toms
IPC分类号： G02B6/06
CPC分类号： G06F3/0325 , G06F3/03543
摘要： A probe for use in a coordinate digitizing system includes an indicator, such as a pointing tip or crosshairs, and a marker, the location of which can be determined by a marker tracking system relative to a coordinate system. The probe is configured to effectively place the marker's virtual image—as seen by the tracker—at the same location as the indicator without blocking a user's view of the indicator.
摘要翻译： 用于坐标数字化系统的探针包括诸如指尖或十字准线的指示器和标记，其位置可以由标记跟踪系统相对于坐标系确定。 探针被配置为有效地将跟踪器所看到的标记的虚拟图像放置在与指示器相同的位置处，而不阻止用户对指示器的视图。
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