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公开(公告)号：US07775242B2
公开(公告)日：2010-08-17
申请号：US12202788
申请日：2008-09-02
IPC分类号： F15D1/02
CPC分类号： F16K7/12 , Y10T137/7788
摘要： An annular elastomer is provided in a housing orifice that does not require a large force for deformation. This makes possible a solenoid-type actuator that provides a large displacement of the elastomer, thus allowing higher and lower rates of gas flow through a gas line.
摘要翻译： 环形弹性体设置在不需要大的变形力的壳体孔中。 这使得能够提供弹性体的大排量的螺线管型致动器，从而允许气体流过气体管线的更高和更低的速率。
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公开(公告)号：US06690567B1
公开(公告)日：2004-02-10
申请号：US10255562
申请日：2002-09-26
IPC分类号： H01G208
CPC分类号： H01G4/30 , H01G4/1218 , H01G4/255 , H01G4/258 , Y10T29/435
摘要： A capacitive energy storage device is provided with specialized dielectric materials. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a multilayer structure capacitive energy storage device is provided with a plurality of electrode layers and a plurality of dielectric layers. Respective ones of the dielectric layers are interposed between a selected pair of the plurality of electrode layers. The dielectric layers include a combination of materials as follows PbMgxNbyOz+SrTiO3.
摘要翻译： 电容式储能装置设有专门的电介质材料。 根据本发明的一个实施例，多层结构的电容式储能装置具有多个电极层和多个电介质层。 电介质层中的各个插入在选定的一对多个电极层之间。 电介质层包括以下材料的组合
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公开(公告)号：US4515534A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-07
申请号：US431447
申请日：1982-09-30
CPC分类号： F04B35/00 , Y10S505/888 , Y10S505/91
摘要： A miniature apparatus for compressing gases is disclosed in which an elastomer disposed between two opposing electrostrictive or piezoelectric ceramic blocks, or between a single electrostrictive or piezoelectric ceramic block and a rigid surface, is caused to extrude into or recede from a channel defined adjacent to the elastomer in response to application or removal of an electric field from the blocks. Individual cells of blocks and elastomer are connected to effect a gas compression by peristaltic activation of the individual cells. The apparatus is self-valving in that the first and last cells operate as inlet and outlet valves, respectively. Preferred electrostrictive and piezoelectric ceramic materials are disclosed, and an alternative, non-peristaltic embodiment of the apparatus is described.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于压缩气体的微型装置，其中设置在两个相对的电致伸缩或压电陶瓷块之间，或者在单个电致伸缩或压电陶瓷块和刚性表面之间的弹性体被拉伸到或相邻于 弹性体响应于来自块的电场的应用或去除。 连接块和弹性体的单个细胞以通过各个细胞的蠕动激活来实现气体压缩。 该装置是自阀门，因为第一和最后一个电池分别作为入口和出口阀操作。 公开了优选的电致伸缩和压电陶瓷材料，并描述了该设备的替代的非蠕动性实施例。
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公开(公告)号：US4356235A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-26
申请号：US289555
申请日：1981-08-03
申请人： William N. Lawless
发明人： William N. Lawless
CPC分类号： F25B9/14 , F25D3/00 , H01B3/12 , F25B2309/003 , F25D2303/085 , Y10S505/813 , Y10S505/821 , Y10T428/294 , Y10T428/2958
摘要： Certain thallous and cesium halides, either used alone or in combination with other ceramic materials, are provided in cryogenic applications such as heat exchange material for the regenerator section of a closed-cycle cryogenic refrigeration section, as stabilizing coatings for superconducting wires, and as dielectric insulating materials. The thallous and cesium halides possess unusually large specific heats at low temperatures, have large thermal conductivities, are nonmagnetic, and are nonconductors of electricity. They can be formed into a variety of shapes such as spheres, bars, rods, or the like and can be coated or extruded onto substrates or wires.
摘要翻译： 单独使用或与其他陶瓷材料组合使用的某些铊和铯卤化物可在低温应用中提供，例如用于封闭循环低温制冷部分的再生器部分的热交换材料，作为超导线的稳定涂层和电介质 绝缘材料。 铊和铯卤化物在低温下具有非常大的比热，具有很大的导热性，非磁性，并且是非电导体。 它们可以形成各种形状，例如球体，杆，杆等，并且可以被涂覆或挤压到基底或线上。
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公开(公告)号：US06877325B1
公开(公告)日：2005-04-12
申请号：US10453450
申请日：2003-06-03
申请人： William N. Lawless
发明人： William N. Lawless
CPC分类号： F25B21/00 , F25B9/14 , F25B25/00 , F25B2309/003 , F25B2321/001 , Y02B30/66
摘要： Thermal transfer devices according to the present invention comprise electrocaloric materials that increase in temperature upon application of an applied voltage thereto and decrease in temperature upon removal of the applied voltage. In specific embodiments of the present invention, the electrocaloric materials, described in further detail below, are configured such that the respective increases and decreases in temperature of the electrocaloric material extend from about −10° C. to about 50° C. As a result, thermal transfer devices according to the present invention are suitable for use in a wide variety of practical refrigeration applications. In accordance with 37 CFR 1.72(b), the purpose of this abstract is to enable the United States Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and gist of the technical disclosure. The abstract will not be used for interpreting the scope of the claims.
摘要翻译： 根据本发明的热转移装置包括电加热材料，其在施加施加的电压时增加温度并且在去除施加的电压时降低温度。 在本发明的具体实施方案中，下面进一步详细描述的电热材料被配置为使得电热材料的相应升高和降低的温度从约-10℃延伸至约50℃。因此 ，根据本发明的热转印装置适用于各种各样的实际制冷应用。 根据37 CFR 1.72（b），本摘要的目的是使美国专利商标局和公众一般能够从粗略检查中快速确定技术披露的性质和要点。 摘要不会用于解释权利要求的范围。
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公开(公告)号：US06824661B2
公开(公告)日：2004-11-30
申请号：US10010231
申请日：2001-12-07
申请人： William N. Lawless
发明人： William N. Lawless
IPC分类号： G01N27407
CPC分类号： G01N27/4071
摘要： A combined oxygen and NOx sensor is provided. Generally, the combined sensor employs a sensor body that includes two different types of electrodes—oxygen-porous electrode layers and dissociative oxygen-porous electrode layers. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the sensor comprises a sensor body, an oxygen content electrical signal output, and a NOx content electrical signal output. The sensor body is disposed in the gas and comprises a plurality of oxygen-porous electrode layers and a plurality of dissociative oxygen-porous electrode layers. The dissociative oxygen-porous electrode layers comprise a material selected to catalyze dissociation of NOx into nitrogen and oxygen.
摘要翻译： 提供了一个组合的氧气和NOx传感器。 通常，组合传感器采用包括两种不同类型的电极 - 氧气孔电极层和解离氧 - 多孔电极层的传感器体。 根据本发明的一个实施例，传感器包括传感器体，氧含量电信号输出和NOx含量电信号输出。 传感器体设置在气体中，并且包括多个氧气孔电极层和多个解离氧孔电极层。 解离氧孔电极层包括选择用于催化将NO x分解成氮和氧的材料。
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公开(公告)号：US5246729A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-21
申请号：US171502
申请日：1988-03-10
CPC分类号： H01B3/12 , C03C14/004 , H01B3/081 , H01B3/087 , H01L39/2409 , C03C2214/04 , C03C2214/30
摘要： The composite insulation coating consists of a mixture of glass and ceramic oxide(s), coated onto a wire by conventional wire enameling techniques followed by heat treatment at 600.degree.-850.degree. C. The enamel when initially applied, the "green" coat slurry, consists of four components: (1) the glass, (2) an inorganic filler (ceramic oxide powder, (3) an organic binder and (4) an organic solvent. The glasses can be selected from several commercial glasses (Corning 7570 and 7050) as well as Westinghouse glasses A-508, M 3072 and M 3073. None of these glasses contain lead or boron, allowing for nuclear applications. Suitable ceramic fillers are alumina, and the CeramPhysics, Inc. ceramics SC1C and SC1A. Organic binder materials and solvents are used. It is preferable that a copper wire to be coated with Ni, Inconel or Cr prior to coating with the subject insulation. For superconductors, the brittle nature of Nb.sub.3 Sn wire and the high reaction temperature (.about.700.degree. C.) required to form it preclude the use of standard organic insulation systems. The inorganic insulation with SC1C and SC1A ceramics, characterized by unusually high specific heats and thermal conductivities at cryogenic temperatures, offers the opportunity of providing increased enthalpy stabilization in a superconducting winding. The glass and ceramic is chosen so that the vitrification temperature of the composite coincides with the reaction temperature of 600.degree.-800 .degree. C. The most successful glasses meeting this criterion are A-508 and M3072.
摘要翻译： 复合绝缘涂层由玻璃和陶瓷氧化物的混合物组成，通过常规的丝线搪瓷技术涂覆在电线上，然后在600-850℃下进行热处理。最初施加的釉质，“绿色”涂层浆料 ，由四个组成部分组成：（1）玻璃，（2）无机填料（陶瓷氧化物粉末，（3）有机粘合剂和（4）有机溶剂，玻璃可以选自几种商业玻璃（Corning 7570和 7050）以及西屋眼镜A-508，M 3072和M 3073.这些玻璃都不含铅或硼，允许进行核应用。合适的陶瓷填料是氧化铝，CeramPhysics，Inc.陶瓷SC1C和SC1A。有机粘合剂 使用材料和溶剂，优选在被涂物之前用Ni，Inconel或Cr涂层的铜线，对于超导体，Nb3Sn线的脆性和高反应温度（DIFFERENCE 700℃） ） 被要求 形成它排除使用标准有机保温系统。 具有SC1C和SC1A陶瓷的无机绝缘，其特征在于在低温下具有非常高的比热和热导率，提供了在超导绕组中提供增加的焓稳定性的机会。 选择玻璃和陶瓷，使得复合材料的玻璃化温度与600℃-800℃的反应温度一致。符合该标准的最成功的玻璃是A-508和M3072。
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公开(公告)号：US5222713A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-29
申请号：US823139
申请日：1992-01-21
CPC分类号： F16K31/02 , F16K31/007
摘要： A solid state apparatus for regulating the flow of fluids in general, and natural gas, in particular, is provided. The solid state apparatus includes an actuator made of electrostrictive, magnetostrictive or piezoelectric material. The actuator displaces upon application of an electric field to vary the compression on an elastomer having an orifice, thereby varying the amount of elastomeric material extruded into the orifice. Fluid flow through the regulator is thereby controlled. A system for regulating the flow of gas integrates the regulator with a sensor to detect a gas characteristic, such as gas partial pressure, and send control signals to control the operation of the regulator. The solid-state gas regulator is capable of low cost production and operation and suitable for electronic feedback control.
摘要翻译： 一般地，用于调节流体流动的固态装置，特别是天然气。 固态装置包括由电致伸缩，磁致伸缩或压电材料制成的致动器。 致动器在施加电场时移位以改变具有孔口的弹性体上的压缩，从而改变挤出到孔中的弹性体材料的量。 从而控制流经调节器的流体。 用于调节气体流量的系统将调节器与传感器集成，以检测诸如气体分压的气体特性，并发送控制信号以控制调节器的操作。 固态气体调节器能够低成本生产和操作，适用于电子反馈控制。
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公开(公告)号：US4684207A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-04
申请号：US729034
申请日：1985-04-30
申请人： William N. Lawless
发明人： William N. Lawless
IPC分类号： C04B35/468 , C04B35/497 , G02F1/00 , H01G7/06 , G02B6/10
CPC分类号： H01G7/06 , C04B35/4682 , C04B35/497 , G02F1/0027
摘要： Improved ferroelectric ceramic electrooptical substrate materials are provided for use in electrooptic devices utilizing millimeter wavelengths. The ferroelectric ceramics are characterized by transition temperatures in the range of 50-90 K and are selected from the following families of compositions: (1) (Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.1-x) TiO.sub.3, and (2) (Pb.sub.y Cd.sub.1-y).sub.2 (Ta.sub.z Nb.sub.1-z).sub.2 O.sub.7 ; where x is greater than 0 and less than 1, and y and z are numbers in the range of from 0 to 1.
摘要翻译： 提供了改进的铁电陶瓷电光基板材料，用于使用毫米波长的电光装置。 铁电陶瓷的特征在于转变温度在50-90K范围内，并且选自以下组合族：（1）（BaxSr1-x）TiO3和（2）（PbyCd1-y）2（TazNb1-z ）2O7; 其中x大于0且小于1，y和z是0至1的数字。
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公开(公告)号：US4599677A
公开(公告)日：1986-07-08
申请号：US616508
申请日：1984-06-01
IPC分类号： C04B35/497 , H01G4/12 , C04B35/46
CPC分类号： H01G4/1254 , C04B35/497
摘要： A capacitive energy storage device is provided utilizing a ferroelectric pyrochlore ceramic material as the dielectric. The preferred ceramic material has the formula:(Cd.sub.1-x Pb.sub.x).sub.2 (Nb.sub.1-y Ta.sub.y).sub.2 O.sub.7,where x and y are numbers in the range of from 0 to 1. Other ceramic materials used in the invention are the non-pyrochlore ceramic material (Sr.sub.1-a Ba.sub.a)TiO.sub.3 or the non-pyrochlore ceramic material (Pb.sub.1-b Ni.sub.b).sub.3 MgNb.sub.2 O.sub.9. These ceramic materials exhibit large dielectric constants at temperatures in the range of 50.degree.-90.degree. K.
摘要翻译： 使用铁电烧绿石陶瓷材料作为电介质来提供电容性储能装置。 优选的陶瓷材料具有式（Cd1-xPbx）2（Nb1-yTay）2O7，其中x和y为0-1的范围。本发明中使用的其它陶瓷材料是非烧绿石陶瓷材料 （Sr1-aBaa）TiO3或非烧绿石陶瓷材料（Pb1-bNib）3MgNb2O9。 这些陶瓷材料在50°-90°K的温度下表现出很大的介电常数。
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