摘要:
A telescope has an entrance pupil region; a first concave mirror (M1) belonging to a first rotationally symmetric aspheric surface and reflecting light passing through the entrance pupil region; a second convex mirror (M2) belonging to a second rotationally symmetric aspheric surface and reflecting light reflected by the first mirror; a third convex mirror (M3) belonging to a third rotationally symmetric aspheric surface and reflecting light reflected by the second mirror; a fourth concave mirror belonging to a fourth rotationally symmetric aspheric surface and reflecting light reflected by the second mirror to an exit pupil. The first, second, third and fourth rotationally symmetric aspheric surfaces are centered on the symmetry axis of the third mirror. The first, second and fourth mirrors are centered along the first direction perpendicular to the optical axis and off-centered in a second direction perpendicular to the symmetry axis and to the first direction.
摘要:
The invention relates to an air conditioning system, especially a motor vehicle air conditioning system, that can be operated as a heat pump. Said system comprises a compressor (2), a heating body (3), a throttle element (4), and an evaporator (6), the compressor (2) having a variable stroke. The throttle element (4) is especially embodied as a controllable expansion valve (5) that contributes to the regulation of the heating capacity during the operation of the heat pump.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method of refrigerant level monitoring in a refrigerant circuit of an air-conditioning or heat-pump system having a compressor and a refrigerant which may, depending on the operating point, be operated in the supercritical range. The method includes standstill level monitoring with the compressor switched off and/or in-operation level monitoring with the compressor switched on. In the case of in-operation level monitoring, the refrigerant overheat (dTü) at the evaporator is registered and, in the event of excessive overheat, it is concluded that there is underfilling. At a standstill, the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant are registered, and it is concluded that there is an improper refrigerant filling level if the pressure (pKM) lies below a minimum pressure value (pmin) or the temperature (TKM) lies above a maximum saturation temperature value (TS) with the pressure being outside a predefinable intended pressure range ([pu,po]).
摘要翻译:本发明涉及一种具有压缩机和制冷剂的空调或热泵系统的制冷剂回路中的制冷剂液位监测方法,该方法可根据工作点在超临界范围内运行。 该方法包括在压缩机接通的情况下关闭压缩机和/或在操作水平监控的停止液位监控。 在运行状态监控的情况下,蒸发器中的制冷剂过热(dTü)被注册,如果发生过热过热,则认为是处于不足的状态。 在停止状态下,记录制冷剂的压力和温度,并且如果压力(p> KM)低于最小压力值(p min SUB>)或温度(T KM)高于最大饱和温度值(T S S S S S),其中压力在预定的预期压力范围之外( [p u u,,。。。])。
摘要:
The invention relates to a method of refrigerant level monitoring in a refrigerant circuit of an air-conditioning or heat-pump system having a compressor and a refrigerant which may, depending on the operating point, be operated in the supercritical range. The method includes standstill level monitoring with the compressor switched off and/or in-operation level monitoring with the compressor switched on. In the case of in-operation level monitoring, the refrigerant overheat (dTü) at the evaporator is registered and, in the event of excessive overheat, it is concluded that there is underfilling. At a standstill, the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant are registered, and it is concluded that there is an improper refrigerant filling level if the pressure (pKM) lies below a minimum pressure value (pmin) or the temperature (TKM) lies above a maximum saturation temperature value (TS) with the pressure being outside a predefinable intended pressure range ([pu,po]).