摘要:
A method includes providing an active circuit element in a feedback path between an output node and a bypass node of a charge pump of a Phase Locked Loop (PLL). The bypass node is a node to which a charge current or a discharge current is steered to by the charge pump when neither charging the output node nor discharging the output node is required. The method also includes servoing the bypass node to the output node through the active circuit element in the feedback path to maintain a same voltage at the output node and the bypass node when neither the charging of the output node nor the discharging of the output node is required.
摘要:
According to an embodiment, an electro-optic polymer comprises a host polymer and a guest nonlinear optical chromophore having the structure D-π-A, wherein: D is a donor, π is a π-bridge, and A is an acceptor; a bulky substituent group is covalently attached to at least one of D, π, or A; and the bulky substituent group has at least one non-covalent interaction with part of the host polymer that impedes chromophore depoling.
摘要:
A low index of refraction hybrid optical cladding may be formed from a fluorinated sol-gel. An electro-optic device may include a poled organic chromophore-loaded modulation layer (electro-optic polymer) and at least one adjacent fluorinated hybrid sol-gel cladding layer.
摘要:
A dual polarization quadrature modulator includes an input planar lightwave circuit (PLC) configured to deliver coherent light to a polymer-on substrate device including a plurality of electro-optic (E-O) polymer optical modulation waveguides configured to each phase modulate the coherent light, and the E-O polymer optical modulation waveguides output modulated coherent light to an output PLC configured to combine waveguide pairs of phase modulated light into Mach-Zehnder interferometric signals, combine pairs of Mach-Zehnder interferometric signals into quadrature modulated signals. A polarization rotator rotates modulated light from one of the quadrature modulated signals into an orthogonal polarization. The output PLC combines the quadrature-modulated and rotated quadrature modulated light to form a dual polarization, quadrature modulated light signal. The PLCs and the polymer-on-substrate device are integrated onto a single assembly substrate.
摘要:
A current control mechanism for use in low power consumption circuits with limited headroom includes a differential transistor pair from whose collectors a current output is taken. The current output is a function of a reference voltage provided at bases of a reference transistor pair having emitters that are coupled to the bases of the differential pair. The reference voltage is controlled by a pair of control transistors that control current through a load. A pair of tracking transistors can be provided to track supply voltage. A single-ended topology can also be implemented.
摘要:
A low resistivity hybrid organic-inorganic material may include a proportion of charge traps including a trap element indirectly covalently bonded to a donor or acceptor element. The trap element may include tin. The donor or acceptor element may include indium and/or antimony. Bonding includes cross-linking via oxygen bonds and via organic cross-linkers. The material may be formed as a hybrid sol-gel. The material may have optical transmission and refractive index characteristics. The material may be formed as optical cladding proximal to a non-linear optical layer, and may form a portion of a second order nonlinear optical device. The second order nonlinear optical device may include and electro-optic device including an organic chromophore-loaded modulation layer.
摘要:
An electro-optic polymer semiconductor integrated circuit includes one or more doped regions configured to drive one or more electrodes, and the electrodes are configured to drive a juxtaposed electro-optic core. The assembly may include a planarization layer disposed at least partially coplanar with the electrodes. The circuit may include an integrated multiplexer, driver configured to receive a signal from the multiplexer, at least one high speed electrode configured to be driven by the driver and modulate light energy passed through a hyperpolarizable poled chromophore regions disposed near the high speed electrode. The circuit may include a calibration storage circuit. The circuit may include, during fabrication, structures to provide voltage to a buried electrode and a shield to prevent damage from the poling field.
摘要:
A current control mechanism for use in low power consumption circuits with limited headroom includes a differential transistor pair from whose collectors a current output is taken. The current output is a function of a reference voltage provided at bases of a reference transistor pair having emitters that are coupled to the bases of the differential pair. The reference voltage is controlled by a pair of control transistors that control current through a load. A pair of tracking transistors can be provided to track supply voltage. A single-ended topology can also be implemented.
摘要:
A process that comprises dry etching a trench into a side clad polymer layer using an underlying passive polymer layer as an etch stop, and then back filling the trench with an electro-optic polymer.
摘要:
A electro-optic composite comprising a polymer having the structure and a nonlinear optical chromophore having the structure D-π-A, wherein: R is an alkyl, aryl, heteroalkyl, or heteroaryl, group; D is a donor; π is a π bridge; A is an acceptor; n=0-4; m=1-4; and o=1-4.
摘要翻译:一种电光复合材料,其包含具有所述结构的聚合物和具有结构D-pi-A的非线性光学发色团,其中:R是烷基,芳基,杂烷基或杂芳基; D是捐赠者 pi是pi桥; A是受体; n = 0-4; m = 1-4; 和o = 1-4。