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公开(公告)号：US6007240A
公开(公告)日：1999-12-28
申请号：US59581
申请日：1998-04-14
申请人： Duncan M. Price
发明人： Duncan M. Price
摘要： By employing a "modulated-temperature" heating program composed of a series of heat-isotherm stages, it is possible to separate the change in dimensions of an oriented material during heating into two contributions: a thermally "reversing" component which is due to linear thermal expansion and a "non-reversing" part arising from relaxation to the disordered state on heating above T.sub.g. Some preliminary results for biaxially drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) film are presented.
摘要翻译： 通过采用由一系列热等温阶段组成的“调制温度”加热程序，可以将加热期间取向材料的尺寸变化分为两个贡献：由于线性而导致的热“反转”分量 热膨胀和在加热高于Tg时因无序状态而松弛产生的“不可逆”部分。 介绍了双轴拉伸聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的一些初步结果。
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公开(公告)号：US5842788A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-01
申请号：US962378
申请日：1997-10-31
CPC分类号： G01N25/482 , G01K17/00 , G01N25/4833 , G01N25/4866
摘要： A Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) which has constant calorimetric sensitivity over its entire range of operating temperatures from -200.degree. C. to 540.degree. C. The DSC sensor consists of a pair of thin-film Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) which are used to sense the temperature of a sample and the temperature difference between the sample and an inert reference. The RTDs are supplied with an excitation current which varies according to the temperature of the reference to achieve constant calorimetric sensitivity, independent of the operating temperature.
摘要翻译： 差示扫描量热计（DSC），其在-200℃至540℃的整个工作温度范围内具有恒定的测量灵敏度。DSC传感器由一对薄膜电阻温度检测器（RTD）组成，使用 以检测样品的温度和样品与惰性参比之间的温度差。 RTD提供的激励电流根据参考温度而变化，以实现恒定的量热灵敏度，与工作温度无关。
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公开(公告)号：US5484204A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-16
申请号：US309769
申请日：1994-09-21
申请人： Robert L. Damley
发明人： Robert L. Damley
CPC分类号： G01N25/4826 , F25D19/006
摘要： The present invention is a mechanical cooling system, for use with thermal analysis instruments such as differential scanning calorimeters, which interposes a gaseous heat transfer path between the heat exchanger or evaporator cooling the differential scanning calorimeter cell and the differential scanning calorimeter cell. This configuration improves the performance of the thermal analysis system by reducing noise in the heat flow signal otherwise resulting from evaporation of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger. The mechanical cooling system is attached to the thermal analysis instrument by an arrangement providing for minimum direct physical contact between the mechanical cooling system and the thermal analysis instrument.
摘要翻译： 本发明是一种机械冷却系统，用于诸如差示扫描量热计之类的热分析仪器，其将冷却差示扫描量热计单元的热交换器或蒸发器之间的气体热传递路径插入差示扫描量热计单元。 这种结构通过减少由于热交换器中的制冷剂的蒸发而导致的热流信号中的噪声来改善热分析系统的性能。 机械冷却系统通过一种布置来附接到热分析仪器，从而在机械冷却系统和热分析仪器之间进行最小的直接物理接触。
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公开(公告)号：US5368391A
公开(公告)日：1994-11-29
申请号：US979168
申请日：1992-11-18
IPC分类号： G01N21/76 , G01N5/04 , G01N25/00 , G01N25/20 , G01N25/48 , G06F17/10 , G06F17/14 , G01N25/18
CPC分类号： G01N5/04 , G01N25/4833
摘要： The present invention relates to analytical methods for determining the composition of a material that undergoes a transition as a function of a driving variable. As applied to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), a first preferred embodiment comprises (1) decreasing the heating rate when deviations from a baseline signal are detected; (2) establishing a minimum heating rate; (3) forcing the heating rate to a predetermined maximum whenever the rate of change of the weight change with respect to the temperature falls below a predetermined value; and (4) adjusting the heating rate according to the rate of change of the weight of the sample to track a predetermined rate of change of the weight of the sample. A second preferred embodiment comprises (1) selecting either a high-productivity or a high-resolution mode; (2) in both modes, controlling the rate of temperature increase according to a function containing an exponential term, wherein the argument of the exponential term includes the percent weight change per unit time of the sample; (3) in the high-productivity mode, choosing the function so that when the percentage weight change per minute of the sample is small, the heating rate approaches the maximum allowed heating rate, and when the percentage weight change per minute is very large, the heating rate approaches zero; (4) in the high-resolution mode, choosing the function such that the heating rate is held at almost zero during a transition.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于确定作为驱动变量的函数的经历转变的材料的组成的分析方法。 如应用于热重分析（TGA），第一优选实施方案包括（1）当检测到与基线信号的偏离时降低加热速率; （2）建立最低加热速率; （3）当重量变化率相对于温度降低到预定值以下时，强制加热速率达到预定最大值; 和（4）根据样品重量的变化率来调节加热速率以跟踪样品重量的预定变化率。 第二优选实施例包括（1）选择高生产率或高分辨率模式; （2），根据包含指数项的函数控制温度升高速率，其中指数项的自变量包括样本每单位时间的百分比重量变化; （3）在高生产率模式下，选择功能使得当样品的每分钟重量变化百分比小时，加热速率接近最大允许加热速率，当每分钟重量变化百分比非常大时， 加热速率接近零; （4）在高分辨率模式下，选择功能，使得转换期间加热速率保持在几乎为零。
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公开(公告)号：US5321719A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-14
申请号：US67355
申请日：1993-05-26
摘要： The present invention is a thermogravimetric instrument having a ceramic sample support and a ceramic balance beam. The ceramic platform is rigidly attached to the hot end of the ceramic balance beam. An inert metal liner is press fitted into the ceramic sample platform. In a preferred embodiment, a thermocouple is directly attached to the inert metal liner. The thermocouple wires are routed through the length of the ceramic balance beam and are attached to the cold end of the ceramic balance beam with adhesive. The inert metal liner could be fabricated from platinum or from platinum alloys.
摘要翻译： 本发明是一种具有陶瓷样品支架和陶瓷平衡梁的热重分析仪器。 陶瓷平台刚性地连接到陶瓷平衡梁的热端。 将惰性金属衬垫压入陶瓷样品平台。 在优选实施例中，热电偶直接连接到惰性金属衬垫。 热电偶电线穿过陶瓷平衡梁的长度，并用粘合剂连接到陶瓷平衡梁的冷端。 惰性金属衬垫可以由铂或铂合金制成。
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公开(公告)号：US5915283A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-22
申请号：US769540
申请日：1996-12-19
IPC分类号： G01N25/16 , F27B5/16 , F27B17/02 , F27D1/00 , F27D9/00 , G01N3/00 , G01N3/06 , G01N3/18 , G01N19/00 , G01N1/00
CPC分类号： G01N3/18 , F27B17/02 , F27B5/16 , F27D1/0006 , G01N3/068 , F27B2005/164 , F27D1/0033 , F27D9/00 , G01N2203/0226
摘要： A heat shield and insulation system comprised of multiple layers of metallic sheets separated by small protrusions or dimples in the metallic sheets. The multiple layers are formed by spirally winding a coil of the metallic sheet around the sample enclosure. The protrusions are formed by stamping the metallic sheets, preferably in a random patterns, such that one set of protrusions does not nest in the protrusions formed in a neighboring sheet. The spacing between the layers of metallic sheets is small, such that convection does not occur in the space between the layers. Accordingly, the heat transfer between the layers of the metallic sheets is primarily radiative or via thermal conduction through the gas. The two ends of the helically wound metallic sheet are insulated by multiple thin metallic disks.
摘要翻译： 隔热和绝缘系统由多层金属片组成，金属片由金属片中的小突起或凹坑分开。 通过将金属片的线圈螺旋地卷绕在样品外壳周围形成多个层。 通过冲压金属片，优选以无规图案形成突起，使得一组突起不嵌套在形成在相邻片中的突起中。 金属板之间的间隔很小，使得层之间的空间中不会发生对流。 因此，金属片层之间的热传递主要是辐射的或通过气体的热传导。 螺旋缠绕的金属片的两端由多个细金属盘绝缘。
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公开(公告)号：US5509733A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-23
申请号：US171609
申请日：1993-12-21
申请人： Robert L. Danley
发明人： Robert L. Danley
CPC分类号： G01N25/4826
摘要： The present invention is an infrared-heated differential thermal analyzing instrument. The instrument uses an actively cooled heat sink, and a heat flow restricting element connecting the heat sink to a differential thermal analysis sensor. An IR heater directs IR radiation onto the lateral surfaces of the heat sink and the heat flow restricting element. These lateral surfaces are polished and coated with a high IR reflectance coating, so that heat absorption is minimized. The IR heater preferably uses either elliptical or parabolic mirrors to focus the IR radiation onto the heat sink and the heat flow restricting element. A second embodiment of the invention uses two heat sinks, and two heat flow restricting elements, with one heat sink and one heat flow restricting element mounted on either side of the differential analysis thermal sensor.
摘要翻译： 本发明是红外线加热差示热分析仪器。 仪器使用主动冷却的散热器和将散热器连接到差分热分析传感器的热流限制元件。 IR加热器将IR辐射引导到散热器和热流限制元件的侧表面上。 这些侧表面被抛光并涂覆有高红外反射涂层，使得吸热最小化。 IR加热器优选地使用椭圆形或抛物面镜将IR辐射聚焦到散热片和热流限制元件上。 本发明的第二实施例使用两个散热器和两个热流限制元件，其中一个散热器和一个热流限制元件安装在差分分析热传感器的两侧。
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公开(公告)号：US5474385A
公开(公告)日：1995-12-12
申请号：US295515
申请日：1994-08-24
申请人： Michael Reading
发明人： Michael Reading
CPC分类号： B82Y15/00 , G01N25/4833 , G01N25/4866
摘要： The interpretation of dynamic differential calorimetry ("DDSC") data is enhanced by parsing the data according to whether it is obtained while the sample is being heated, cooled, or re-heated. Each DDSC scan is split up into three separate components, depending upon whether the sample is undergoing heating, cooling or reheating. Each component can then be analyzed separately to investigate the sample response to temperature change as the sample is being heated, cooled, or re-heated. Each file is deconvoluted separately, using a deconvolution routine that first removes the effect of the phase lag due to the instrument's finite response time.
摘要翻译： 通过根据在样品被加热，冷却或再加热时获得的数据进行解析来增强动态差示量热法（“DDSC”）数据的解释。 每个DDSC扫描分为三个独立的组件，这取决于样品是否正在进行加热，冷却或再加热。 然后可以分别分析每个组分，以便在样品被加热，冷却或重新加热时调查样品对温度变化的响应。 每个文件被单独解卷积，使用去卷积程序，首先消除由于仪器的有限响应时间引起的相位滞后的影响。
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公开(公告)号：US5335993A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-09
申请号：US85646
申请日：1993-06-30
申请人： Sanford M. Marcus , Michael Reading
发明人： Sanford M. Marcus , Michael Reading
CPC分类号： G01N25/18 , G01N25/4833 , G01N25/4866
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring the thermal conductivity of materials using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). Two MDSC heat capacity measurements are made consecutively. One measurement is made under conditions which ensure obtaining a fairly accurate value for the heat capacity of the material ("quasi-ideal conditions"). Another measurement is made under conditions such that the measured effective heat capacity differs from the accurate value of the heat capacity due to thermal conductivity effects. Generally, the non-ideal conditions differ from the ideal conditions by one parameter, such as the size of the sample, the modulation frequency used to measure the heat capacity, or, for thin films, the presence or absence of a specimen on the thin film. The thermal conductivity of the material is then calculated from the difference between the heat capacity measured under quasi-ideal conditions and the effective heat capacity measured under non-ideal conditions.
摘要翻译： 使用调制差示扫描量热法（MDSC）测量材料的热导率的方法和装置。 连续进行两次MDSC热容量测量。 在确保获得材料的热容量相当准确的值（“准理想条件”）的条件下进行一次测量。 在使得测量的有效热容量与热导率效应的热容量的精确值不同的条件下进行另一测量。 一般来说，非理想条件通过一个参数（例如样品的尺寸，用于测量热容的调制频率）或理想条件与样品在薄层上的存在或不存在不同 电影。 然后根据在准理想条件下测得的热容与在非理想条件下测得的有效热容之差计算材料的热导率。
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10.发明授权Apparatus and method for analyzing dielectric properties using a single surface electrode and force monitoring and adjusting 失效使用单个表面电极分析介电特性的装置和方法以及力监测和调整
公开(公告)号：US5065106A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-12
申请号：US660169
申请日：1991-02-25
CPC分类号： G01B7/14 , G01N27/226 , G01R27/2605
摘要： A parallel plate or single surface dielectric analyzer is disclosed including: a distance sensor for accurately measuring the varying distance between the electrodes, such as a linear voltage differential transformer (LVDT), and apparatus responsive to the distance sensor for positioning the electrodes; a force transducer for measuring the applied force on the sample and apparatus responsive to the force transducer to give a desired force by varying the electrode spacing; disposable electrodes made using thick film technology composed of a ceramic substrate with a conductor adhered to its surface; and a temperature sensor built into one of the electrodes such as a platinum ring adhered to the surface of one of the electrodes and apparatus to measure the resistance across the platinum ring.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种平行板或单面介质分析仪，包括：用于精确测量诸如线性电压差动变压器（LVDT）的电极之间的变化距离的距离传感器以及响应于用于定位电极的距离传感器的装置; 力传感器，用于测量样品上的施加力并响应于力传感器设备，通过改变电极间距来产生期望的力; 使用厚膜技术制成的一次性电极，其中陶瓷基体与导体粘附在其表面上; 以及内置于一个电极中的温度传感器，例如附着在一个电极的表面上的铂环，以及用于测量穿过铂环的电阻的装置。
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