公开(公告)号：US5335993A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-09

申请号：US85646

申请日：1993-06-30

申请人： Sanford M. Marcus ,  Michael Reading

发明人： Sanford M. Marcus ,  Michael Reading

IPC分类号： G01N25/20 ,  G01N25/18 ,  G01N25/48 ,  G01Q90/00

CPC分类号： G01N25/18 ,  G01N25/4833 ,  G01N25/4866

摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring the thermal conductivity of materials using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). Two MDSC heat capacity measurements are made consecutively. One measurement is made under conditions which ensure obtaining a fairly accurate value for the heat capacity of the material ("quasi-ideal conditions"). Another measurement is made under conditions such that the measured effective heat capacity differs from the accurate value of the heat capacity due to thermal conductivity effects. Generally, the non-ideal conditions differ from the ideal conditions by one parameter, such as the size of the sample, the modulation frequency used to measure the heat capacity, or, for thin films, the presence or absence of a specimen on the thin film. The thermal conductivity of the material is then calculated from the difference between the heat capacity measured under quasi-ideal conditions and the effective heat capacity measured under non-ideal conditions.

摘要翻译： 使用调制差示扫描量热法（MDSC）测量材料的热导率的方法和装置。 连续进行两次MDSC热容量测量。 在确保获得材料的热容量相当准确的值（“准理想条件”）的条件下进行一次测量。 在使得测量的有效热容量与热导率效应的热容量的精确值不同的条件下进行另一测量。 一般来说，非理想条件通过一个参数（例如样品的尺寸，用于测量热容的调制频率）或理想条件与样品在薄层上的存在或不存在不同 电影。 然后根据在准理想条件下测得的热容与在非理想条件下测得的有效热容之差计算材料的热导率。

公开(公告)号：US06641300B1

公开(公告)日：2003-11-04

申请号：US10058025

申请日：2002-01-29

申请人： Andrew Lacey ,  Michael Reading

发明人： Andrew Lacey ,  Michael Reading

IPC分类号： G01K1700

CPC分类号： G01K19/00 ,  G01K17/00 ,  G01N25/4806 ,  G01N25/4833

摘要： A method for calibrating thermal resistance and thermal capacitance parameters characterizing a DSC cell, and then calculating the heat flow to the sample based upon the results of the calibration. The method is applied in a conventional heat flux calorimeter, to obtain thermal analysis data having improved baseline and resolution. A first embodiment is based upon a model of a calorimeter in which there is no cross-talk between the sample and reference sides of a DSC cell. The thermal resistance and thermal capacitance parameters are calculated by carrying out a sequential series of calibration measurements with an empty DSC cell, materials on the reference side and materials on both the sample and reference sides. Another embodiment takes the existence of cross-talk between the sample and reference sides of the calorimeter into account.

摘要翻译： 用于校准表征DSC单元的热电阻和热电容参数，然后基于校准结果计算到样品的热流的方法。 该方法应用于常规热通量热计中，以获得具有改进的基线和分辨率的热分析数据。 第一实施例基于在DSC单元的样品和参考侧之间没有串扰的量热计的模型。 通过使用空的DSC电池，参考侧的材料和样品和参考侧的材料进行一系列校准测量来计算热电阻和热电容参数。 另一个实施例考虑到量热计的样品和参考侧之间的串扰存在。

公开(公告)号：US6095679A

公开(公告)日：2000-08-01

申请号：US837547

申请日：1997-04-21

申请人： Azzedine Hammiche ,  Hubert Murray Montagu Pollock ,  Michael Reading ,  Mo Song

发明人： Azzedine Hammiche ,  Hubert Murray Montagu Pollock ,  Michael Reading ,  Mo Song

IPC分类号： G01N25/20 ,  G01N25/48 ,  G01Q60/58 ,  G01N25/18

CPC分类号： G01Q60/58 ,  B82Y35/00 ,  G01N25/4833 ,  Y10S977/732 ,  Y10S977/849 ,  Y10S977/852 ,  Y10S977/86 ,  Y10S977/867 ,  Y10S977/869 ,  Y10S977/881 ,  Y10S977/957

摘要： A platinum/Rhodium resistance thermal probe is used as an active device which acts both as a highly localized heat source and as a detector to perform localized differential calorimetry, by thermally inducing and detecting events such as glass transitions, meltings, recystallizations and thermal decomposition within volumes of material estimated at a few .mu.m.sup.3. Furthermore, the probe is used to image variations in thermal conductivity and diffusivity, to perform depth profiling and sub-surface imaging. The maximum depth of the sample that is imaged is controlled by generating and detecting evanescent temperature waves in the sample.

摘要翻译： 使用铂/铑电阻热探针作为主动装置，其作为高度局部化的热源和作为检测器来执行局部差示量热法，通过热诱导和检测诸如玻璃化转变，熔融，再结晶和热分解之类的事件 材料量估计在几亩。 此外，探头用于对导热系数和扩散系数的变化进行成像，以进行深度剖面和次表面成像。 通过产生和检测样品中的ev逝温度波来控制成像样品的最大深度。

公开(公告)号：US20100055797A1

公开(公告)日：2010-03-04

申请号：US11920203

申请日：2006-05-09

申请人： Michael Reading

发明人： Michael Reading

IPC分类号： G01N33/50 ,  C07K14/00 ,  C07H21/02 ,  C07H21/04

CPC分类号： B82B3/00 ,  B01J19/0046 ,  B01J2219/00387 ,  B01J2219/00497 ,  B01J2219/00565 ,  B01J2219/00578 ,  B01J2219/00585 ,  B01J2219/0059 ,  B01J2219/00605 ,  B01J2219/0061 ,  B01J2219/00612 ,  B01J2219/00626 ,  B01J2219/0063 ,  B01J2219/00637 ,  B01J2219/00653 ,  B01J2219/00659 ,  B01J2219/00675 ,  B01J2219/00722 ,  B01J2219/00725 ,  B01J2219/00736 ,  B01L3/0255 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  G01N1/22 ,  Y10T436/143333

摘要： A process for assembling molecules on a surface, the process comprising: providing a probe having a variable-temperature tip; providing a first material, which is optionally on a first surface of a substrate; bringing the tip of the probe into contact with the first material, whereby molecules of the first material are transferred to the tip; and moving the tip of the probe to a position above a surface of a second material (the second surface); then heating the tip of the probe to a temperature T2, at which the first material will transfer from the tip to the surface of the second material. Analytical process using this method are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在表面上组装分子的方法，所述方法包括：提供具有可变温度尖端的探针; 提供第一材料，其任选地在基底的第一表面上; 使探针的尖端与第一材料接触，由此将第一材料的分子转移到尖端; 以及将所述探针的尖端移动到第二材料（所述第二表面）的表面上方的位置; 然后将探针的尖端加热到第一材料将从尖端传递到第二材料的表面的温度T2。 还公开了使用该方法的分析方法。

公开(公告)号：US06200022B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-13

申请号：US09224600

申请日：1998-12-31

申请人： Azzedine Hammiche ,  Hubert Murray Montague-Pollock ,  Michael Reading

发明人： Azzedine Hammiche ,  Hubert Murray Montague-Pollock ,  Michael Reading

IPC分类号： G01N2520

CPC分类号： G01Q60/58 ,  A61B18/149 ,  A61B2018/00589 ,  A61B2018/00601 ,  A61B2018/00607 ,  G01N3/60 ,  G01N25/4833 ,  G01N25/72 ,  G01N2203/0051 ,  G01N2203/0286 ,  Y10S977/849 ,  Y10S977/852 ,  Y10S977/86 ,  Y10S977/867 ,  Y10S977/881

摘要： A system and method for performing localized mechanothermal analysis with scanning probe microscopy (“MASM”) is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment an image of the surface or subsurface of a sample is created. A localized region of the sample is selected from the image. Using a scanning microscope, an active or passive thermal probe is positioned at the selected region. A temperature ramp is applied to the localized region. In addition, a dynamic or modulated stress or strain is applied to the localized region. Force data resulting from the applied temperature and stress or strain is collected and processed to produce a graph or fingerprint of the dynamic mechanical and/or calorimetric properties of the selected localized region.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用扫描探针显微镜（“MASM”）进行局部机械温度分析的系统和方法。 在优选实施例中，产生样品的表面或次表面的图像。 从图像中选择样本的局部区域。 使用扫描显微镜，主动或被动热探针位于所选区域。 温度斜坡应用于局部区域。 此外，动态或调制的应力或应变施加到局部区域。 收集并处理由施加的温度和应力或应变产生的力数据，以产生所选择的局部区域的动态机械和/或量热特性的图表或指纹图。

公开(公告)号：US5439291A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-08

申请号：US171656

申请日：1993-12-22

申请人： Michael Reading

发明人： Michael Reading

IPC分类号： G01N25/48 ,  G01N25/00

CPC分类号： G01N25/4833 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  G01N25/18 ,  G01N25/4866

摘要： The present invention is a modulated differential thermal analysis technique for determining the composition, phase, structure, identification, or other properties of a material that undergoes a transition as function of temperature or other driving variable. As applied to differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), the preferred embodiment comprises (1) heating a sample of the material with a linear temperature ramp that is modulated with a sinusoidal heating rate oscillation; (2) simultaneously heating a reference at the same linear temperature ramp; (3) measuring the differential temperature of the sample and reference; and (4) deconvoluting the resultant heat flow signal into rapidly and non-rapidly reversible components.

摘要翻译： 本发明是用于确定作为温度或其他驱动变量的函数的经历转变的材料的组成，相位，结构，识别或其它性质的调制差分热分析技术。 如应用于差示扫描量热分析（DSC），优选实施方案包括（1）用正弦加热速率振荡调制的线性温度斜坡加热材料样品; （2）在相同的线性温度斜坡同时加热参考; （3）测量样品和参考的温差; 和（4）将所得热流信号解卷积成快速且非快速可逆的分量。

公开(公告)号：US08418538B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-16

申请号：US13289640

申请日：2011-11-04

申请人： A. Dazzi Dazzi ,  Clotilde Policar ,  Kevin Kjoller ,  Michael Reading ,  Konstantin Vodopyanov ,  Craig Prater

发明人： A. Dazzi Dazzi ,  Clotilde Policar ,  Kevin Kjoller ,  Michael Reading ,  Konstantin Vodopyanov ,  Craig Prater

IPC分类号： G01B5/28 ,  G01Q60/34 ,  G01N21/84

CPC分类号： G01Q30/02 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01Q60/32

摘要： An AFM based technique has been demonstrated for performing highly localized IR spectroscopy on a sample surface. Significant issues as to size, cost of implementation, and repeatability/robustness of results exist in commercializing the technique. The invention addresses many of these issues thereby producing a version of the analytical technique that can be made generally available to the scientific community.

公开(公告)号：US08001830B2

公开(公告)日：2011-08-23

申请号：US11803421

申请日：2007-05-15

申请人： Alexandre Dazzi ,  Rui Prazeres ,  Kevin Kjoller ,  Michael Reading

发明人： Alexandre Dazzi ,  Rui Prazeres ,  Kevin Kjoller ,  Michael Reading

IPC分类号： G01B5/28 ,  G01N21/84 ,  G01Q80/00

CPC分类号： G01Q60/38 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/3563 ,  G01Q30/02 ,  G01Q60/32

摘要： An AFM based technique has been demonstrated for performing highly localized IR spectroscopy on a sample surface. Such a technique implemented in a commercially viable analytical instrument would be extremely useful. Various aspects of the experimental set-up have to be changed to create a commercial version. The invention addresses many of these issues thereby producing a version of the analytical technique that cab be made generally available to the scientific community.

摘要翻译： 已经证明了基于AFM的技术用于在样品表面上进行高度局部化的IR光谱。 在商业可行的分析仪器中实施的这种技术将是非常有用的。 必须改变实验设置的各个方面，以创建商业版本。 本发明解决了许多这些问题，从而产生了一般可用于科学界的驾驶室的分析技术的版本。

公开(公告)号：US20100042356A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-18

申请号：US12228877

申请日：2008-08-15

申请人： Kevin Kjoller ,  Khoren Sahagian ,  Doug Gotthard ,  Anthony Kurtz ,  Craig Prater ,  Roshan Shetty ,  Michael Reading

发明人： Kevin Kjoller ,  Khoren Sahagian ,  Doug Gotthard ,  Anthony Kurtz ,  Craig Prater ,  Roshan Shetty ,  Michael Reading

IPC分类号： G01N25/02

CPC分类号： G01Q60/58 ,  G01Q30/04

摘要： A system and method for automatic analysis of temperature transition data over an area of a sample surface. The system relies on the use of a microfabricated probe, which can be rapidly heated and cooled and has a sharp tip to provide high spatial resolution. The system also has fast x-y-z positioners, data collection, and algorithms that allow automatic analysis of and visualization of temperature transition data.

摘要翻译： 用于在样品表面的区域上自动分析温度转变数据的系统和方法。 该系统依赖于使用微加工探针，其可以被快速加热和冷却，并且具有尖锐的尖端以提供高的空间分辨率。 该系统还具有快速的x-y-z定位器，数据采集和算法，可以自动分析和可视化温度转换数据。

公开(公告)号：US07578613B2

公开(公告)日：2009-08-25

申请号：US11853586

申请日：2007-09-11

申请人： Michael Reading

发明人： Michael Reading

IPC分类号： G01K17/06 ,  G01N25/20

CPC分类号： G01K17/04 ,  G01N25/48

摘要： A modulated differential scanning calorimeter that accounts for heat flow due to evaporative solvent loss. The calorimeter modulates the temperature applied to a sample and a reference to determine the amount of heat flow that is due to evaporation. By calculating the amount of heat flow due to evaporation, the user can determine how much of the heat flow of any given well is due to the process of interest as opposed to evaporation.

摘要翻译： 一种调制的差示扫描量热计，其考虑到蒸发溶剂损失引起的热流。 量热计调节施加到样品和参考物的温度，以确定由于蒸发引起的热流量。 通过计算由于蒸发引起的热流量，用户可以确定任何给定的井的热流量是由于与蒸发相反的感兴趣的过程。