公开(公告)号：US5637809A

公开(公告)日：1997-06-10

申请号：US456650

申请日：1995-06-02

Applicant: John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

Inventor： John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

IPC: G01N1/22 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N33/00 ,  B01L7/00

CPC classification number: G01N1/2258 ,  G01N33/0011 ,  G01N33/0016 ,  G01N1/2252 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N2001/2261 ,  G01N2001/2264 ,  G01N2001/244

Abstract: A gas sampling system utilizes small sample vacuum transport to reduce the dew point of the sample. A vacuum pump maintains a substantial vacuum on the sampling system causing a sample, drawn at a rate less than a liter per minute, to be drawn and transported under partial vacuum for analysis. A dryer can be placed near the sampling probe to further reduce the dew point prior to the vacuum transport. The dew point of the sample is affected by both the dryer and the degree of vacuum transporting the gas mixture. As such, the dew point can be varied indefinitely by any reasonable combination of moisture removal by the dryer and vacuum pump strength.

Abstract translation: 气体采样系统利用小样品真空输送来降低样品的露点。 真空泵在采样系统上维持真实的真空，使得以小于每分钟一升的速率拉伸的样品在部分真空下被拉伸和运输用于分析。 干燥器可以放置在采样探头附近，以进一步降低真空运输前的露点。 样品的露点受干燥器和真空输送气体混合物的程度的影响。 因此，通过干燥器除去湿气和真空泵强度的任何合理的组合，露点可以无限期地变化。

公开(公告)号：US5458010A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-17

申请号：US218563

申请日：1994-03-28

Applicant: John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

Inventor： John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

IPC: G01N1/22 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N1/28 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G05D11/03 ,  B01L7/00

CPC classification number: G01N1/2258 ,  G01N33/0011 ,  G01N33/0016 ,  G05D11/03 ,  G01N1/2252 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N2001/2261 ,  G01N2001/2264 ,  G01N2001/244

Abstract: A gas sampling system utilizing a pair of parallel sonic orifices. One of the orifices is connected to a source of filtered, heated samples. The second, larger orifice is connected to a source of dilution gas. A vacuum pump maintains a substantial vacuum behind the orifices, thus assuring critical flow therethrough. The sample and diffusion gas are mixed behind the orifices and transported under partial vacuum for analysis. The dew point of the sample is affected by both the ratio of the diameter of orifices and the degree of vacuum transporting the gas mixture. As such, the dew point can be varied indefinitely by any reasonable combination of orifice ratio and vacuum pump strength.

Abstract translation: 采用一对平行声波孔的气体采样系统。 其中一个孔连接到过滤的加热样品源。 第二个更大的孔连接到稀释气体源。 真空泵在孔之后保持相当的真空，从而确保通过其中的临界流。 将样品和扩散气体混合在孔的后面并在部分真空下运输用于分析。 样品的露点受到孔直径与输送气体混合物的真空度的影响。 因此，露点可以通过孔径比和真空泵强度的任何合理的组合而无限地变化。

公开(公告)号：US5999257A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-07

申请号：US002984

申请日：1998-01-05

Applicant: Richard Myers ,  Edward A. Smierciak

Inventor： Richard Myers ,  Edward A. Smierciak

IPC: G01N15/02 ,  G01N21/53

CPC classification number: G01N15/0205 ,  G01N21/534 ,  G01N21/4785

Abstract: In a method for monitoring particulates in stacks or ducts a back-scatter monitor uses a solid-state laser to emit a collimated beam, the intensity of which is controlled via feedback from a reference detector. The beam is split so that part goes to a reference surface for calibration checks, and part is directed to pass at a selected angle through a gaseous sample. Optical energy scattered from particles in the sample is detected by viewing optics to provide an indication of particulate concentration. The beam steering mechanism can direct the optics to view scattering along a selectable axis that intersects the laser beam at a specified location within the gaseous sample. The method can be used to determine the opacity of the gaseous sample providing a basis for correlation to particulate loading of that portion of the particulates that are of a size comparable to the wavelength of light.

Abstract translation: 在用于监测堆叠或管道中的微粒的方法中，背散射监视器使用固态激光器发射准直束，其强度通过来自参考检测器的反馈来控制。 光束被分裂，使得部分进入参考表面进行校准检查，并且部分被引导以选定角度通过气态样品。 通过观察光学元件检测样品中颗粒散射的光能，以提供颗粒浓度的指示。 光束转向机构可以引导光学器件沿着在气态样品中的指定位置处与激光束相交的可选择轴线观看散射。 该方法可用于确定气体样品的不透明度，其提供与颗粒的颗粒负载相关的基础，颗粒负载的尺寸与光的波长相当。

公开(公告)号：US5751423A

公开(公告)日：1998-05-12

申请号：US761127

申请日：1996-12-06

Applicant: John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers ,  Edward A. Smierciak

Inventor： John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers ,  Edward A. Smierciak

IPC: G01N15/02 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G01N21/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/534 ,  G01N15/0205 ,  G01N21/4785

Abstract: An improved transmissometer/particulate monitor of the type which has an optical assembly containing a solid state light source preferably a solid-state laser. The light source emits a collimated beam that is split, part of which is focused onto a reference detector that monitors the intensity of the light source, while the other part is directed to a beam-steering apparatus that causes the beam to accurately pass through a gaseous sample to a desired location such as a retro-reflector. A position-sensing detector is used in a closed-loop manner to control the beam-steering apparatus. The ratio of the total energy of the detected light beam, relative to the reference detector output, is used to determine the opacity of the gaseous sample or to provide a basis for correlation to particulate loading of the sample or both. The correlation to particulate loading is enhanced by a feature of the invention which measures the angular distribution of forward-scattered light to provide information as to the particle size distribution of the particulates.

Abstract translation: 一种改进的透射计/颗粒监测器，其具有包含固态光源的光学组件，优选为固态激光器。 光源发射被分割的准直光束，其中的一部分被聚焦到监视光源的强度的参考检测器上，而另一部分被引导到光束转向装置，其使光束准确地通过 气态样品到期望的位置，例如后向反射器。 以闭环方式使用位置检测检测器来控制光束转向装置。 使用检测光束的总能量相对于参考检测器输出的比率来确定气体样品的不透明度或提供与样品或两者的颗粒物负载相关的基础。 通过测量前向散射光的角分布以提供关于颗粒的粒度分布的信息的本发明的特征来增强与颗粒负载的相关性。

公开(公告)号：US5559279A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-24

申请号：US375529

申请日：1995-01-19

Applicant: John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

Inventor： John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

IPC: G01F1/46 ,  G01F25/00

CPC classification number: G01F1/46 ,  G01F25/003

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dynamic calibration of monitoring equipment of the type which uses a Type-S pitot tube connected to at least one transducer utilize a calibration air conduit having a distal end positioned opposite one opening of the Type-S pitot tube and a proximate end. A blower connected to the proximate end of the calibration air conduit blows air past the standard pitot tube and at least one opening of the type S pitot tube. A standard pitot tube placed in the calibration air conduit. Differential pressure readings are taken. There is a relationship between the differential pressure reading of the standard pitot tube and the differential pressure reading of the Type-S pitot tube which does not change unless the monitoring equipment of which the Type-S is a part leaks, is plugged or is otherwise operating improperly.

Abstract translation: 用于使用连接到至少一个换能器的Type-S皮托管的类型的监测设备的动态校准的方法和装置利用校准空气管道，其具有与S型皮托管的一个开口相对的远端， 结束。 连接到校准空气管道的近端的鼓风机将空气吹过标准皮托管和S型皮托管的至少一个开口。 放置在校准空气管道中的标准皮托管。 采取差压读数。 标准皮托管的压差读数与Type-S皮托管的差压读数之间有一个关系，除了S型泄漏部分的监控设备被堵塞之外，不会改变 操作不正常

公开(公告)号：US5520048A

公开(公告)日：1996-05-28

申请号：US375527

申请日：1995-10-19

Applicant: John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

Inventor： John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

IPC: G01F1/40 ,  G01F1/46 ,  G01N25/64 ,  G01N25/62 ,  G01F1/42

CPC classification number: G01N25/64 ,  G01F1/40 ,  G01F1/46

Abstract: An improved probe useful for measuring emissions of stack gases is equipped with a means for measuring moisture content and molecular weight of stack gases. A water feed tube is provided through the distal end of the probe and is fed water via a water feed line. An electrical temperature measuring device and water soaker device having spaced apart soaker feed holes is provided near the distal end of the water feed tube while a dry tubing encases the water feed tube below the temperature measuring device. A soaker wick encases part of the water feed tube and covers all of the temperature measuring device. Finally, an internal seal is provided between the dry tubing and the temperature measuring device to prevent thermally conductive heat from reaching the temperature measuring device. This structure enables the probe to make wet bulb-dry bulb measurements of stack gases.

Abstract translation: 用于测量烟气排放的改进型探头配有测量烟气浓度和水分含量的方法。 供水管通过探头的远端提供，并通过给水管线供水。 在供水管的远端附近设置具有间隔开的进料孔的电气温度测量装置和水加湿装置，而干管将供水管包裹在温度测量装置下方。 一个较软的灯芯包住了供水管的一部分，并覆盖了所有的温度测量装置。 最后，在干管和温度测量装置之间提供内部密封，以防止热传导热到达温度测量装置。 这种结构使得探针能够对烟气进行湿球 - 干球测量。

公开(公告)号：US5297432A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-29

申请号：US789935

申请日：1991-11-12

Applicant: John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

Inventor： John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

IPC: G01N1/22 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N1/28 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G05D11/03

CPC classification number: G01N1/2258 ,  G01N33/0011 ,  G01N33/0016 ,  G05D11/03 ,  G01N1/2252 ,  G01N1/24 ,  G01N2001/2261 ,  G01N2001/2264 ,  G01N2001/244

Abstract: A gas sampling system utilizing a pair of parallel sonic orifices. One of the orifices is connected to a source of filtered, heated samples. The second, larger orifice is connected to a source of dilution gas. A vacuum pump maintains a substantial vacuum behind the orifices, thus assuring critical flow therethrough. The sample and diffusion gas are mixed behind the orifices and transported under partial vacuum for analysis. The dew point of the sample is affected by both the ratio of the diameter of orifices and the degree of vacuum transporting the gas mixture. As such, the dew point can be varied indefinitely by any reasonable combination of orifice ratio and vacuum pump strength.

Abstract translation: 采用一对平行声波孔的气体采样系统。 其中一个孔连接到过滤的加热样品源。 第二个更大的孔连接到稀释气体源。 真空泵在孔之后保持相当的真空，从而确保通过其中的临界流。 将样品和扩散气体混合在孔的后面并在部分真空下运输用于分析。 样品的露点受到孔直径与输送气体混合物的真空度的影响。 因此，露点可以通过孔径比和真空泵强度的任何合理的组合而无限地变化。

公开(公告)号：US5535634A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-16

申请号：US395421

申请日：1995-02-28

Applicant: John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

Inventor： John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers

IPC: G01F1/46

CPC classification number: G01F1/46

Abstract: A improved Type S or reverse type pitot tube has two conduit legs which are mirror images of one another. Each conduit leg has an input portion having a pressure port therein, a support portion and a connecting portion connected between the input portion and the support portion. The support portion and the connecting portion lie in one plane which plane is substantially perpendicular to a centerline through the input portions. The conduit legs are shaped and oriented relative to one another so that the pressure ports of the input portions of the first and second conduits are collinear and when placed in a conduit, the pitot tube will be symmetrical in a yaw plane and both symmetrical and non-interfering in a pitch plane. The first and second conduits are spaced apart over at least a portion of their length to define an opening adjacent the input portions which opening is at least 3 times wider and deeper than the input portions. With this pitot tube the errors in flow measurement which result from the pitch angle flow are negligible in most cases and never result in a low biased reading.

Abstract translation: 改进的S型或反型皮托管具有彼此成镜像的两个导管腿。 每个导管腿具有其中具有压力端口的输入部分，支撑部分和连接在输入部分和支撑部分之间的连接部分。 支撑部分和连接部分位于一个平面中，该平面基本上垂直于通过输入部分的中心线。 导管腿相对于彼此成形和定向，使得第一和第二导管的输入部分的压力端口共线，并且当放置在导管中时，皮托管将在偏航平面中对称，并且对称和非对称 在间距平面上干扰。 第一和第二导管在它们的长度的至少一部分上间隔开以限定邻近输入部分的开口，该开口比输入部分宽至少3倍。 对于这个皮托管来说，由于桨距角流动引起的流量测量误差在大多数情况下是可以忽略的，从不导致读数偏低。

公开(公告)号：US5831730A

公开(公告)日：1998-11-03

申请号：US856072

申请日：1997-05-14

Applicant: John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers ,  Edward A. Smierciak

Inventor： John E. Traina ,  Richard Myers ,  Edward A. Smierciak

IPC: G01N15/02 ,  G01N21/53 ,  G01N21/00

CPC classification number: G01N15/0205 ,  G01N21/534 ,  G01N21/4785

Abstract: An improved method of monitoring particulates in stacks or ducts utilizes transmissometer/particulate monitor of the type which has an optical assembly containing a solid state light source of visible light such as a light-emitting diode or a solid-state laser. The light source emits a collimated beam that is split, part of which is focused onto a reference detector that monitors the intensity of the light source, while the other part is directed to a beam-steering apparatus that causes the beam to accurately pass through a gaseous sample to a desired location such as a retro-reflector. A position-sensing detector is used in a closed-loop manner to control the beam-steering apparatus. The ratio of the total energy of the detected light beam, relative to the reference detector output, is used to determine the opacity of the gaseous sample for the purpose of providing a basis for correlation to particulate loading of that portion of the particulates that are of a size comparable to the wavelength of light. The correlation to particulate loading is enhanced by a feature of the invention which measures the angular distribution of forward-scattered light to provide information as to the particle size distribution of the particulates. In addition, by steering the beam such that the intensity of scattered light at a preferred scattering angle of 2 to 3 degrees is measured, a measurement may be made that provides a signal that is proportional to the total concentration of particulates independent of the size distribution.

Abstract translation: 一种监测堆叠或管道中的微粒的改进方法利用了具有包含诸如发光二极管或固体激光器的可见光的固态光源的光学组件的类型的透射计/微粒监测器。 光源发射被分裂的准直光束，其中的一部分被聚焦到监视光源的强度的参考检测器上，而另一部分被引导到光束转向装置，该光束转向装置使光束准确地通过 气态样品到期望的位置，例如后向反射器。 以闭环方式使用位置检测检测器来控制光束转向装置。 检测光束相对于参考检测器输出的总能量的比率用于确定气体样品的不透明度，以提供与颗粒物的颗粒负载相关的基础， 尺寸与光的波长相当。 通过测量前向散射光的角分布以提供关于颗粒的粒度分布的信息的本发明的特征来增强与颗粒负载的相关性。 此外，通过转向光束使得测量到2至3度的优选散射角的散射光的强度，可以进行测量，其提供与颗粒的总浓度成比例的信号，而与尺寸分布无关 。

公开(公告)号：US5509313A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-23

申请号：US315558

申请日：1994-09-30

Applicant: John E. Traina ,  William G. Moul

Inventor： John E. Traina ,  William G. Moul

IPC: G01F1/46

CPC classification number: G01F1/46

Abstract: A method of measuring fluid flow through a conduit first finds a null position then rotates the probe 90.degree. from the null position to be aligned with the true flow direction of the field. The null position is found by incremental movement of the probe through selected angles. At each position a differential pressure reading is taken. These readings are then compared to determine subsequent incremental movements to identify an approximate null position. The true null position is found from the approximate null by applying at least squares fit to differential pressure readings taken within a range, preferably +/-5.degree., around the approximate null. The probe is then rotated 90.degree. from the null position. A plurality of differential pressure readings are taken and the square root of each such reading is found. An average of those square roots is multiplied by a predetermined constant to find the flow rate.

Abstract translation: 测量通过导管的流体流动的方法首先找到空位，然后使探针90°从零位置旋转以与场的真实流动方向对齐。 通过探头通过选定角度的增量移动找到空位。 在每个位置进行差压读数。 然后比较这些读数以确定随后的增量运动以识别近似的零位置。 通过对近似为零的范围内的差压读数进行至少平方拟合，优选为+/- 5°，从近似为零找到真正的零位。 然后将探头从零位置旋转90°。 取多个差压读数，并且找到每个这样的读数的平方根。 将这些平方根的平均值乘以预定常数以找到流量。