Abstract:
The present invention relates to an electrical resistor (1), in particular for measuring alternating currents of high frequency, comprising connectors (2, 3) for feeding the current to be measured and connectors (4, 5) for tapping the voltage to be measured and having a layered structure including at least one resistive layer (10), a return conducting layer (11) and any possibly provided insulating layers (7, 12, 21, 22, 24). To obtain a measuring resistance having a particularly good frequency response, a high long-term stability and an efficient cooling and which, moreover, is inexpensive to produce, it is provided for the resistive layer (10) together with the return conducting layer (11) and the possible insulating layers (7, 12, 21, 22, 24) to be part of a multilayered printed circuit board and to comprise a plurality of conductive tracks (14) extending from a central region of the resistive layer (10) towards outside. Preferably, the return conducting layer (11) comprises conductive tracks (15) of the same geometrical shape as the conductive tracks (14) of the resistive layer (10).
Abstract:
An extra-low-voltage heating system that produces a reduced magnetic field and which uses three insulated copper wires, or equivalents, as heating elements. Its low operating temperature, robustness and safety enable the system to be installed, for example, in floors and walls for the general heating of buildings, and in outdoor pavements, for snow-melting purposes, etc. The single-phase feeder busbars are configured to reduce the magnetic field around the feeder. A monitoring network continually checks the integrity of the heating system.
Abstract:
A zig-zag pattern is formed from a sheet of resistance material, such as manganin or a nickel chrome alloy, preferably by providing parallel slots alternately extending from opposite edges of the sheet and evenly spaced from one another and the patterned sheet is folded back upon itself and separated by sheets of insulating material so that the patterned areas of the opposed folded portions are superimposed upon one another and current flowing through the resistance pattern will be flowing in opposite directions on opposite sides of the insulating material, thus cancelling out inductive effects and providing a resistance standard with an essentially pure resistance characteristic.