公开(公告)号：WO1997041458A1

公开(公告)日：1997-11-06

申请号：PCT/US1997007017

申请日：1997-04-25

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  GERSHENFELD, Neil ,  SMITH, Joshua, R.

IPC: G01V03/08

CPC classification number: H03K17/955 ,  B60N2/002 ,  B60N2/28 ,  B60N2/286 ,  B60N2/2863 ,  B60R21/01532 ,  B60R21/01556 ,  G01B7/003 ,  G01B7/004 ,  G01D5/24 ,  G01D5/2405 ,  G01V3/088 ,  G06F3/044 ,  H03K2217/960775

Abstract: A quasi-electrostatic sensing system surrounds an electrically conductive mass with an electric field, the magnitude of which is sensed at one or more locations to resolve a property of interest concerning the mass. The object intercepts a part of the electric field extending bewteen the AC-coupled "sending" electrode and the other "receiving" electrodes, the amount of the field intercepted depending on the size and orientation of the sensed mass, whether or not the mass provides a grounding path, and the geometry of the distributed electrodes. Because the response of the field to an object is a complex nonlinear function, adding electrodes can always distinguish among more cases. In other words, each electrode represents an independent weighting of the mass within the field; adding an electrode provides information regarding that mass that is not redundant to the information provided by the other electrodes. A "forward model" that relates the behavior of the system to variations in the property to be measured is established, and "inversion" of this model facilitates recovery of the property based on system behavior. The invention is amenable to a wide variety of usages including the detection of user positions and gestures as a means of conveying two- and/or three-dimensional information to, for example, computers, appliances, televisions, furniture, etc.; provision of data input or instructional commands to a device; or sensing of proximity to a reference object for security purposes, to warn of danger, or to conserve energy by witholding power until a potential user approaches the object.

Abstract translation: 准静电感测系统围绕具有电场的导电块，其大小在一个或多个位置处被感测以解决关于质量的感兴趣的属性。 物体截取电弧的一部分，该电场在交流耦合的“发送”电极和另一个“接收”电极之间延伸，取决于感测质量块的大小和取向所截取的磁场的量，质量是否提供 接地路径和分布电极的几何形状。 因为场对物体的响应是一个复杂的非线性函数，所以添加电极总是可以区分更多的情况。 换句话说，每个电极代表场内质量的独立权重; 添加电极提供关于该质量的信息，该信息对于由其它电极提供的信息不是冗余的。 建立了将系统的行为与要测量的属性变化相关联的“前向模型”，该模型的“反转”有助于基于系统行为的属性恢复。 本发明适用于各种用途，包括检测用户位置和手势，作为将二维和/或三维信息传送到例如计算机，电器，电视机，家具等的手段; 向设备提供数据输入或指令命令; 或为了安全目的感测到参考物体的接近度，警告危险，或通过维持电力来节省能量，直到潜在用户接近物体。

公开(公告)号：WO1996036134A1

公开(公告)日：1996-11-14

申请号：PCT/US1996006077

申请日：1996-05-01

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  GERSHENFELD, Neil ,  ZIMMERMAN, Thomas ,  ALLPORT, David

IPC: H04B05/00

CPC classification number: G06F3/017 ,  G06F3/0346 ,  G06F3/044 ,  G06F3/046 ,  G06K7/10326 ,  G06K19/041 ,  G06K19/07749 ,  G06K19/07758 ,  G06K19/07788 ,  H04B5/0012 ,  H04B5/02 ,  H04B5/04 ,  H04B13/005 ,  Y02D70/26 ,  Y02D70/42

Abstract: A wireless system includes a transmitter (14) and a receiver (22) that are coupled through a user (10) and room ground (11). The transmitter produces low-frequency, low power signals that, through capacitive coupling, pass as displacement currents (13) into and from the body of the user. The shared room ground provides the return path for the current. The transmitter includes an inner electrode (18) and an outer electrode and a signal generator (16) that produces modulated signals, which vary the voltage between the electrodes. The inner electrode is closely coupled capacitively to the user's body such that the "quasi-electrostatic" field resulting from the electrode potential causes a displacement current to pass to the user's body. The outer electrode is oriented so that its coupling to the room ground is stronger than that of the inner electrode, such that room ground acts as a return path for the current from the receiver. The receiver similarly includes a pair of electrodes (24, 26), and also a detector/demodulator (28) that acquires and tracks the transmitted signal. One of the receiver electrodes (24) is closely coupled capacitively to the user's body such that displacement current that passes from the body passes to that electrode. The current then flows through detector circuitry to the other electrode(26), which is asymmetrically coupled capacitively to room ground, to complete the path for the current. The detector circuitry detects the current and operates in a conventional manner to recover the transmitted information therefrom. One or more receivers may be carried by other users or may be located in fixed positions around a room, and the return path can be a combination of air and earth ground. Accordingly, the user need not physically contact the receivers to pass information to them. Alternatively, the receivers may be mounted as an array on a computer screen, with the transmitter located on the keyboard.

Abstract translation: 无线系统包括通过用户（10）和房间地面（11）耦合的发射器（14）和接收器（22）。 发射机产生低频，低功率信号，通过电容耦合，通过作为位移电流（13）进入和离开用户的身体。 共享房间地面提供当前的返回路径。 发射机包括产生调制信号的内部电极（18）和外部电极以及信号发生器（16），该调制信号改变电极之间的电压。 内部电极与用户的身体电容紧密耦合，使得由电极电位产生的“准静电”场导致位移电流传递到使用者的身体。 外电极被定向成使得其与室内接地的耦合比内电极的耦合更强，使得房间地面用作来自接收器的电流的返回路径。 接收机类似地包括一对电极（24,26），以及一个获取和跟踪传输信号的检测器/解调器（28）。 接收器电极（24）中的一个被电容紧密地耦合到使用者的身体，使得从身体通过的位移电流通过该电极。 电流然后流过检测器电路到另一个电容（26），其不对称地耦合到室内地，以完成电流的路径。 检测器电路检测电流并以常规方式操作以从其恢复所发送的信息。 一个或多个接收器可以由其他用户携带或者可以位于房间周围的固定位置，并且返回路径可以是空气和地面的组合。 因此，用户不需要物理地接触接收器来传递信息给它们。 或者，接收器可以作为阵列安装在计算机屏幕上，其中发射器位于键盘上。

公开(公告)号：WO2021097382A1

公开(公告)日：2021-05-20

申请号：PCT/US2020/060630

申请日：2020-11-14

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： PATIL, Prashant ,  BANKS, Daniel ,  BAHRI, Salima ,  LANGFORD, Will ,  BLACKBURN, Camron ,  FREDIN, Zach ,  GRIFFIN, Robert ,  GERSHENFELD, Neil

IPC: B23K26/08 ,  B23K26/38 ,  B28D5/00 ,  B81C1/00

Abstract: A method for fabricating MAS NMR rotors and drive caps made of diamond to increase the maximum achievable spinning frequency and enhance MAS NMR sensitivity and resolution. Diamond is an excellent choice for making MAS NMR rotors due to its high tensile and flexural strength, however, micromachining diamond is difficult due to its hardness. Although laser cutting is often employed to cut diamond sheets, this process cannot be used to create the high aspect ratio and small features required for MAS NMR rotors. In the present invention, a laser micromachining process is used to create the desired high aspect ratio while maintaining the small lateral features. In this process, the laser is used to first convert the diamond into graphite followed by a conversion to carbon dioxide in the presence of oxygen. To create a rotor, a rectangular log has a center hole drilled by the laser, and is then micromachined into a hollow cylinder.

公开(公告)号：WO2021097337A1

公开(公告)日：2021-05-20

申请号：PCT/US2020/060573

申请日：2020-11-13

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： PATIL, Prashant ,  GERSHENFELD, Neil

IPC: H01H59/00 ,  H01H1/50

Abstract: A micro-electromechanical (MEM) relay and its fabrication process. The MEM relay includes a movable actuator electrode anchored to a substrate with two cantilever beams. Below the actuator electrode, there are three fixed electrodes. These three electrodes are the gate, the input, and the output contacts. The square base of the actuator electrode, and the square gate electrode below it, form an electrostatic parallel-plate actuator. When a voltage is applied between the actuator electrode and the gate electrode, the actuator electrode is pulled-down due to electrostatic attraction closing the relay. When the voltage is removed, the cantilever beams act as springs opening the relay.

公开(公告)号：WO2014012071A1

公开(公告)日：2014-01-16

申请号：PCT/US2013/050394

申请日：2013-07-12

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： FRACCHIA, Charles ,  GERSHENFELD, Neil ,  CHEUNG, Kenneth

IPC: C07H21/04

CPC classification number: C07H21/04

Abstract: In exemplary implementations of this invention, hierarchical, nanometer-precise assembly is performed: A first structural unit is attached to a solid substrate in a first fluidic flow. A second structural unit is attached to the first structural unit in a second fluidic flow, a third structural unit is attached to the second structural unit in a third fluidic flow, and so on, until a target structure comprising the structural units is assembled. The first, second, third and so on fluidic flows are separate and occur in order in a temporal sequence. During the temporal sequence, a specific permutation of nucleobases is used repeatedly, in separate fluidic flows which occur at different times, to form multiple attachments between structural units in an assembly. The assembled target structure is removed from the solid substrate. Attachments between the structural units may be formed by nucleobase pairing.

Abstract translation: 在本发明的示例性实施方案中，执行分级的纳米级精密组装：第一结构单元在第一流体流中连接到固体基底。 第二结构单元在第二流体流中附接到第一结构单元，第三结构单元以第三流体流连接到第二结构单元，等等，直到组装包括结构单元的目标结构。 流体流动的第一，第二，第三等等是分开的，并且以时间顺序依次发生。 在时间序列期间，重复地使用核碱基的特定排列，在不同时间发生的分离的流体流中，以在组件中的结构单元之间形成多个附着物。 组装的目标结构从固体基质上去除。 结构单元之间的附着可以通过核碱基配对形成。

公开(公告)号：WO2010033648A1

公开(公告)日：2010-03-25

申请号：PCT/US2009/057225

申请日：2009-09-16

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  DALRYMPLE, David, Allen ,  DEMAINE, Erik ,  GERSHENFELD, Neil ,  GREEN, Forrest ,  KNAIAN, Ara

Inventor： DALRYMPLE, David, Allen ,  DEMAINE, Erik ,  GERSHENFELD, Neil ,  GREEN, Forrest ,  KNAIAN, Ara

IPC: G06F15/00

CPC classification number: H03K19/17728 ,  G06F7/00

Abstract: A family of reconfigurable asynchronous logic elements that interact with their nearest neighbors permits reconfigurable implementation of circuits that are asynchronous at the bit level, rather than at the level of functional blocks. These elements pass information by means of tokens. Each cell is self-timed, and cells that are configured as interconnect perform at propagation delay speeds, so no hardware non-local connections are needed. A reconfigurable asynchronous logic element comprises a set of edges for communication with at least one neighboring cell, each edge having an input for receiving tokens from neighboring cells and an output for transferring tokens to at least one neighboring cell, circuitry configured to perform a logic operation utilizing received tokens as inputs and to produce an output token reflecting the result of the logic operation, and circuitry.

Abstract translation: 与其最近邻居交互的可重配置异步逻辑元件系列允许在位级别而不是在功能块级别上异步的电路的可重构实现。 这些元素通过令牌传递信息。 每个单元都是自定时的，配置为互连的单元以传播延迟速度执行，因此不需要硬件非本地连接。 可重新配置的异步逻辑元件包括用于与至少一个相邻小区进行通信的边缘集合，每个边缘具有用于从相邻小区接收令牌的输入和用于将令牌传送到至少一个相邻小区的输出，被配置为执行逻辑操作 利用接收到的令牌作为输入，并产生反映逻辑运算结果的输出令牌和电路。

公开(公告)号：WO2009137227A2

公开(公告)日：2009-11-12

申请号：PCT/US2009/040327

申请日：2009-04-13

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  GERSHENFELD, Neil ,  CHEN, Kailiang ,  LEU, Jonathan

Inventor： GERSHENFELD, Neil ,  CHEN, Kailiang ,  LEU, Jonathan

IPC: G06F7/57

CPC classification number: G06F7/388

Abstract: A distributed, reconfigurable statistical signal processing apparatus comprises an array of discrete-time analog signal processing circuitry for statistical signal processing based on a local message-passing algorithm and digital configuration circuitry for controlling the functional behavior of the array of analog circuitry. The input signal to the apparatus may be expressed as a probabilistic representation. The analog circuitry may comprise computational elements arranged in a network, with a receiving module that assigns probability values when an input signal arrives and communicates the probability values to one of the computational elements, the computational elements producing outputs based on the assigned probability values. The signal processing apparatus may be an analog logic automata cell or an array of cells, wherein each cell is able to communicate with all neighboring cells.

Abstract translation: 分布式可重新配置的统计信号处理装置包括用于基于本地消息传递算法的统计信号处理的离散时间模拟信号处理电路阵列和用于控制模拟电路阵列的功能行为的数字配置电路。 到装置的输入信号可以表示为概率表示。 模拟电路可以包括布置在网络中的计算元件，其中接收模块在输入信号到达时分配概率值，并将概率值传送到计算元件之一，计算元件基于分配的概率值产生输出。 信号处理装置可以是模拟逻辑自动机单元或单元阵列，其中每个单元能够与所有相邻单元进行通信。

公开(公告)号：WO2016179441A1

公开(公告)日：2016-11-10

申请号：PCT/US2016/031069

申请日：2016-05-05

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： CARNEY, Matthew ,  JENETT, Benjamin ,  GERSHENFELD, Neil

IPC: E04B1/19 ,  B21D47/00 ,  E04B1/18 ,  E04C3/00 ,  E04C3/02 ,  E04H12/10

CPC classification number: E04C3/02 ,  B23P19/04 ,  B23P2700/01 ,  B64C1/068 ,  E04B1/19

Abstract: A set of machines and related systems build structures by the additive assembly of discrete parts. These digital material assemblies constrain the constituent parts to a discrete set of possible positions and orientations. In doing so, the structures exhibit many of the properties inherent in digital communication such as error correction, fault tolerance and allow the assembly of precise structures with comparatively imprecise tools. Assembly of discrete cellular lattices by a Modular Isotropic Lattice Extruder System (MILES) is implemented by pulling strings of lattice elements through a forming die that enforces geometry constraints that lock the elements into a rigid structure that can then be pushed against and extruded out of the die as an assembled, loadbearing structure.

Abstract translation: 一组机器和相关系统通过分立部件的添加组件构建结构。 这些数字材料组件将组成部分约束成一组可能的位置和取向。 在这样做时，结构显示出数字通信中固有的许多属性，如纠错，容错，并允许使用相对不精确的工具组装精确的结构。 通过模块化各向同性晶格挤出机系统（MILES）组装离散的蜂窝状晶格是通过将成形模具拉出的格子元素串来实现的，该成形模具实现了将元件锁定到刚性结构中的几何约束， 作为组装的承重结构。

公开(公告)号：WO2016179435A1

公开(公告)日：2016-11-10

申请号：PCT/US2016/031058

申请日：2016-05-05

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： LANGFORD, William ,  GHASSAEI, Amanda ,  GERSHENFELD, Neil

IPC: B25J9/16

CPC classification number: B25J9/1687 ,  B25J9/0084 ,  B25J9/08 ,  G05B19/042 ,  G05B2219/40261

Abstract: A machine that is capable of assembling a copy of itself from a feedstock of parts is described. The machine operates on a lattice or grid on which it is able to move and from which it receives power and control signals. The machine (assembler) is composed of modules that each perform some functionality. In the simplest case, only three module types are needed: a linear step module, a gripper, and an anchor. The linear step module is capable of moving from one lattice location to the next, the gripper module is capable of gripping other modules, and the anchor module is capable of attaching the machine to the grid. With these three primitives it is possible for this simple machine to move on the grid using inchworm-like motions, pick up other modules, and assemble a copy of itself.

Abstract translation: 描述了能够从部件原料组装自身的副本的机器。 机器在能够移动的格子或栅格上操作，并且从其接收电力和控制信号。 机器（汇编器）由每个执行一些功能的模块组成。 在最简单的情况下，只需要三种模块类型：线性步进模块，夹具和锚。 线性步进模块能够从一个格子位置移动到另一个格子位置，夹持器模块能够夹持其他模块，锚模块能够将机器连接到网格上。 使用这三个原语，这个简单的机器可以使用类似蚯蚓的动作在网格上移动，拾取其他模块，并组装自己的副本。

公开(公告)号：WO2016172452A1

公开(公告)日：2016-10-27

申请号：PCT/US2016/028806

申请日：2016-04-22

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： LANGFORD, William ,  CARNEY, Matthew ,  JENETT, Benjamin ,  GERSHENFELD, Neil

IPC: G06F17/50 ,  H01L21/673

CPC classification number: B25J9/1687 ,  B23P19/04 ,  B25J5/02 ,  B29C64/00 ,  B33Y10/00 ,  B33Y30/00 ,  G01L5/0085 ,  G05B19/402 ,  G05B2219/45064 ,  G05B2219/49023 ,  G06F17/50 ,  Y10S901/09

Abstract: An alternative to additive manufacturing is disclosed, introducing an end-to-end workflow in which discrete building blocks are reversibly joined to produce assemblies called digital materials. Described is the design of the bulk-material building blocks and the devices that are assembled from them. Detailed is the design and implementation of an automated assembler, which takes advantage of the digital material structure to avoid positioning errors within a large tolerance. To generate assembly sequences, a novel CAD/CAM workflow is described for designing, simulating, and assembling digital materials. The structures assembled using this process have been evaluated, showing that the joints perform well under varying conditions and that the assembled structures are functionally precise.

Abstract translation: 公开了添加剂制造的替代方案，引入了端到端工作流程，其中分立的构建块可逆地连接以产生称为数字材料的组件。 描述了散装材料构造块和从它们组装的装置的设计。 详细的是自动汇编器的设计和实现，其利用数字材料结构来避免在大容差内的定位误差。 为了生成装配序列，描述了一种新颖的CAD / CAM工作流程，用于设计，模拟和组装数字材料。 已经评估了使用该方法组装的结构，显示了接头在不同条件下表现良好并且组装的结构在功能上是精确的。