公开(公告)号：WO1998018494A1

公开(公告)日：1998-05-07

申请号：PCT/US1997019257

申请日：1997-10-27

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  MERRILL, Edward, W. ,  YEN, Diane, Rintzler ,  SAGAR, Ambuj

IPC: A61K47/48

CPC classification number: B82Y5/00 ,  A61K47/6949 ,  C08G65/329 ,  C08G81/025 ,  C08G83/003

Abstract: Methods are provided for the synthesis of poly(ethylene oxide) ("PEO") star macromolecules including functionalizable groups. In one embodiment, a core molecule including a plurality of dendritic branches or having a comb structure, and including a plurality of accessible reactive groups is reacted with functionalizable poly(ethylene oxide) ("PEO") molecules. The functionalizable poly(ethylene oxide) molecules include a reactive group capable of reacting with the reactive group on the core molecule, and a functionalizable group capable of being chemically modified, which optionally is protected. In the reaction, the PEO molecules are covalently attached to the core molecule, to form a PEO star macromolecule with terminal functionalizable groups. Preferably, the functionalizable PEO is a heterofunctional linear PEO which includes the reactive group at one terminus and the functionalizable group at the other terminus. The functionalizable groups on the PEO molecules then may be deprotected if necessary, and the further derivatized, for example, by the attachment of a biologically active molecule or polymer thereof.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于合成包含可官能化基团的聚（环氧乙烷）（“PEO”）星型大分子的方法。 在一个实施方案中，包含多个树枝状枝或具有梳结构并且包括多个可接触的反应性基团的核心分子与可官能化的聚（环氧乙烷）（“PEO”）分子反应。 可官能化的聚（环氧乙烷）分子包括能够与芯分子上的反应性基团反应的反应性基团和能够被化学改性的可官能化基团，其任选被保护。 在反应中，PEO分子共价连接到核心分子上，形成具有末端官能团的PEO星型大分子。 优选地，可官能化PEO是异功能线性PEO，其包括一个末端的反应性基团和另一个末端的可官能化基团。 如果需要，PEO分子上的可官能化基团可以被去保护，并且例如通过附着生物活性分子或其聚合物进一步衍生化。

公开(公告)号：WO1998015515A1

公开(公告)日：1998-04-16

申请号：PCT/US1997018719

申请日：1997-10-10

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  BUCHWALD, Stephen, L. ,  WOLFE, John, P. ,  PALUCKI, Michael

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

IPC: C07C43/20

CPC classification number: C07D307/79 ,  C07C41/16 ,  C07C253/30 ,  C07C2601/08 ,  C07C2601/16 ,  C07C2603/24 ,  C07D309/12 ,  C07D311/58 ,  C07D311/82 ,  C07D311/94 ,  C07D313/08 ,  C07C255/54 ,  C07C43/225 ,  C07C43/205 ,  C07C43/235

Abstract: A method for preparing an aryl ether compound is provided in which an alcohol is reacted with an aromatic compound in the presence of a base, and a transition metal catalyst to form an aryl ether.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种芳基醚化合物的制备方法，其中醇与芳族化合物在碱的存在下和过渡金属催化剂反应形成芳基醚。

公开(公告)号：WO1998009334A1

公开(公告)日：1998-03-05

申请号：PCT/US1997014638

申请日：1997-08-20

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  REICH, Robert, K. ,  SAVOYE, Eugene, D. ,  KOSICKI, Bernard, B.

IPC: H01L27/148

CPC classification number: H01L29/76833 ,  H01L27/1464 ,  H01L31/1126

Abstract: A charge modulation device having a semiconductor region of a first conductivity type. An epitaxial layer of second conductivity type is provided on a portion of the semiconductor region so as to define an FET channel region. A first epitaxial region of the second conductivity type is provided adjacent to and in contact with the epitaxial layer so as to define an FET drain region, the first epitaxial region being electrically isolated from the semiconductor region. A second epitaxial region of the second conductivity type is provided adjacent to and in contact with the epitaxial layer so as to define an FET source region, the second epitaxial region being electrically isolated from the semiconductor region. A third epitaxial region of the first conductivity type or a metal oxide semiconductor is provided to the channel region between the source and drain regions.

Abstract translation: 一种具有第一导电类型的半导体区域的电荷调制装置。 在半导体区域的一部分上设置第二导电类型的外延层，以限定FET沟道区。 第二导电类型的第一外延区域设置成与外延层相邻并与外延层接触，以便限定FET漏区，该第一外延区域与半导体区域电绝缘。 第二导电类型的第二外延区域被设置为与外延层相邻并与外延层接触，以限定FET源极区域，第二外延区域与半导体区域电隔离。 第一导电类型的第三外延区域或金属氧化物半导体被提供给源区和漏区之间的沟道区。

公开(公告)号：WO1998000698A1

公开(公告)日：1998-01-08

申请号：PCT/US1997011689

申请日：1997-06-30

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  FINOT, Marc ,  KESLER, Olivera ,  SURESH, Subra

IPC: G01N03/20

CPC classification number: G01N3/20 ,  B33Y80/00

Abstract: A technique for determining properties such as Young's modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, and residual stress of individual layers within a multi-layered sample is presented. The technique involves preparation of a series of samples, each including one additional layer relative to the preceding sample. By comparison of each sample to a preceding sample, properties of the topmost layer can be determined, and residual stress at any depth in each sample, resulting from deposition of the top layer, can be determined.

Abstract translation: 提出了一种用于确定多层样品中各层的性能如杨氏模量，热膨胀系数和残余应力的技术。 该技术包括制备一系列样品，每个样品相对于前述样品包括一个附加层。 通过比较每个样品与前一个样品，可以确定最上层的性质，并且可以确定由顶层沉积产生的每个样品中任何深度的残余应力。

公开(公告)号：WO1997046998A1

公开(公告)日：1997-12-11

申请号：PCT/US1997009267

申请日：1997-06-02

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  GLASS, James, Robert

IPC: G10L03/00

CPC classification number: G10L15/04 ,  G10L15/10 ,  G10L2015/022

Abstract: A feature-based speech recognizer having a probabilistic linguistic processor provides word matching based on the entire space of feature vectors. In this manner, the errors and inaccuracies associated with the heretofore known feature-based speech recognizers, which provided word matching on less than the entire space of feature vectors, are overcome, thereby resulting in improved-accuracy speech recognition. The word matching may be on feature vectors computed either from segments or from landmarks or from both segments and landmarks. For word matching on segment-based feature vectors, acoustic likelihoods may be normalized by extra-acoustic likelihoods defined by at least one extra-acoustic ("not" or "anti") model. Context-dependent and context-independent acoustic models may be employed.

Abstract translation: 具有概率语言处理器的基于特征的语音识别器基于特征向量的整个空间提供词匹配。 以这种方式，克服了与以前已知的基于特征的语音识别器相关联的误差和不准确性，其提供小于特征向量的整个空间的字匹配，由此导致改进的精度语音识别。 词匹配可以是从段或从地标或从段和地标计算的特征向量。 对于基于段的特征向量的字匹配，声学似然性可以通过由至少一个超声（“非”或“反”）模型限定的超声可能性进行归一化。 可以使用与上下文有关的和与上下文无关的声学模型。

公开(公告)号：WO1997045773A1

公开(公告)日：1997-12-04

申请号：PCT/US1997009005

申请日：1997-05-28

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  EVERETT, Patrick, N. ,  MOON, Euclid, Eberle ,  SMITH, Henry, I.

IPC: G03F09/00

CPC classification number: G03F9/70 ,  G01B9/02043 ,  G01B9/02072 ,  G01B9/02078 ,  G01B9/0209 ,  G01B2290/30

Abstract: Alignment marks on first and second plates include a plurality of periodic gratings. A grating on a first plate has a period or pitch p1 paired up with a grating on the second plate that has a slightly different period p2. A grating on the first plate having a period p3 is paired up with a grating on the second plate having a slightly different period p4. Illuminating the gratings produces a first interference pattern characterized by a first interference phase where beams diffracted from the first and second gratings overlap and a second interference pattern characterized by a second interference phase where beams diffracted from the third and fourth gratings overlap. The plates are moved until the difference between the first and second interference phases correspond to a predetermined interference phase difference. Further invention uses an interrupted-grating pattern on the second plate with certain advantages. Further advantages are obtained using a checkerboard pattern on the second plate. In addition two inventions are made for measuring gap. One method uses the same marks on the second plate as used in aligning, and the second uses no marks on the second plate, which is an advantage in some cases.

Abstract translation: 第一和第二板上的对准标记包括多个周期性光栅。 第一板上的光栅具有与第二板上的光栅成对的周期或间距p1，其具有稍微不同的周期p2。 具有周期p3的第一板上的光栅与第二板上的光栅配对，具有稍微不同的周期p4。 照亮光栅产生第一干涉图案，其特征在于第一干涉相位，其中从第一和第二光栅衍射的光束重叠，以及第二干涉图案，其特征在于第二干涉相位，其中从第三和第四光栅衍射的光束重叠。 板移动直到第一和第二干涉相位之间的差对应于预定的干涉相位差。 另外，本发明使用了具有某些优点的第二板上的中断光栅图案。 使用第二板上的棋盘图案获得更多的优点。 另外还有两个发明用于测量差距。 一种方法在对准中使用与第二板相同的标记，而第二板在第二板上不使用标记，这在某些情况下是有利的。

公开(公告)号：WO1997045755A1

公开(公告)日：1997-12-04

申请号：PCT/US1997009498

申请日：1997-05-30

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  LANZA, Richard, C.

IPC: G01T01/29

CPC classification number: G01V5/0069 ,  G01N23/204 ,  G01N23/22 ,  G01T1/295

Abstract: This invention provides coded aperture (16) imaging apparatus and methods for the detection and imaging of radiation which results from nuclear interrogation of a target object (24). The apparatus includes: 1) a radiation detector (18) for detecting at least a portion of the radiation emitted by the object in response to nuclear excitation and for producing detection signals responsive to the radiation; 2) a coded aperture (16) disposed between the detector and the object such that emitted radiation is detected by the detector after passage through the coded aperture; and 3) a data processor (20) for characterizing the object based upon the detection signals from the detector and upon the configuration of the coded aperture. The method includes the steps of: 1) disposing a coded aperture in selected proximity to the object; 2) bombarding the object with an interrogation beam (14) from a source of excitation energy (12); 3) detecting, with a detector, at least a portion of the radiation emitted in response to the interrogation beam, the detector producing detection signals responsive to the radiation, the detector being disposed so that the coded aperture is between the detector and the object and such that emitted radiation is detected by the detector after passage through the coded aperture; and 4) processing the detection signals to characterize the object based upon radiation detected by the detector after passage through the coded aperture, and based upon the configuration of the coded aperture.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了编码孔径（16）成像设备和用于由目标对象（24）的核询问产生的辐射的检测和成像的方法。 该装置包括：1）辐射检测器（18），用于响应于核激励而检测物体发射的辐射的至少一部分，并产生响应于辐射的检测信号; 2）设置在检测器和物体之间的编码孔径（16），使得在通过编码孔径之后检测器发射的辐射被检测; 以及3）用于基于来自检测器的检测信号和编码孔径的配置来表征物体的数据处理器（20）。 该方法包括以下步骤：1）将选定的编码孔径布置在物体附近; 2）用来自激发能源（12）的询问光束（14）轰击物体; 3）利用检测器检测响应于询问光束发射的辐射的至少一部分，检测器产生响应于辐射的检测信号，检测器被布置成使得编码孔径在检测器和物体之间，并且 使得发射的辐射在通过编码孔径之后由检测器检测; 以及4）根据经过编码孔径的检测器检测到的辐射，并且基于编码孔径的配置，处理检测信号以表征物体。

公开(公告)号：WO1997041856A1

公开(公告)日：1997-11-13

申请号：PCT/US1997007792

申请日：1997-05-07

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL, INC.

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL, INC. ,  LANSBURY, Peter, T., Jr. ,  HAN, Hogyu ,  CHO, Cheon-Gyu ,  ZHEN, Weiguo ,  HARPER, James, D. ,  DAVISON, Alan

IPC: A61K31/44

CPC classification number: C07F13/005 ,  A61K49/06 ,  A61K51/0478 ,  A61K51/0482 ,  A61K2123/00 ,  C07B59/002

Abstract: Novel organometallic compounds for binding amyloid are described. Methods using such compounds for determining by imaging the localization or quantification of amyloid fibrils in a mammal, for diagnosing the degree of progression of Alzheimer's disease in a mammal, for monitoring the response to therapy in a mammal having Alzheimer's disease, for identifying an agent useful for treating Alzheimer's disease, for treating Alzheimer's disease, and for detecting the presence of the infectious form of the prion protein, are also described.

Abstract translation: 描述了用于结合淀粉样蛋白的新型有机金属化合物。 使用这些化合物来测定哺乳动物淀粉样蛋白原纤维的定位或定量的方法，用于诊断哺乳动物中阿尔茨海默病的进展程度，用于监测具有阿尔茨海默病的哺乳动物的治疗反应，用于鉴定有用的药剂 还描述了用于治疗阿尔茨海默病，用于治疗阿尔茨海默病和检测朊病毒蛋白的感染形式的存在。

公开(公告)号：WO1997040435A2

公开(公告)日：1997-10-30

申请号：PCT/US1997006250

申请日：1997-04-15

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  DUBOWSKY, Steven ,  MOREL, Guillaume

IPC: G05D00/00

CPC classification number: B25J9/1628 ,  G05B2219/40582 ,  G05B2219/40599

Abstract: An elegant, cost-effective apparatus and method is disclosed for compensating the effect of joint friction in manipulators. The invention uses a six axis wrench sensor (also called a force/torque sensor) mounted between the manipulator and a reference body upon which it is supported. From the base wrench measurements, for rotary joints, the joint torques are estimated. The estimations apparatus uses Newton-Euler relations of successive link bodies. The estimated torque is fed back through a torque controller, that virtually eliminates friction and gravity effects. A position control loop encloses the torque controller and provides it with desired torques computed from measured position errors. For linear joints, appropriate forces are estimated. Coupled to link position sensors and the wrench sensor, is a gravity compensator, which generates a dynamic wrench signal that corresponds to the gravity compensated dynamic component of the base wrench signal, based on the position signals and the base wrench signal. Coupled to the gravity compensator and the position sensors is a joint analyzer, which generates a signal that corresponds to the gravity compensated torque that is actually applied to the link at the rotary joint, based on the dynamic wrench signal and the position signals. Both torques at rotary joints and forces at linear joints are estimated by the apparatus. Multiple and single joint manipulators can be evaluated. The achieved precision is substantially greater than for conventional methods and approaches the resolution of the Puma's encoders.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种优雅，成本有效的装置和方法来补偿机械手中的联合摩擦的影响。 本发明使用六轴扳手传感器（也称为力/扭矩传感器），其安装在操纵器和支撑在其上的参考体之间。 从基础扳手测量，对于旋转接头，估计接头扭矩。 估计装置使用连续链接体的牛顿 - 欧拉关系。 估计的扭矩通过扭矩控制器反馈，实际上消除了摩擦和重力作用。 位置控制回路包围扭矩控制器，并向其提供从测量位置误差计算出的所需转矩。 对于线性关节，估计适当的力。 耦合到链接位置传感器和扳手传感器，是重力补偿器，其基于位置信号和基准扳手信号产生对应于基础扳手信号的重力补偿动态分量的动态扳手信号。 耦合到重力补偿器并且位置传感器是联合分析器，其基于动态扳手信号和位置信号产生对应于实际施加到旋转接头处的连杆的重力补偿转矩的信号。 旋转接头处的扭矩和直线接头处的力均由设备估计。 可以评估多个和单个关节操纵器。 实现的精度比传统方法大得多，并且可以实现Puma编码器的分辨率。

公开(公告)号：WO1997039715A1

公开(公告)日：1997-10-30

申请号：PCT/US1997006715

申请日：1997-04-21

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  ASADA, Haruhiko, H. ,  MASCARO, Stephen ,  SPANO, Joseph

IPC: A61G12/00

CPC classification number: A61G7/053 ,  A61G5/046 ,  A61G5/1002 ,  A61G7/165 ,  A61G2203/723 ,  G05B2219/39349 ,  G05B2219/40032 ,  G05D1/0225 ,  G05D1/0272 ,  G05D2201/0206

Abstract: A hybrid personal vehicle capable of holonomic omni-directional self-locomotion. The vehicle may be programmed to navigate to a specified location in a crowded household environment. Additionally, sensors are provided for accurate docking and tight mating with fixtures such as a toilet or bed. A controller determines a docking trajectory to a specified fixture and behaves with arbitrary stiffness in each degree of freedom about a determined center of compliance.

Abstract translation: 一种混合型个人车辆，具有全方位的全方位自行运动。 车辆可以被编程以导航到拥挤的家庭环境中的指定位置。 另外，传感器被提供用于精确对接和与诸如马桶或床的固定装置紧密配合。 控制器确定到指定的夹具的对接轨迹，并且在关于确定的柔量中心的每个自由度中以任意的刚度表现。