Abstract:
A photoreactive composition comprises (a) at least one reactive species that is capable of undergoing an acid- or radical-initiated chemical reaction; and (b) a photoinitiator system comprising photochemically-effective amounts of (1) at least one type of semiconductor nanoparticle quantum dot that has at least one electronic excited state that is accessible by absorption of two or more photons, and (2) a composition, different from said reactive species, that is capable of interacting with the excited state of the semiconductor nanoparticle quantum dot to form at least one reaction-initiating species.
Abstract:
A multilayer imageable article with at least two layers including a multiphoton imageable composition. The composition includes a multiphoton-sensitive photoactive system and at least one of a dye and a dye precursor. The photoactive system includes a multiphoton sensitizer capable of simultaneously absorbing at least two photons, an electron acceptor capable of transformation to a dye-activating species upon interaction with the multiphoton sensitizer subsequent to absorption of at least two photons, and optionally an electron donor.
Abstract:
Methods of fabricating optical elements that are encapsulated in monolithic matrices. The present invention is based, at least in one aspect, upon the concept of using multiphoton, multi-step photocuring to fabricate encapsulated optical element(s) within a body of a photopolymerizable composition. Imagewise, multi-photon polymerization techniques are used to form the optical element. The body surrounding the optical element is also photohardened by blanket irradiation and/or thermal curing to help form an encapsulating structure. In addition, the composition also incorporates one or more other, non-diffusing binder components that may be thermosetting or thermoplastic. The end result is an encapsulated structure with good hardness, durability, dimensional stability, resilience, and toughness.
Abstract:
A method of increasing the efficiency of a multiphoton absorption process and apparatus. The method includes: providing a photoreactive composition; providing a source of sufficient light for simultaneous absorption of at least two photons; exposing the photoreactive composition to at least one transit of light from the light source; and directing at least a portion of the first transit of the light back into the photoreactive composition using at least one optical element, wherein a plurality of photons not absorbed in at least one transit are used to expose the photoreactive composition in a subsequent transit.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus wherein small, two- or three-dimensional structures are formed by multiple-photon-absorbed photopolymerization and/or cross-linking of a precursor composition, that is, photopolymerization using multi-photon excitation. Use of multi-photon excitation allows fabrication of structures and structural features having at least one dimension of less than about 1 micron, preferably less than about 500 nm, more preferably less than about 250 nm, and most preferably of less than about 100 nm, in bulk phase as well as in solution, and from a wide variety of organic and inorganic precursor subunits, including synthetic polymers and biological polymers such as proteins, lipids, oligonucleotides, and the like.
Abstract:
Eine Belichteroptik (20) dient als Aus- und/oder Nachrüstoptik für eine Vorrichtung (1) zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objektes (2) durch selektives schichtweises Verfestigen von Aufbaumaterial (15) an dem Querschnitt des herzustellenden Objektes (2) in der jeweiligen Schicht entsprechenden Stellen mittels Einwirkung elektromagnetischer Strahlung (22). Die Vorrichtung umfasst eine Strahlungsquelle (21), welche in der Lage ist, eine elektromagnetische Strahlung (22) auszusenden, die geeignet ist, beim Auftreffen auf die dem Querschnitt des herzustellenden Objektes (2) entsprechenden Stellen einer in einer Arbeitsfläche (7) der Vorrichtung (1) aufgebrachten Schicht des Aufbaumaterials (15) die Verfestigung des Aufbaumaterials (15) an diesen Stellen zu bewirken. Die Belichteroptik (20) umfasst zumindest ein erstes objektseitiges Linsensystem (23) mit einer ersten Brennweite f 1 und ein zweites bildseitiges Linsensystem (24) mit einer zweiten Brennweite f 2 , welche in dem Strahlengang der von der Strahlungsquelle (21) ausgesandten Strahlung (22) anordbar sind. Die Brennebene des ersten Linsensystems (23) und die Brennebene des zweiten Linsensystems (24) fallen in einer Ebene zwischen den beiden Linsensystemen zusammen. Die Brennweite f 1 des ersten Linsensystems (23) ist gleich groß oder größer als die Brennweite f 2 des zweiten Linsensystems (24). Die Belichteroptik (20) ist so ausgebildet und anordbar, dass die elektromagnetische Strahlung (22) im Wesentlichen senkrecht auf die Arbeitsfläche (7) auftrifft.
Abstract:
According to various embodiments, there is provided a photolithography method including providing a first nanostructure on a first substrate; arranging the first substrate over a second substrate; illuminating the first nanostructure to melt the first nanostructure; transferring the first nanostructure to the second substrate to form a second nanostructure on the second substrate; arranging the second substrate over a masking layer such that the masking layer is in the near-field enhancement region of the second nanostructure; and illuminating the second nanostructure to melt a localized part of the masking layer underneath the second nanostructure, to form a hole in the masking layer.