公开(公告)号：WO1981003130A1

公开(公告)日：1981-11-12

申请号：PCT/SU1980000076

申请日：1980-05-05

Applicant: INST NEFTEKHIMICHESKOGO SINTEZA SSSR ,  KOLBANOVSKY Y ,  TSAGARELI R ,  SHCHIPACHEV V

Inventor： INST NEFTEKHIMICHESKOGO SINTEZA SSSR

IPC: B01J03/00

CPC classification number: B01J3/08 ,  B01J3/002 ,  F01L25/063 ,  Y10T137/0396 ,  Y10T137/7761

Abstract: A method of controlling the inlet valves of a compression-type chemical reactor consists in continuously measuring, during the operation of the reactor (1), the pressure inside its working chambers (4, 5) and supply lines (7, 6) and in determining the sign of the pressure differential (//cP) between the said working chambers (4, 5) and the corresponding supply lines (7, 6). Upon change of sign of the pressure differential (//cP) from "minus" to "plus" a signal is formed for relieving the inlet valves (8, 9) from any controlling influence with the exception of the pressure differential, whereas upon change of sign of the pressure differential (//cP) from "plus" to "minus" a signal is sent for the start of counting a time interval (u), after the expiration of which a signal is formed for closing the inlet valves (8, 9) of the chemical reactor (1). A device for controlling the inlet valves of the compression-type chemical reactor comprises drives (10, 11) for the inlet valves (8, 9) of the chemical reactor (1), pressure sensors (14, 15, 16, 17) mounted inside the working chambers (4, 5) and supply lines (6, 7), comparators (18, 19) connected to the outputs of the sensors (14, 15, 16, 17), units (12, 13) for controlling the drives (10, 11), the inputs of those units being connected, through timers (20, 21), to the outputs of the comparators (18, 19) and their outputs to the drives (10, 11), and a chronometer (22) connected to one of the comparators (18, 19).

Abstract translation: 控制压缩式化学反应器的入口阀的方法包括：在反应器（1）运行期间连续地测量其工作室（4,5）和供应管线（6,7）内的压力 确定所述工作室（4,5）和相应的供应管线（6,7）之间的压差（// cP）的符号。 当将压力差（// cP）从“负”改变为“加号”时，形成一个信号，用于缓解进气阀（8,9）不受压差的任何控制影响，而在变化时 发送从“加”到“减”的压差（// cP）的信号用于开始计数时间间隔（u），在其到期之后形成关闭入口阀的信号（ 8），化学反应器（1）。 用于控制压缩式化学反应器的入口阀的装置包括用于化学反应器（1）的入口阀（8,9）的驱动器（10,11），安装有压力传感器（14,15,16,17） 在连接到传感器（14,15,16,17）的输出端的工作室（4,5）和供给管线（6,7）中的比较器（18,19）中，用于控制 驱动器（10,11），通过定时器（20,21）将这些单元的输入连接到比较器（18,19）的输出端，并将它们的输出连接到驱动器（10,11），以及计时器 22）连接到一个比较器（18,19）。

公开(公告)号：WO2017075536A1

公开(公告)日：2017-05-04

申请号：PCT/US2016/059581

申请日：2016-10-28

Applicant: CAMERON INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ,  KOCUREK, Chris

Inventor： KOCUREK, Chris

IPC: B01J3/08

CPC classification number: B01J19/24 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B01J19/0006 ,  B01J2219/00033 ,  B01J2219/00162 ,  B01J2219/1943 ,  B01J2219/24

Abstract: A process for the chemical conversion of a reactive feedstock mixture is provided, the process comprising providing an annular reaction chamber having an inlet end and an outlet end; charging to the annular reaction chamber a reactive feedstock to be converted; detonating the reactive feedstock mixture; allowing a detonation wave to propagate around the annular reaction chamber; introducing into the inlet end of the annular reaction chamber the reactive feedstock to maintain propagation of the detonation wave around the annular reaction chamber; allowing components within the reaction chamber to move from the inlet end towards the outlet end; and recovering from the outlet end of the annular reaction chamber the products of chemical conversion of the feedstock by the action of the detonation wave. An apparatus for the conversion of a reactive feedstock is also provided.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于反应性原料混合物的化学转化的方法，所述方法包括提供具有入口端和出口端的环形反应室; 向环形反应室充入待转化的反应原料; 引爆反应原料混合物; 允许爆轰波在环形反应室周围传播; 向环形反应室的入口端引入反应原料以维持爆震波在环形反应室周围的传播; 允许反应室内的组件从入口端向出口端移动; 并且从环形反应室的出口端回收通过起爆波的作用使原料化学转化的产物。 还提供了用于转化反应性原料的设备。

公开(公告)号：WO2014070419A3

公开(公告)日：2014-11-06

申请号：PCT/US2013064653

申请日：2013-10-11

Applicant: PHYSICAL SHOCKWAVE IND APPLIC LLC

Inventor： TANG ROBERT E

IPC: B01J3/08 ,  B01J4/00 ,  B01J19/10 ,  C07C1/04 ,  C07C17/26 ,  C07C29/152 ,  C07C29/159 ,  C07C29/32 ,  C07C29/34 ,  C07D301/04 ,  C07D301/10 ,  C07D301/22 ,  C08F114/06

CPC classification number: B01J19/10 ,  B01F5/0256 ,  B01F13/1016 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B01J4/002 ,  C07C1/0495 ,  C07C1/12 ,  C07C17/26 ,  C07C29/152 ,  C07C29/159 ,  C07C29/32 ,  C07C29/34 ,  C07D301/04 ,  C07D301/10 ,  C07D301/22 ,  C08F114/06 ,  Y02P30/42 ,  C07C31/04 ,  C07C31/08 ,  C07C19/045 ,  C07C11/04 ,  C07C9/06

Abstract: A novel process and apparatus is disclosed for performing chemical reactions. Highly compressed gaseous streams such as H2, CO, C02, H20, 02, or CH4 are raised to Mach speeds to form supersonic jets incorporating Shockwaves. Two or more such jets are physically collided together to form a localized reaction zone where the energy from the Shockwaves causes endothermic reactions wherein the chemical bonds of the reactant gases are broken. Between and among reactants molecular surface interaction and molecular surface chemistry take place. In the ensuing exothermic reactions a desired new chemical product is formed and this product is locked into a lower state of enthalpy (state of energy of formation) through adiabatic cooling by means of a free-jet expansion.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于进行化学反应的新颖方法和装置。 将高度压缩的气流如H2，CO，CO 2，H 2 O，O 2或CH 4升高到马赫速度以形成包含冲击波的超音速喷射。 两个或更多个这样的射流物理地碰撞在一起以形成局部反应区，其中来自冲击波的能量引起吸热反应，其中反应气体的化学键被破坏。 在反应物之间，发生分子表面相互作用和分子表面化学。 在随后的放热反应中，形成了期望的新化学产物，并且通过自由喷射膨胀通过绝热冷却将该产物锁定在较低的焓状态（形成能量状态）。

公开(公告)号：WO2013001527A1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-03

申请号：PCT/IL2012/000262

申请日：2012-06-26

Applicant: RAY TECHNIQUES LTD ,  ZOUSMAN, Boris

Inventor： ZOUSMAN, Boris

IPC: C01B31/06

CPC classification number: B01J3/08 ,  B01J19/121 ,  B01J2219/089 ,  C01B32/25

Abstract: Method and system for controlled nanodiamond synthesis based on treating of a specially prepared solid carbon source target including carbon containing material in liquid media by irradiation energy beam focused at a predetermined distance from the target surface and having parameters to produce a light-hydraulic effect impacting the target surface and leading to the forming of diamond nanocrystals.

Abstract translation: 基于通过在与目标表面预定距离聚焦的照射能量束在液体介质中处理包含含碳材料的特殊制备的固体碳源靶的方法和系统，并具有产生影响所述目标表面的轻液压效应的参数 目标表面，并导致形成金刚石纳米晶体。

公开(公告)号：WO2012125056A1

公开(公告)日：2012-09-20

申请号：PCT/RU2011/000164

申请日：2011-03-17

Applicant: МАКСИМОВ, Владимир Владимирович

Inventor： МАКСИМОВ, Владимир Владимирович

IPC: B01J3/08 ,  C01B31/00 ,  C01B31/06

CPC classification number: B01J3/08 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C01B32/05 ,  C01B32/152 ,  C01B32/25

Abstract: Изобретение относится к технологии получения аллотропных модификаций углерода и может быть использовано, в частности, для синтеза кристаллов алмазов, получения лонсдейлита, фуллеренов, стеклоуглерода и т.п. В способе получения аллотропных модификаций углерода, включающем электрическое воздействие на углерод в жидкой среде, в качестве электрического воздействия используют электрогидравлическую обработку полидисперсной системы, состоящей из жидкой дисперсионной среды и твердой дисперсной фазы. В качестве полидисперсной системы может быть использована ультрамикрогетерогенная система с размерами частиц дисперсной фазы 10 -7 - 10 -9 м. При этом в качестве дисперсионной среды может быть использована жидкость с водородным показателем (рН) в диапазоне от 6 до 9, в зависимости от конкретной величины которого определяется оптимальная величина мощности электрогидравлического удара. Отношение дисперсионной среды к твердой дисперсной фазе может составлять 50:50. Кроме того, электрогидравлическая обработка полидисперсной системы может осуществляться в присутствии катализатора, такого как железо, или никель, или родий, или палладий, или платина.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及用于生产碳素同素异形体改性的技术，特别可用于合成金刚石晶体，以及用于制备多孔钙石，富勒烯，玻璃碳等。在制备碳素同位素变体的方法中，该方法包括 碳作为液体介质中的电动作用，作为由液体分散介质和固体不连续相组成的多分散系统的电液处理的电动作用。 所使用的多分散系统可以是具有10-7-10-9m的不连续相粒子尺寸的超微异质系统。 此外，所使用的分散介质可以是pH值在6至9范围内的液体，这取决于确定电液冲击功率的最佳值的具体值。 分散介质与固体不连续相的比例可以为50:50。 此外，多分散系统的电液处理可以在催化剂如铁或镍，铑或钯或铂的存在下进行。

公开(公告)号：WO2009144665A4

公开(公告)日：2010-08-12

申请号：PCT/IB2009052205

申请日：2009-05-26

Applicant: CUF COMPANHIA UNIAO FABRIL SGP ,  CALADO DA SILVA JOAO MANUEL ,  DOS SANTOS ANTUNES ELSA MARISA

Inventor： CALADO DA SILVA JOAO MANUEL ,  DOS SANTOS ANTUNES ELSA MARISA

IPC: B01J3/08

CPC classification number: C04B35/6267 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C01B13/185 ,  C01B21/0724 ,  C01F7/162 ,  C01G49/08 ,  C01P2002/32 ,  C01P2002/60 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2006/10 ,  C01P2006/12 ,  C01P2006/60 ,  C04B35/04 ,  C04B35/105 ,  C04B35/119 ,  C04B35/26 ,  C04B35/265 ,  C04B35/443 ,  C04B35/45 ,  C04B35/581 ,  C04B35/62625 ,  C04B2235/3213 ,  C04B2235/3227 ,  C04B2235/3241 ,  C04B2235/401 ,  C04B2235/402 ,  C04B2235/443 ,  C04B2235/5409 ,  C04B2235/5454 ,  C04B2235/83

Abstract: The present invention concerns nanometric-sized ceramic materials in the form of multiple crystalline structures, composites, or solid solutions, the process for their synthesis, and uses thereof. These materials are mainly obtained by detonation of two water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, one of which is prepared with precursors in order to present a detonation regime with temperature lower than 2000°C, and they present a high chemical and crystalline phase homogeneity, individually for each particle, as well as a set of complementary properties adjustable according to the final applications, such as a homogeneous distribution of the primary particles, very high chemical purity level, crystallite size below 50 nm, surface areas by mass unit between 25 and 500 m2/g, and true particle densities higher than 98% of the theoretical density. This set of characteristics makes this materials particularly suitable for a vast range of applications in the nanotechnology field, such as, for example, nanocoatings, magnetic nanofluids, nanocatalysts, nanosensors, nanopigments, nanoadditives, ultra light nanocomposites, drug release nanoparticles, nanomarkers, nanometric films, etc.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及多晶体结构，复合材料或固溶体形式的纳米尺寸陶瓷材料，其合成方法及其用途。 这些材料主要通过爆炸两种油包水（W / O）乳液获得，其中一种乳液用前体制备，以提供温度低于2000℃的爆轰方案，并且它们呈现高的化学和 结晶相均匀性，以及根据最终应用可调整的一组互补性质，例如初级颗粒的均匀分布，非常高的化学纯度水平，低于50nm的微晶尺寸，表面积质量 单位为25-500m2 / g，真实颗粒密度高于理论密度的98％。 这种特性使得该材料特别适用于纳米技术领域的广泛应用，例如纳米涂层，磁性纳米流体，纳米催化剂，纳米传感器，纳米颗粒，纳米添加剂，超轻纳米复合材料，药物释放纳米颗粒，纳米标记物，纳米尺度 电影等

公开(公告)号：WO2010011709A2

公开(公告)日：2010-01-28

申请号：PCT/US2009051345

申请日：2009-07-22

Applicant: TXL GROUP INC ,  RUBIO EDWARD S ,  NEMIR DAVID C

Inventor： RUBIO EDWARD S ,  NEMIR DAVID C

IPC: H01L35/34 ,  B22F3/08

CPC classification number: H01L35/34 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B22F3/08 ,  B22F7/08

Abstract: The explosive consolidation of semiconductor powders results in thermoelectric materials having reduced thermal conductivity without a concurrent reduction in electrical conductivity and thereby allows the construction of thermoelectric generators having improved conversion efficiencies of heat energy to electrical energy.

Abstract translation: 半导体粉末的爆炸性固结导致热电材料具有降低的导热性，而不会导致电导率的同时降低，从而允许构建具有提高的热能转换效率至电能的热电发电机。

公开(公告)号：WO2005070532A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-04

申请号：PCT/GB2004/000259

申请日：2004-01-27

Applicant: MCGOWAN, Alan

Inventor： MCGOWAN, Alan

IPC: B01J10/00

CPC classification number: B01J3/08 ,  A61L2/0011 ,  A61L2/02 ,  A62D2203/10 ,  B01F5/0206 ,  B01J10/002 ,  B01J2219/0277 ,  C02F1/34 ,  C02F2301/066 ,  C02F2303/04

Abstract: Apparatus for the treatment of material comprises a confined volume for receiving the material, and a source of gas at elevated pressure communicable with the interior of the volume. A suitable source of gas is an airgun, or other apparatus capable of releasing a volume of gas at elevated pressure such as at least 1000psi. It is preferred that the source of gas is located within the confined volume. It is also preferred that the confined volume is a pressure vessel. Inlet an outlet valves will assist in loading and unloading material for treatment. Gate valves will further assist by closing when the volume is full. The invention is thus particularly useful in the destruction of chemical and biological agents, for the purification of contaminated water, and for the destruction of tropical and other larvae previously leading to diseases such as Nile Disease, malaria and the like.

Abstract translation: 用于处理材料的装置包括用于接收材料的限制容积，以及可与该体积内部连通的升高压力的气体源。 合适的气体来源是气枪或能够在升高的压力下释放一定体积的气体的其它装置，例如至少1000psi。 优选的是气体源位于限制体积内。 还优选的是，限制体积是压力容器。 进出口阀门将有助于装卸材料进行处理。 当阀门充满时，闸阀将进一步关闭。 因此，本发明特别可用于破坏化学和生物制剂，用于净化污染的水，以及用于破坏先前导致疾病如尼罗河病，疟疾等的热带和其他幼虫。

公开(公告)号：WO2004076594A2

公开(公告)日：2004-09-10

申请号：PCT/US2004/005139

申请日：2004-02-20

Applicant: MC INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH, INC.

Inventor： STICKNEY, Michael, J. ,  JONES, Edward, M., Jr. ,  CHANDRASEKHARIAH, Mallasetty, S.

IPC: C10G

CPC classification number: B01J3/042 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B01J12/007 ,  B01J19/0053 ,  B01J19/12 ,  B01J2208/00716 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C01B2203/00 ,  C01B2203/0255 ,  C01B2203/049 ,  C01B2203/0495 ,  C01B2203/0805 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0877 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  C01B2203/1276 ,  C01B2203/1282 ,  C01B2203/1604 ,  C01B2203/1628 ,  C01B2203/1676 ,  C01B2203/169

Abstract: A process is provided for conversion of a feedstock, in particular a hydrocarbon feedstock such as methane or natural gas, in which a reactive mixture containing the feedstock is prepared and fed to a reaction zone. A reaction is initiated in the reactive mixture within the reaction zone so as to generate a conversion wave of increased temperature and pressure. The conversion wave is allowed to pass through the reaction zone, from where converted feedstock is recovered. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also provided. The process operates with a high conversion and selectivity to desirable products and is particularly suitable for the conversion of methane to carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于转化原料，特别是烃原料如甲烷或天然气的方法，其中制备含有原料的反应混合物并将其进料至反应区。 在反应区内的反应混合物中开始反应，以产生升高的温度和压力的转化波。 允许转化波通过反应区，从其中回收转化的原料。 还提供了一种用于执行该过程的装置。 该方法以对所需产物的高转化率和选择性运行，并且特别适用于将甲烷转化为一氧化碳和氢气。

公开(公告)号：WO1994024427A1

公开(公告)日：1994-10-27

申请号：PCT/US1994004101

申请日：1994-04-14

Applicant: ADROIT SYSTEMS, INC.

Inventor： ADROIT SYSTEMS, INC. ,  BUSSING, Thomas, R., A.

IPC: F02C05/02

CPC classification number: F02K9/974 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B05B7/0006 ,  C23C4/126 ,  F01D5/288 ,  F02K7/06 ,  F02K7/075 ,  F02K9/972

Abstract: A pulse detonation engine is provided with several detonation combustors (10) selectively coupled to an air inlet (20) and fuel source (31) by a rotary valve (50). The rotary valve (50) isolates the steady operation of the air inlet (20) and fuel system (30) from the unsteady nature of the detonation process, and allows the fueling of some of the detonation chambers (10) while detonation occurs in the other detonation chambers (10). The fuel system (30) can use a solid fueled gas generator.

Abstract translation: 脉冲爆震发动机设置有通过旋转阀（50）选择性地联接到空气入口（20）和燃料源（31）的几个爆燃燃烧器（10）。 旋转阀（50）将空气入口（20）和燃料系统（30）的稳定操作与爆震过程的不稳定性质隔离，并且允许一些引爆室（10）的燃料加注，同时在 其他引爆室（10）。 燃料系统（30）可以使用固体燃料气体发生器。