Abstract:
Methods of the present invention are provided for forming a plurality of electrochemical cell layers, each cell layer generally including a pair of electrodes and a separator electrically insulating the pair of electrodes. Cells of a desired size are formed by slicing the laminar sheet through both opposing mayor surfaces. In certain embodiments, individual cells are defined by fill regions, filled with removable substances. Thus, when the cells are sliced, individual cells and in certain embodiments current collectors or conductors are exposed with minimal or no further processing. In other embodiments, fluid access channels or porous layers are filled with removable substances. Thus, when the cells are sliced, structural support is provided for the intended void regions.
Abstract:
Flow through capacitors (300) are described herein having improved capabilities. In general, asymmetric flow through capacitors are formed, increasing overall capacitance. The asymmetry may be accomplished by utilizing electrodes (310, 320) of different materials, different dimensions, or the same materials with different capacitance properties.
Abstract:
A device/system having an integrated refuelable and rechargable metal-air FCB based power supply unit for generating and providing electrical power to at least one electrical-energy-consuming load device disposed therein. An external power source is used to recharge the metal-air FCB subsystems embodied therein. A control subsystem automatically transitions between discharging mode (wherein at least one metal-air FCB subsystem supplies electrical power to the electrical power-consuming load device) and a recharging mode (wherein the external power source is electrically coupled to at least one metal-air FCB subsystem to thereby recharge the metal-air FCB subsystem(s). The metal-air FCB subsystem(s) are refueled by manually loading and unloading metal-fuel from the metal-air FCB subsystem(s). Preferably, electrical power provided to the at least one electrical power-consuming load device is supplied solely by electrical power generated by discharging metal-fuel in the metal-air fuel cell battery subsystem(s).
Abstract:
A handler for applying a vacuum holding force to an object is provided. The handler generally includes a body having a plurality of levels of openings including a holding surface level and a suction surface level, and optionally one or more intermediate levels. In general, the openings decrease in size (e.g., effective diameter) from the suction surface level to the holding surface level. Further the openings at the suction surface level are in fluid communication with at least a portion of the openings at the holding surface level.
Abstract:
A layered structure generally includes a first layer suitable for having a useful element formed therein or thereon selectively attached or bonded to a second layer. A method to form a layered structure generally comprises selectively adhering a first substrate to a second substrate.
Abstract:
An air depolarized cell with at least one movable cathode element (3) disposed in an active anode metal material which is in a fluid or paste state. The cathode element(s) continuously moves to maintain electrochemical proximity with active anode material as the active anode material is converted into electrochemical cell reaction product. In one embodiment, formation of cell reaction products of increased volume relative to initial anode volume serves to propel the movable cathode through the anode material. Viscosity of the fluid or anode paste is adjusted to ensure cathode movement relative to active anode for maximized utilization.
Abstract:
The disclosed invention is a novel polarized light source. The polarized light source of this invention includes an organic electroluminescent (OEL) device or an organic photoluminescent (PL) device and a cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) polarizing device. Thepolarized light source of the present invention is an efficient, high purity, and bright source of polarized light. Further, the present invention enables a polarized light source to be custom designed with a polarization bandwidth and position across a wide range of wavelengths. Further still, the light source of this invention is made from low cost materials and is easily manufactured. Yet further still, this invention enables the production of ultra-thin and lightweight polarized light sources.
Abstract:
A system and method is provided for free-space optical communication in which information is encoded on at least two discrete optical carrier signals. The system includes a transmitter configured to encode information into at least two optical carrier signals and a receiver configured to receive and decode the information from the at least two optical carrier signals.
Abstract:
Provided herein are methods and apparatuses for analyzing molecules, particularly polymers, and molecular complexes with extended conformations. In particular, the methods and apparatuses are used to identify sequence information in molecules or molecular ensembles, which is subsequently used to determine structural information about the molecules. Further, provided herein are various methods of forming probes and films for making such probes of nanoscale dimension.
Abstract:
The controllable electroporation system and method described herein allows control over the size, the number, the location, and the distribution of aqueous pores, thus increasing flexibility of use. The herein described system and method for controllable electroporation generally employs at least two actuating sub-systems and sub-processes. One sub-system and sub-process employs a relatively broad effect in order to weaken the membrane, a broad effect sub-system. Another sub-system and sub-process employs a relatively narrow effect in order to localize the position of the pore in the membrane, a narrow effect sub-system.