摘要:
The present invention discloses and teaches new methods of converting syngas into ethanol and/or other higher alcohols. Preferred embodiments recycle methanol, partially convert it to syngas, and then convert this additional syngas also to C2+ alcohols. Generally, the invention provides reactors comprising catalysts capable of converting syngas to alcohols with low selectivities to carbon dioxide and methane, and further provides process strategies to separate and recycle unreacted syngas as well as methanol produced by the catalyst. The invention is capable of turning modest per-pass reaction selectivities to a particular alcohol, such as ethanol, into economically significant net selectivities and yields.
摘要:
The present invention provides modular and distributed methods and systems to convert biomass feedstocks into synthesis gas (syngas). The syngas can then be turned into liquid chemicals and fuels such as ethanol. The modular units of the invention bring the conversion process to the biomass source, thereby minimizing feedstock transportation costs. The modules are capable of being connected to, and/or disconnected from, each other to easily adjust the overall feedstock capacity. The present invention also provides methods and systems to determine an optimal number and distribution of modular conversion units spatially located within a region of land. The disclosed methods and systems are flexible, efficient, scalable, and are capable of being cost-effective at any commercial scale of operation.
摘要:
The present invention provides processes for the gas phase conversion of a polyhydric feedstock into an oxygen-containing product. The polyhydric feedstock comprises water and at least one polyhydric compound having from about four to about twelve carbon atoms and more than three hydroxyl groups. Also provided are processes for the separation of the oxygen-containing product from the reaction product mixture.
摘要:
The present invention relates generally to polymers and monomers derived from agricultural feedstocks, and more particularly to methods for the production of monomers from renewable agricultural resources such as feedstocks, for example canola, flax and tallow, and polymers, in particular polyurethanes produced from monomers derived from such feedstocks. The present invention also relates to novel processes for the production of short-chain alcohols, as well as hydroxyl wax esters, from renewable feedstocks. An improved apparatus for carrying out ozonolysis reactions is also disclosed.
摘要:
The invention concerns a method for producing optically active alcohols of formula (I) by means of enzymatic reduction of the corresponding ketones, in particular, the production of (1S)-3-methylamino-1-(2-thienyl)-propane-1-ol and (1S)-3-chlorine-1-(2-thienyl)-propane-1-ol.
摘要:
A method and apparatus associated with producing hydrocarbons. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises at least one heating element that is disposed in a chamber with actuator material. A member is also partially coupled to the chamber. The member is configured to extend to a first configuration when the at least one heating element converts at least a portion of the actuator material from a first phase to a second phase and contract to a second configuration when the actuator material converts from the second phase to the first phase.
摘要:
Methanol is produced from bacterially oxidized waste methane by reaction with Pd+2, Cu+2, air, and molten phthalic anhydride in an entrained oxidizer generating hah0 ester of methyl phthalate which is reaction distilled to produce methanol and recycle phthalic anhydride containing the Pd+2, Cu+2 phthalate catalyst.
摘要:
Fuel oxygenates comprised of fatty acid or fatty acid ester derivatives which have been reacted with ozone; a base; and a lower alkanol (1 to 8 carbon atoms) are described. The oxygenates comprise ester groups at a point of cleavage by the ozone which provide oxygen in the oxygenate.