Abstract:
A hydraulic system is proposed, with a pressure source (P), a pressure sink (T), a work motor (4), a main valve (3) which is arranged between the pressure source (P) and the pressure sink (T) on the one hand and the work motor (4) on the other hand and is connected to the work motor (4) by way of work connections (73, 74), and a compensating valve (2) between the pressure source (P) and main valve (3) and an additional valve arrangement (5) between the main valve (3) and the pressure sink (T), which controls the volume flow from the main valve to the pressure sink (T). In a system of that kind it is desirable to provide better control facilities. To that end, the valve arrangement (5) has an externally controllable degree of opening.
Abstract:
In a hydraulic system with a pump (1) and load (4, 104), a bleed valve (16) is provided, which is connected to the pump pressure side (3) and opens towards the tank (2) when a predetermined pressure difference between the pump pressure and maximum load pressure is exceeded. This bleed valve is used in addition to a pump control device (22), wherein provision is made for the pressure difference at the bleed valve (16) to be somewhat greater than the pressure difference preset at the pump control device (22). The control apparatus (20) can preset the pump delivery rate in dependence on setting signals (s1, s2) and regulate it in dependence on a difference pressure signal (U). In addition, it is possible to compare the pressure difference signal with a pressure difference limit and to throttle the control valves (6, 106) in dependence thereon, in order to prevent overloading. The transducer delivering the pressure difference signal can be a position sensor (18) at the bleed valve (16). As a result, the performance of the hydraulic system can be improved in a simple manner.
Abstract:
Es wird eine Umkehrosmoseeinrichtung (1) angegeben mit einer Membraneinheit (2), die einen Einlass (3), einen Permeatauslass (4) und einen Konzentratauslass (5) aufweist, eine Hochdruckpumpe (8), die mit dem Einlass (3) verbunden ist, einem Druckaustauscher (11), der auf seiner Konzentratseite (10) mit dem Konzentratauslass (5) verbunden ist und einer Verstarkungspumpe zwischen dem Druckaustauscher (11) und dem Einlass (3). Man mδchte einen mόglichst niedrigen Energieverbrauch erzielen. Hierzu ist vorgesehen, dass die Verstärker pumpe als Verdrangerpumpe (16) ausgebildet ist.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a reverse osmosis system (1) with at least one membrane unit (2) comprising an inlet (3), a permeate outlet (4) and a concentrate outlet (5), a high-pressure pump (8) that is connected to the inlet (3), a pressure exchanger (11) comprising at least one high-pressure concentrate connection (HPC), and a booster pump. It is endeavoured to achieve the lowest possible energy consumption. For this purpose, the booster pump is made as a displacement pump (16) that is arranged between the concentrate outlet (5) and the high-pressure concentrate connection (HPC) of the pressure exchanger (11).
Abstract:
A controlled proportional valve is provided, with a main slide valve section (4) containing a main slide valve, which section controls a flow of fluid between a pump connection (P) connected to a pump (2) and a tank connection (T) connected to a tank (6) and two work connections connected to a load (5) and which generates a load-sensing signal (LSINT) in dependence on the pressures at the work connections (A, B), and with a compensating slide valve section (3) which controls the pressure across the main slide valve section (4) in dependence on the load-sensing signal (LSINT). It is desirable to achieve a more rapid response time in a proportional valve of that kind, wherein the control means should be capable of being retroffited in existing proportional valves. To that end, a control arrangement (10) which controls the pressure of the load-sensing signal (LSINT) to influence the actual volume flow and/or the actual pressure in the work connections (A, B) is provided.
Abstract:
A steering system for vehicles or ships is provided, with a steering handwheel (11) and a steering element (1) with no mechanical linkage line therebetween, with a steering handwheel sensor device (14, 15), a steering element sensor device (16, 17) and a control arrangement (61, 62) which, in dependence on the output signals of the sensor devices (14-19), operates an electromechanical transducer (2, 3, 4, 5), on the output side of which the steering element (1) is arranged. It is desirable to increase the reliability of such a steering system. For that purpose, the control arrangement comprises at least two independent control units (61, 62), and a fault-monitoring device (28, 38) is provided which precludes a defective control unit from influencing the steering element.
Abstract:
A hydraulic system has a pump (1) with at least one load (4, 5) and accompanying bi-directional valves (8, 8a). A first comparator (A) establishes which motor line (6, 7) is carrying the higher load pressure. A second comparator (B) establishes whether the input-side motor line (6, 7) allocated a directional signal identifying the direction of the valve displacement is carrying the higher pressure or whether a load (4, 5) is being operated with negative loading. Depending on the result of the comparison, the load pressure signal (y1, y2) can be processed differently.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a reverse osmosis system (1) with at least one membrane unit (2) comprising an inlet (3), a permeate outlet (4) and a concentrate outlet (5), a high-pressure pump (8) that is connected to the inlet (3), a pressure exchanger (11) comprising at least one high-pressure concentrate connection (HPC), and a booster pump. It is endeavoured to achieve the lowest possible energy consumption. For this purpose, the booster pump is made as a displacement pump (16) that is arranged between the concentrate outlet (5) and the high-pressure concentrate connection (HPC) of the pressure exchanger (11).
Abstract:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen und/oder Montieren von Lagereinrichtungen (4), die jeweils zwei Lager (11,12) umfassen, die so auf eine gemeinsame Achse (1) montiert und vorgespannt werden, dass ein Innenring (21) des einen Lagers (11) an einer achsfesten axialen Lageranlageflache (24) anliegt, und ein auf die gemeinsame Achse (1) befestigtes AnIageelement an einer weiteren achsfesten axialen Anlagefläche (26) und einem lnnenring (22) des anderen Lagers (12) anliegt. Um die Herstellkosten der Lagereinrichtung zu reduzieren, werden die folgenden Schritte durchgeführt: a) mindestens ein Lager (11,12) der Lagereinrichtungen (4) wird vor der Montage der Lagereinrichtung (4) auf die Achse (1) vermessen, um mindestens ein Istmaβ individuell für die Lagereinrichtung (4) zu erfassen; b) aus dem Istmaβ wird mindestens ein Sollmaβ für die vermessene Achse (1) individuell für die Lagereinrichtung (4) gebildet; c) die Achse (1) wird individuell für die Lagereinrichtung (4) an das Sollmaβ angepasst.
Abstract:
A valve (10) is specified, having a closing member (2), co-operating with a valve seat (11), said closing member (2) and said valve seat (11) each having in their contact area a closing surface (16, 17), which bear against each other in the closed state. With such a valve the improvement of the tightness must also be possible, even with a simple construction. For this purpose one of the closing surfaces (16, 17) is coated with a coating material (18), which is softer than the material of the other closing surface.