Abstract:
The present invention relates to the fields of analysis, diagnostics, prognostics, standardization, characterization and enumeration of entities such as biological cells, as well as therapeutical applications. Accordingly, the present invention in preferred aspects is directed to methods for the detection and/or analysis and/or isolation and optionally further manipulation of entities, such as cells, particles, and supra-molecular structures.
Abstract:
The invention relates to non-natural bases and base pairs that expand the normal DNA-based encoding system. Compositions herein may comprise at least one non-natural base that may interact with another base via a Watson Crick-type hydrogen bonding geometry and/or a Hoogsteen-type hydrogen bonding geometry. The bases may be used in a molecular entity, such as an oligomer or any other entity wherein the bases are attached to a backbone. For example, they may be comprised in DNA, RNA, or PNA, or a variety of other nucleic acid-type systems.
Abstract:
The invention provides compositions and methods for the detection of targets in a sample; in particular, an in situ hybridization (ISH) sample. Probes and detectable labels may be provided in multiple layers in order to increase the flexibility of a detection system, and to allow for amplification to enhance the signal from a target. The layers may be created by incorporating probes and detectable labels into larger molecular units that interact through nucleic acids base-pairing, including peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) base-pairing. Optional non-natural bases allow for degenerate base pairing schemes. The compositions and methods are also compatible with immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), flow cytometry, enzyme immuno-assays (EIA), enzyme linked immuno-assays (ELISA), blotting methods (e.g. Western, Southern, and Northern), labeling inside electrophoresis systems or on surfaces or arrays, and precipitation, among other general detection assay formats. The invention is also compatible with many different types of targets, probes, and detectable labels.
Abstract:
A novel class of peptide nucleic acids are described which include a conjugate attached thereto. The peptide nucleic acids generally comprise ligands such as naturally occurring DNA bases attached to a peptide backbone through a suitable linker.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to methods and compounds for enzyme-mediated amplification of target-associated signals for visualization of biological or chemical targets in samples, wherein the targets are immobilized, in particular the invention relates to the oxidoreductase-mediated signal amplification for visualization of targets in samples comprising cells. The methods of the invention are particular useful for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of biological markers relating to medical diagnostic and therapy.
Abstract:
Disclosed are methods and systems for analyzing images of specimens processed by a programmable quantitative assay or more specifically a robust programmable quantitative dot assay, PDQA, that enable specimens to be imaged and assessed across a wide variety of conditions and applications. Specific embodiments directed to immunohistochemical applications provide more quantitative methods of imaging and assessing biological samples including tissue samples.
Abstract:
The present invention lies in the field of visualization and quantification of immobilized targets in samples using immunochemical means. The methods of the invention utilize an immunostaining system allowing visualizing single target units in samples as distinct dots. In particular, the invention relates to methods and reagents for visualization and quantification of molecular targets immunostained in histological samples and use of said method and reagents in medical diagnostic. However, the visualization and quantification methods of the invention are applicable to a variety of targets in different samples and allow precise quantifying both relative and absolute amounts thereof.
Abstract:
The methods involve detection of peroxidase activity of one or more binding agents comprising peroxidase activity and a compound comprising two or more moieties capable of serving as substrate for a peroxidase enzyme, one or more detectable labels and a water soluble polymer, wherein said two or more moieties capable of serving as substrate for a peroxidase enzyme and said one or more labels are linked to said polymer so that a distance separating any of the linked moieties from any of the linked labels is at least 30 consecutively interconnected atoms, and wherein a distance separating any two of the two or more linked moieties capable of serving as substrate for a peroxidase enzyme is less than 30 consecutively interconnected atoms. In the reaction the conjugate is deposited.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to compounds which are conjugates of two or more moieties capable of serving as substrates of an enzyme with peorxidase activity and one or more labels. The conjugate molecules of the invention are useful for detection of molecular targets, e.g. biological or chemical molecules, molecular structures, etc, in samples using a host of experimental schemes for detecting and visualizing such targets, e.g. immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), ELlSA, Southern, Northern, and Western blotting, etc. The invention also relates to compositions comprising the conjugate molecules. The labels and moieties of peroxidase substrate are not the same chemical substances and are linked together via a linker, wherein said linker is a compound comprising at least one linear chain of at least 30 consecutively connected atoms, wherein said linear chain contain at least two branching points separated by a distance of at least 30 consecutevely connected atoms and the labels and peroxidase substrate moieties are separated in the conjugate molecule by least 30 consecutively connected atoms and two neighboring of the peroxidase substrate moieties are separated from each other by less than 30 consecutively connected atoms.
Abstract:
The invention provides compositions and methods for the detection of targets in a sample; in particular, an in situ hybridization (ISH) sample. Probes and detectable labels may be provided in multiple layers in order to increase the flexibility of a detection system, and to allow for amplification to enhance the signal from a target. The layers may be created by incorporating probes and detectable labels into larger molecular units that interact through nucleic acids base-pairing, including peptide-nucleic acid (PNA) base-pairing. Optional non-natural bases allow for degenerate base pairing schemes. The compositions and methods are also compatible with immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunocytochemistry (ICC), flow cytometry, enzyme immuno-assays (EIA), enzyme linked immuno-assays (ELISA), blotting methods (e.g. Western, Southern, and Northern), labeling inside electrophoresis systems or on surfaces or arrays, and precipitation, among other general detection assay formats. The invention is also compatible with many different types of targets, probes, and detectable labels.