Abstract:
Clear, stable concentrated liquid compositions are disclosed that comprise from 30% to 90% by weight of an esterquat active, and from 10% to 50% by weight of a particular solvent system. The esterquat active is the quaternized reaction product of a fatty acyl source having an Iodine Value of 40 to 130 reacted with an alkanolamine at a fatty acyl to alkanolamine molar ratio of 1.0:1 to 2.2:1. The concentrated liquid compositions have a VOC content of less than 5%, a Biorenewable Carbon Index (BCI) of at least 20 and a viscosity of less than 5000 cP at 25°C. The concentrated liquid compositions can be easily diluted in water to form stable aqueous dispersions.
Abstract:
Rigid polyurethane or polyisocyanurate foams, polyester polyols used to produce them, and methods for formulating the foams are disclosed. The foams comprise a reaction product of a polyisocyanate, a polyester polyol, water, a surfactant, a catalyst and optional ingredients. The polyester polyols comprise a phthalimide-containing polyacid, a phthalimide-containing polyol, or a combination thereof. Rigid foams produced from the polyester polyols exhibit higher thermal stability and/or greater intumescence when compared with foams made from other polyester polyols. The phthalimide-containing polyester polyols should allow formulators to improve the flammability performance of rigid foams with reduced levels of flame retardants and/or lower index and should facilitate the production of thinner insulation panels.
Abstract:
Copolymers comprising recurring units of a phenyl glycidyl ether and alkylene oxides are disclosed. Some of the copolymers comprise a di- or polyfunctional nucleophilic initiator and recurring units of the phenyl glycidyl ether and an alkylene oxide. The di- or polyfunctional nucleophilic initiator is an alcohol, phenol, amine, thiol, thiophenol, sulfinic acid, or deprotonated species thereof. Other copolymers comprise a monofunctional nucleophilic initiator selected from thiols, thiophenols, aralkylated phenols, sulfinic acids, secondary amines, C10-C20 terpene alcohols, and deprotonated species thereof. Pigments dispersions comprising the copolymers are also disclosed. The copolymers meet the growing needs of the industry with their ease of manufacture, diverse structures, and desirable performance attributes for dispersing a wide range of organic and inorganic pigments. Agricultural applications for the copolymers are also disclosed.
Abstract:
Methods and systems for determining the integrity of a manufactured board are disclosed. An example system includes a testing platform configured to secure the manufactured board, a sensor configured to measure a parameter corresponding to a flatness of a surface of the board, and a controller. The controller is configured to identify regions on the surface corresponding to one of a peak or a valley based on the parameter, and calculate a score representing the integrity of the manufactured board based on the identified peaks and valleys. The controller adjusts a flow rate, a pressure, a temperature, and position of a deposited substance in a manufacturing process based on a comparison with a height of the peak and/or a depth of the valley to stored peak heights and/or valley depths. In some examples, a mechanical tester determines a compressive strength and a density of the board at the identified regions.
Abstract:
A low-VOC, two-component polyurethane adhesive is provided. The polyurethane adhesive has an A-side that includes an isocyanate and a non-reactive plasticizer, and a B side that includes an aliphatic polyester polyol, a non-polyester polyol, and a urethane catalyst. The A-side and the B-side are reacted at a volume ratio of 1:1 and formulated at an NCO/OH index within the range of 0.90 to 1.10. The polyurethane adhesive is solvent-free and is particularly suitable for adhering a polymeric membrane to a substrate.
Abstract:
Isocyanate-modified polyester-epoxide polymer (i-PEEP) compositions are disclosed. The i-PEEP compositions comprise a reaction product of a polyepoxide compound, a polyisocyanate, and a polyester polyol composition. The ratio of epoxy equivalents to hydroxyl equivalents is within the range of 0.2 to 2. The i-PEEP index as defined herein is within the range of 100 to 200. The i-PEEP composition has a T g within the range of -30°C to 35°C. Low- and elevated-temperature processes catalyzed by bases or Lewis acids for making the i-PEEP compositions are also disclosed. In a simple yet innovative approach, a new class of polymers useful for coatings, elastomers, adhesives, sealants, and other valuable products is assembled from readily available starting materials without reliance on the polyamines typically used to cure epoxy systems.
Abstract:
The present disclosure is related to non-alpha-substituted, low molecular weight peracid compositions. The peracids have no or a negligible amount of odor, have good stability, and have antimicrobial properties. The peracid compositions can be formulated into a wide variety of end use products, including disinfectants, sanitizers, sporicides, fungicides, laundry products, hard surface cleaners, bleaching agents, personal cleansers, and water treatment products.
Abstract:
Laundry detergents useful for cold-water cleaning and a cold-water cleaning method are disclosed. The detergents comprise: (a) an a-sulfonated fatty ester surfactant comprising a compound having the formula: R 1 -CH(SO 3 M)-CO-OR 2 wherein M is hydrogen, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, ammonium, and amine salt, or a mixture thereof; R 1 is an unsubstituted or hydroxy-substituted, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C 6 -C 16 alkyl group; and R 2 is a saturated or unsaturated linear or branched C 8 to C 12 alkyl group; and (b) an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, or a combination thereof. Surprisingly, α-sulfonated fatty ester surfactants derived from a C 8 to C 12 alcohol provide outstanding performance in removing greasy stains such as bacon grease, cooked beef fat, or beef tallow from soiled articles even at wash temperatures at or below 30°C. Detergents formulated with the surfactants outperform control cold-water detergents by a wide margin, including detergents comprising α-sulfonated fatty esters made from lower alcohols, such as methyl, butyl, or hexyl esters of α-sulfonated fatty acids.
Abstract:
Laundry detergents and their use for cold-water cleaning are disclosed. The detergents comprise a lipase and a mid-chain headgroup surfactant or an alkylene- bridged surfactant. The mid-chain headgroup surfactants have a C14-C30 alkyl chain and a polar group bonded to a central zone carbon of the C14-C30 alkyl chain. The alkylene-bridged surfactants comprise a C12-C18 alkyl chain, a polar group, and a C1-C2 alkylene group bonded to the polar group and a central zone carbon of the C12-C18 alkyl chain. Surprisingly, when combined with lipases, detergents formulated with the mid- chain headgroup or alkylene-bridged surfactants effectively liquefy greasy soils at low temperature and provide outstanding cold-water performance in removing greasy stains such as bacon grease, butter, cooked beef fat, or beef tallow from soiled articles.
Abstract:
Detergents useful for cold-water cleaning and mid-chain headgroup and aikyiene-bridged surfactants useful therein are disclosed. The mid-chain headgroup surfactant has a C 14 -C 30 aiky! chain and a polar group bonded to a central zone carbon of the alky! chain. The a!kylene-bridged surfactant has a C 12 -C 18 aikyl chain, a polar group, and a C 1 -C 2 alkyiene group bonded to the polar group and a central zone carbon of the C 12 -C 18 aikyl chain. Preferred surfactants in these classes are aicohoi sulfates, alcohol ethoxylates, ether sulfates, sulfonates, arylsulfonates, alcohol phosphates, amine oxides, quaterniums, betaines, and suifobetaines. Surprisingly, detergents formulated with the surfactants provide outstanding cold-water performance in removing greasy stains such as bacon grease, butter, cooked beef fat, or beef tailow from soiled articles.